id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/CITESAppendix
name: CITESAppendix
title: CITES Appendix Class
prefixes:
  linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/
  hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/
  schema: http://schema.org/
  skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
  dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
imports:
  - linkml:types
  - ../metadata
  - ../slots/has_or_had_type
  - ../slots/has_or_had_label
default_prefix: hc
classes:
  CITESAppendix:
    class_uri: hc:CITESAppendix
    description: >-
      CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) appendix listing
      for biological specimens.
      
      CITES regulates international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants to
      ensure their survival. Species are listed in one of three appendices based on
      the degree of protection needed.
      
      **Appendix Levels**:
      
      | Appendix | Protection Level | Trade Status |
      |----------|------------------|--------------|
      | APPENDIX_I | Highest | Trade prohibited (except non-commercial) |
      | APPENDIX_II | Moderate | Trade regulated with permits |
      | APPENDIX_III | Lowest | Trade monitored by request of a Party |
      | NOT_LISTED | None | Not regulated under CITES |
      
      **Temporal Considerations**:
      
      Species may move between appendices as their conservation status changes.
      The listing date is important for determining legal status at time of
      specimen acquisition.
      
      **Legal Significance**:
      
      For heritage collections, CITES status affects:
      - Loan agreements between institutions
      - Specimen transfers and acquisitions
      - Import/export permit requirements
      - Documentation and provenance requirements
      
      **Example**:
      ```yaml
      is_or_was_listed_in:
        has_or_had_type: APPENDIX_I
        has_or_had_label: "CITES Appendix I - Most Endangered"
        listing_effective_date: "1975-07-01"
        listing_authority: "CITES Secretariat"
        species_covered: "Raphus cucullatus"
      ```
    slots:
      - has_or_had_type
      - has_or_had_label
    slot_usage:
      has_or_had_type:
        description: >-
          The CITES appendix level (APPENDIX_I, APPENDIX_II, APPENDIX_III, or NOT_LISTED).
        range: string
        required: true
        pattern: "^(APPENDIX_I|APPENDIX_II|APPENDIX_III|NOT_LISTED)$"
        examples:
          - value: APPENDIX_I
            description: Highest protection - species threatened with extinction
          - value: APPENDIX_II
            description: Moderate protection - trade must be controlled
          - value: APPENDIX_III
            description: Protected in at least one country requesting cooperation
          - value: NOT_LISTED
            description: Species not regulated under CITES
      has_or_had_label:
        description: >-
          Human-readable description of the CITES listing status.
        range: string
        required: false
        examples:
          - value: "CITES Appendix I - Trade Prohibited"
          - value: "CITES Appendix II - Trade Regulated"
    attributes:
      listing_effective_date:
        description: >-
          Date when the species was added to this CITES appendix.
          Important for determining legal status at time of specimen acquisition.
        range: date
        required: false
        examples:
          - value: "1975-07-01"
            description: Original CITES listing (Convention entered into force)
          - value: "2019-08-28"
            description: Added at CoP18 (Geneva)
      listing_authority:
        description: >-
          Authority responsible for the listing (typically CITES Secretariat or
          a specific Conference of the Parties decision).
        range: string
        required: false
        examples:
          - value: "CITES Secretariat"
          - value: "CoP18 Decision 18.219"
      species_covered:
        description: >-
          Scientific name of the species covered by this listing.
          May be at species, genus, or family level.
        range: string
        required: false
        examples:
          - value: "Raphus cucullatus"
            description: Extinct dodo (historical listing)
          - value: "Elephantidae"
            description: All elephant species (family-level listing)
      population_specific:
        description: >-
          Indicates if the listing applies to a specific population rather than
          the entire species. Some CITES listings are population-specific.
        range: boolean
        required: false
        examples:
          - value: true
            description: Population-specific listing (e.g., African elephant populations)
          - value: false
            description: Applies to all populations of the species
      exemption_note:
        description: >-
          Notes on any exemptions or special provisions that apply.
        range: string
        required: false
        examples:
          - value: "Pre-Convention specimens exempt with documentation"
          - value: "Captive-bred specimens listed as Appendix II"
    exact_mappings:
      - hc:CITESAppendix
    close_mappings:
      - schema:PropertyValue
    see_also:
      - https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php
      - https://speciesplus.net/
    examples:
      - value:
          has_or_had_type: APPENDIX_I
          has_or_had_label: "CITES Appendix I - