id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/Collection name: collection_class title: Collection Class prefixes: linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/ hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/ crm: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/ rico: https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology# bf: http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/ dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ premis: http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v3/ prov: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov# schema: http://schema.org/ skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# wd: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/ edm: http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/ default_prefix: hc imports: - linkml:types - ./CustodianCollection - ./CollectionType - ./AccessPolicy - ./TimeSpan - ./FindingAid - ./ExhibitedObject - ./CurationActivity - ../slots/has_or_had_access_policy_reference - ../slots/has_acquisition_date - ../slots/has_acquisition_method - ../slots/has_acquisition_source - ../slots/has_arrangement - ../slots/collection_description - ../slots/collection_id - ../slots/collection_name - ../slots/collection_type_ref - ../slots/has_or_had_curation_activity - ../slots/custodial_history - ../slots/digital_surrogate_url - ../slots/digitization_status - ../slots/extent - ../slots/extent_item - ../slots/has_or_had_finding_aid - ../slots/item - ../slots/is_or_was_sub_collection_of # was: parent_collection - migrated per Rule 53 (2025-01-15) - ../slots/part_of_custodian_collection - ../slots/provenance_statement - ../slots/record_set_type - ../slots/has_or_had_sub_collection - ../slots/subject_area - ../slots/temporal_coverage - ../slots/temporal_extent # was: valid_from + valid_to - migrated per Rule 53 # REMOVED 2026-01-14: valid_from + valid_to - migrated to temporal_extent (Rule 53) - ../slots/has_or_had_custodian_type - ../slots/specificity_annotation - ../slots/template_specificity - ./SpecificityAnnotation - ./TemplateSpecificityScores classes: Collection: class_uri: rico:RecordSet description: "Specific, inventoried heritage holdings with fine-grained cataloguing detail.\n\n**CRITICAL DISTINCTION**:\n\ \n| CustodianCollection | Collection (THIS CLASS) |\n|---------------------|------------------------|\n| Abstract/nominal\ \ reference | Specific, catalogued holdings |\n| Entire collection of a Custodian | Individual fonds, series, or named\ \ collections |\n| Vague (\"the museum's collection\") | Precise (\"the Van Gogh correspondence collection\") |\n| Top-level\ \ container | Nested within CustodianCollection |\n| crm:E78_Curated_Holding | rico:RecordSet |\n\n1. **RiC-O (Records\ \ in Contexts)**:\n - `rico:RecordSet` - \"A record set is a group of record(s), made and/or assembled\n by one\ \ or more agent(s), characterized by a common provenance and/or by being\n received/maintained by the same custodian.\"\ \n - Enables: series, fonds, sub-fonds, sub-series hierarchies\n - Properties: rico:hasRecordSetType, rico:hasExtent,\ \ rico:hasTemporalCoverage\n\n2. **CIDOC-CRM**:\n - Close mapping to crm:E78_Curated_Holding (at specific level)\n\ \ - crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing for physical collections\n\n3. **BIBFRAME**:\n - bf:Collection for library\ \ special collections\n - bf:Item for individual physical items within\n\n4. **Europeana Data Model**:\n - edm:ProvidedCHO\ \ for cultural heritage objects\n - edm:hasView for digital representations\n\n**HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE**:\n\n```\n\ Custodian (hub)\n │\n └── CustodianCollection (aspect - abstract/nominal)\n │\n └── Collection (THIS\ \ CLASS - specific holdings)\n ├── CollectionType (classification)\n ├── AccessPolicy (access\ \ restrictions)\n ├── has_or_had_sub_collection → Collection[] (nested hierarchy)\n │ \ \ └── Collection (sub-fonds, series, etc.)\n └── items → ExhibitedObject[] (individual objects)\n```\n\n\ **USE CASES**:\n\n1. **Archival Fonds**:\n ```yaml\n Collection:\n collection_name: \"Records of the Dutch East\ \ India Company (VOC)\"\n collection_type: FONDS\n record_set_type: rico:Fonds\n extent: \"1,250 linear\ \ meters\"\n temporal_coverage: \"1602-1799\"\n provenance: \"Dutch East India Company (VOC)\"\n ```\n\n2.\ \ **Museum Named Collection**:\n ```yaml\n Collection:\n collection_name: \"Drucker-Fraser Collection\"\n \ \ collection_type: NAMED_COLLECTION\n extent: \"125 artworks\"\n acquisition_method: \"Bequest (1937)\"\n\ \ access_policy: OPEN_ACCESS\n ```\n\n3. **Library Special Collection**:\n ```yaml\n Collection:\n collection_name:\ \ \"Medieval Manuscripts Collection\"\n collection_type: SPECIAL_COLLECTION\n bf_collection_type: bf:Collection\n\ \ extent: \"342 manuscripts, 12th-15th century\"\n temporal_coverage: \"1100-1500\"\n ```\n\n**PROVENANCE\ \ TRACKING**:\n\nCollection provenance is tracked through:\n- `provenance_statement` - Narrative provenance description\n\ - `custodial_history` - Chain of custody\n- `acquisition_method` - How acquired (purchase, donation, transfer, bequest)\n\ - `acquisition_date` - When acquired\n- `acquisition_source` - From whom acquired\n\n**ACCESS CONTROL**:\n\nCollections\ \ link to AccessPolicy for:\n- Open access (publicly available)\n- Restricted access (researchers only)\n- Closed access\ \ (temporary closure, embargo)\n- Partial access (portions available)\n" exact_mappings: - rico:RecordSet - wikidata:Q2668072 close_mappings: - crm:E78_Curated_Holding - bf:Collection - edm:ProvidedCHO related_mappings: - crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing - rico:Record - bf:Item slots: - has_or_had_access_policy_reference - has_acquisition_date - has_acquisition_method - has_acquisition_source - has_arrangement - collection_description - collection_id - collection_name - collection_type_ref - has_or_had_curation_activity - custodial_history - has_or_had_custodian_type - digital_surrogate_url - digitization_status - extent - extent_item - has_or_had_finding_aid - item - is_or_was_sub_collection_of # was: parent_collection - migrated per Rule 53 (2025-01-15) - part_of_custodian_collection - provenance_statement - record_set_type - specificity_annotation - has_or_had_sub_collection - subject_area - template_specificity - temporal_coverage - temporal_extent # was: valid_from + valid_to - migrated per Rule 53 slot_usage: collection_id: range: uriorcurie required: true identifier: true examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds description: VOC fonds at the National Archives collection_name: range: string required: true examples: - value: Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) description: Archival fonds name - value: Drucker-Fraser Collection description: Museum named collection - value: Medieval Manuscripts Collection description: Library special collection collection_description: range: string examples: - value: The VOC archives comprise the administrative records of the Dutch East India Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution in 1799. The fonds includes correspondence, resolutions, journals, accounts, ship's logs, and maps documenting trade relations across Asia. collection_type_ref: range: CollectionType required: true examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds description: Archival fonds - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/special-collection description: Library special collection record_set_type: range: uriorcurie examples: - value: rico:Fonds description: Archival fonds - value: rico:Series description: Archival series - value: rico:Collection description: Assembled collection extent: range: string examples: - value: 1,250 linear meters description: Archival extent - value: 125 artworks description: Museum extent - value: 342 manuscripts description: Library extent extent_item: range: integer examples: - value: 125 description: 125 artworks - value: 342 description: 342 manuscripts temporal_coverage: range: TimeSpan examples: - value: start_date: '1602-01-01' end_date: '1799-12-31' description: VOC records temporal coverage subject_area: range: string multivalued: true examples: - value: - Colonial trade - Maritime history - Dutch East Indies - Spice trade description: VOC records subjects provenance_statement: range: string examples: - value: The VOC archives were transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's dissolution in 1799. They were initially held by the Ministry of Colonies, then transferred to the Algemeen Rijksarchief (now Nationaal Archief) in 1856. custodial_history: range: string multivalued: true examples: - value: - Dutch East India Company (1602-1799) - Ministry of Colonies (1799-1856) - Algemeen Rijksarchief (1856-2002) - Nationaal Archief (2002-present) description: VOC records custodial history has_acquisition_method: range: string examples: - value: TRANSFER description: Government transfer of VOC archives - value: BEQUEST description: Testamentary gift has_acquisition_date: range: date examples: - value: '1856-01-01' description: Transfer to Algemeen Rijksarchief has_acquisition_source: range: string examples: - value: Ministry of Colonies description: Source of VOC archives transfer - value: Estate of Anna Drucker-Fraser description: Source of bequest has_or_had_access_policy_reference: range: AccessPolicy examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access description: Publicly accessible - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/restricted-researchers description: Researchers only has_arrangement: range: string examples: - value: Organized by provenance, then chronologically within each creating office description: Archival has_arrangement - value: Arranged alphabetically by artist name description: Art collection has_arrangement