# ============================================================================= # WORK Hypernym Module (FRBR/LRM Model) # ============================================================================= # Version: 1.7.0 # Module: hypernyms/wrk.yaml # # BREAKING CHANGE v1.7.0: Renamed from TEXTUAL_REFERENCE (TXT) to WORK (WRK) # and restructured following FRBR/IFLA-LRM model: # - WORK: Abstract intellectual creation (the concept) # - EXPRESSION: Realization in a specific form (the text) # - MANIFESTATION: Physical embodiment (the publication) # - ITEM: Single exemplar (the specific copy) # # NERD's "Product" class is semantically wrong for intellectual works. # FRBR provides the bibliographic and archival standard. # ============================================================================= id: hypernym_work name: "WORK Hypernym (FRBR/LRM)" description: | References to intellectual and creative works, spanning the FRBR/LRM abstraction levels from abstract concept (Work) to physical copy (Item). hypernym: WORK: code: "WRK" definition: | References to intellectual and creative works, spanning the FRBR/LRM abstraction levels from abstract concept (Work) to physical copy (Item). The FRBR model distinguishes: - WORK: Distinct intellectual creation ("Hamlet" as a concept) - EXPRESSION: Specific intellectual realization ("Hamlet in Dutch translation") - MANIFESTATION: Physical embodiment ("2023 Penguin edition of Hamlet") - ITEM: Single exemplar ("the copy in Amsterdam Public Library") Most textual mentions reference WORK level (titles, concepts). Archival contexts often reference MANIFESTATION or ITEM level. design_rationale: | NERD's "Product" class conflates: - Creative works (books, music, films) - Commercial products (software, merchandise) - Services (subscriptions, access) For heritage contexts, FRBR (now IFLA-LRM) is the bibliographic standard: - Library catalogs use FRBR for bibliographic relationships - FRBRoo integrates with CIDOC-CRM for museum contexts - RiC-O (archival) aligns with FRBR for records This enables: - Linking editions, translations, and copies of the same work - Tracking provenance of specific items - Distinguishing conceptual references from physical objects ontology_mappings: primary_class: "frbroo:F1_Work" primary_class_definition: | FRBRoo F1 Work: "This class comprises distinct concepts or combination of concepts identified in artistic and intellectual expressions." Equivalent to IFLA-LRM Work. alternative_classes: - "lrm:Work" # IFLA Library Reference Model - "crm:E89_Propositional_Object" # CIDOC-CRM intellectual content - "schema:CreativeWork" # Schema.org - "dct:BibliographicResource" # Dublin Core linkml_mapping: class_uri: "frbroo:F1_Work" exact_mappings: - "lrm:Work" close_mappings: - "schema:CreativeWork" - "crm:E89_Propositional_Object" related_mappings: - "bf:Work" # BIBFRAME nerd_class: "nerd:Product" nerd_deprecation_note: | DEPRECATED: NERD's Product class is semantically incorrect for intellectual works. "Product" implies commercial goods, not creative expressions. Use FRBR/FRBRoo/LRM for bibliographic precision. Retain NERD mapping ONLY for basic NLP pipeline interchange. frbr_mapping: work: "frbroo:F1_Work | lrm:Work" expression: "frbroo:F2_Expression | lrm:Expression" manifestation: "frbroo:F3_Manifestation | lrm:Manifestation" item: "frbroo:F5_Item | lrm:Item" note: | FRBRoo is the object-oriented version of FRBR, aligned with CIDOC-CRM. IFLA-LRM (2017) is the consolidated successor to FRBR/FRAD/FRSAD. BIBFRAME (bf:) is the Library of Congress RDF vocabulary for bibliographic data. subcategories: # ----- FRBR WORK LEVEL (abstract concept) ----- WORK_ABSTRACT: code: "WRK.ABS" definition: | Abstract intellectual works referenced by title or concept, independent of specific editions or copies. examples: - "Hamlet" - "The Diary of Anne Frank" - "Beethoven's Ninth Symphony" - "the Quran" ontology_class: "frbroo:F1_Work" alternative_classes: - "lrm:Work" - "bf:Work" linkml_mapping: class_uri: "frbroo:F1_Work" exact_mappings: - "lrm:Work" - "bf:Work" note: | Use for references to works as concepts, not specific editions: - "Shakespeare's Hamlet" (the work, not a specific edition) - "Anne Frank's diary" (the conceptual work) Link to authority files (VIAF, Wikidata) for work identification. # ----- FRBR EXPRESSION LEVEL (specific realization) ----- EXPRESSION: code: "WRK.EXP" definition: | Specific realizations of works: translations, versions, arrangements, performances captured as recordings. examples: - "the Dutch translation of Hamlet" - "the 1603 quarto text of Hamlet" - "Karajan's 1962 recording of Beethoven's Ninth" - "the King James Bible" ontology_class: "frbroo:F2_Expression" alternative_classes: - "lrm:Expression" - "bf:Work" # BIBFRAME conflates Work/Expression note: | Expressions are realizations of Works: - Same Work, different language → different Expression - Same Work, different arrangement → different Expression - Same musical Work, different performance → different Expression # ----- FRBR MANIFESTATION LEVEL (publication/edition) ----- MANIFESTATION: code: "WRK.MAN" definition: | Physical or digital embodiments: editions, publications, pressings, broadcasts. Manifestations are producible in multiple copies. examples: - "the 2023 Penguin edition of Hamlet" - "Museum Journal vol. 15, no. 2" - "Nature magazine, March 2023" - "the 1609 Quarto of Shakespeare's Sonnets" ontology_class: "frbroo:F3_Manifestation" alternative_classes: - "lrm:Manifestation" - "bf:Instance" # BIBFRAME equivalent - "schema:Book" - "schema:Periodical" linkml_mapping: class_uri: "frbroo:F3_Manifestation" exact_mappings: - "lrm:Manifestation" - "bf:Instance" close_mappings: - "schema:Book" note: | Manifestations are what libraries catalog and acquire: - Publisher, date, ISBN, format are Manifestation attributes - Multiple identical copies = one Manifestation, many Items # ----- FRBR ITEM LEVEL (specific copy) ----- ITEM: code: "WRK.ITM" definition: | Single exemplars: a specific copy, with provenance, annotations, damage. Items are unique physical objects. examples: - "the British Library's copy of the First Folio" - "manuscript KB 128 A 14 in the Royal Library" - "the annotated copy formerly owned by Van Gogh" ontology_class: "frbroo:F5_Item" alternative_classes: - "lrm:Item" - "bf:Item" - "crm:E22_Human-Made_Object" note: | Items have individual provenance and condition: - Ownership history, annotations, damage - Physical location (shelf mark, repository) - For manuscripts, each copy is a unique Item # ----- MANUSCRIPT (always Item level) ----- MANUSCRIPT: code: "WRK.MSS" definition: | Handwritten documents and manuscripts. Manuscripts are unique Items (FRBR Item level), not reproducible Manifestations. examples: - "Codex Manesse" - "the Book of Kells" - "Leonardo's notebooks" - "the Dead Sea Scrolls" ontology_class: "crm:E22_Human-Made_Object" alternative_classes: - "frbroo:F5_Item" - "rico:Record" note: | Manuscripts are physical objects that embody intellectual content: - Use crm:E22_Human-Made_Object for the physical codex/scroll - Use frbroo:F1_Work for the textual content - Link via frbroo:R4_comprises_carriers_of # ----- ARCHIVAL RECORDS ----- ARCHIVAL: code: "WRK.ARC" definition: | Archival records, documents, and files. May be single items or aggregations (fonds, series). examples: - "deed of sale dated 1650" - "birth certificate of Rembrandt" - "notarial act NL-SAA 5075/2135" - "the VOC archives" ontology_class: "rico:Record" alternative_classes: - "rico:RecordSet" # For aggregations (fonds, series) - "crm:E31_Document" rico_levels: fonds: "rico:RecordSet with rico:hasRecordSetType 'fonds'" series: "rico:RecordSet with rico:hasRecordSetType 'series'" file: "rico:RecordSet with rico:hasRecordSetType 'file'" item: "rico:Record" note: | RiC-O provides archival hierarchy: - Fonds → Series → File → Item - Use rico:isOrWasIncludedIn for containment - Use rico:hasOrHadIdentifier for call numbers # ----- DIGITAL RESOURCES ----- WEBSITE: code: "WRK.WEB" definition: "Web pages and online resources as intellectual works" examples: - "the museum's online collection" - "the Wikipedia article on Rembrandt" - "the Rijksmuseum website" ontology_class: "schema:WebPage" alternative_classes: - "schema:WebSite" - "fabio:WebPage" # FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology note: | Websites are Manifestations of digital Works. Archived versions (Internet Archive) are different Manifestations of the same Expression. URL: code: "WRK.URL" definition: "URLs as identifiers for digital resources" examples: - "www.rijksmuseum.nl" - "https://www.britishmuseum.org" - "https://doi.org/10.1000/xyz123" ontology_class: "schema:URL" note: | URLs are locators, not works themselves. Links to GROUP hypernym via schema:url. DOIs are persistent identifiers for Works/Expressions. # ----- CONTACT INFORMATION ----- EMAIL: code: "WRK.EML" definition: "Email addresses as contact identifiers" examples: - "info@rijksmuseum.nl" - "contact@museum.org" ontology_class: "schema:email" note: | Email addresses are identifiers, not intellectual works. Included here for practical extraction convenience. Links to GROUP hypernym via schema:email. SOCIAL: code: "WRK.SOC" definition: "Social media handles and profiles" examples: - "@rijksmuseum" - "facebook.com/britishmuseum" - "Instagram: @vangoghmuseum" ontology_class: "foaf:OnlineAccount" foaf_mapping: class: "foaf:OnlineAccount" properties: account_name: "foaf:accountName" service_homepage: "foaf:accountServiceHomepage" note: | Social accounts are identifiers for agent presence on platforms. Links to GROUP hypernym via foaf:account. # ----- CITATIONS ----- CITATION: code: "WRK.CIT" definition: "Bibliographic citations and references" examples: - "Smith (2020)" - "cf. Van Gogh Letters, no. 532" - "[ibid., p. 42]" ontology_class: "dct:bibliographicCitation" alternative_classes: - "cito:Citation" # Citation Typing Ontology note: | Citations are references to Works/Expressions/Manifestations. CiTO (Citation Typing Ontology) provides citation intent types: - cito:cites, cito:critiques, cito:supports, etc. inclusion_rules: - id: "WRK_INC001" rule: "Tag work titles at appropriate FRBR level" examples: - "'Hamlet' (Work level - the concept)" - "'2023 Penguin edition' (Manifestation level)" - "'the British Library's copy' (Item level)" - id: "WRK_INC002" rule: "Tag URLs and identifiers as complete strings" examples: - "info@rijksmuseum.nl" - "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl" - "doi:10.1000/xyz123" - id: "WRK_INC003" rule: "Tag archival references with call numbers when present" examples: - "NL-SAA 5075/2135" - "KB 128 A 14" - id: "WRK_INC004" rule: "Tag manuscripts as Items (unique objects)" examples: - "Codex Manesse" - "the Book of Kells" exclusion_rules: - id: "WRK_EXC001" rule: "Do NOT tag generic work type references" examples: - "the document (no title)" - "a manuscript (not named)" - "some book" - id: "WRK_EXC002" rule: "Do NOT tag UI navigation elements" examples: - "Click here" - "Read more" - "Download PDF" - id: "WRK_EXC003" rule: "Do NOT confuse physical carrier with intellectual work" examples: - "the book (physical object → use THING if just the object)" - "the paper (material, not work)"