has_or_had_finding_aid: range: FindingAid multivalued: true inlined_as_list: true examples: - value: - finding_aid_id: https://nde.nl/finding-aid/voc-inventory title: VOC Inventory finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory url: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02 description: VOC finding aid digitization_status: range: string examples: - value: PARTIAL description: 30% digitized digital_surrogate_url: range: uri multivalued: true examples: - value: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02/download description: Digital scans of VOC records is_or_was_sub_collection_of: range: Collection description: | Parent collection in hierarchical arrangement. MIGRATED from parent_collection slot per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53, 2025-01-15). examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds description: Series within VOC fonds has_or_had_sub_collection: range: Collection multivalued: true inlined_as_list: true examples: - value: - collection_name: Hoge Regering Batavia collection_type_ref: series - collection_name: Kamer Amsterdam collection_type_ref: series description: Series within VOC fonds item: range: ExhibitedObject multivalued: true inlined: false examples: - value: - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-anatomy-lesson - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-goldfinch description: Paintings in Mauritshuis collection has_or_had_curation_activity: range: CurationActivity multivalued: true inlined: false examples: - value: - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/activity/nationaal-archief-voc-digitization-2024 - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/activity/nationaal-archief-inventory-2025 description: Curation activities for VOC fonds part_of_custodian_collection: range: CustodianCollection required: true examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief description: Part of Nationaal Archief's overall collection temporal_extent: # was: valid_from + valid_to - migrated per Rule 53 description: | Collection validity period using CIDOC-CRM TimeSpan. MIGRATED from valid_from + valid_to per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53). range: TimeSpan inlined: true required: false examples: - value: begin_of_the_begin: '1856-01-01' description: Collection acquired in 1856 (no end date) has_or_had_custodian_type: equals_expression: '["hc:GalleryType", "hc:LibraryType", "hc:ArchiveOrganizationType", "hc:MuseumType", "hc:BioCustodianType", "hc:HolySacredSiteType"]' comments: - Collection represents SPECIFIC, CATALOGUED holdings (not abstract nominal references) - Distinct from CustodianCollection which is abstract/nominal - Enables fine-grained description using RiC-O, CIDOC-CRM, BIBFRAME ontologies - Supports hierarchical nesting (fonds → series → sub-series) - Links to CollectionType for classification and AccessPolicy for access control - Provenance tracking includes custodial_history, acquisition_method, has_acquisition_source - finding_aids replaces the simple finding_aid_url slot (2025-12-09) - items slot links to ExhibitedObject[] for individual collection objects (2026-01) - curation_activities slot links to CurationActivity[] for ongoing management (2026-01) see_also: - https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#RecordSet - http://www.cidoc-crm.org/html/cidoc_crm_v7.1.3.html#E78 - http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Collection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2668072 examples: - value: collection_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds collection_name: Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) collection_description: The VOC archives comprise the administrative records of the Dutch East India Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution in 1799. collection_type_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds record_set_type: rico:Fonds extent: 1,250 linear meters temporal_coverage: start_date: '1602-01-01' end_date: '1799-12-31' subject_area: - Colonial trade - Maritime history - Dutch East Indies provenance_statement: Transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's dissolution in 1799. acquisition_method: TRANSFER acquisition_date: '1856-01-01' acquisition_source: Ministry of Colonies has_or_had_access_policy_reference: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access arrangement: Organized by provenance, then chronologically has_or_had_finding_aid: - finding_aid_id: https://nde.nl/finding-aid/nationaal-archief-voc-inventory title: Inventory of the Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory url: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02 format: - EAD - HTML language: - nl - en digitization_status: PARTIAL part_of_custodian_collection: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief description: VOC archival fonds at Nationaal Archief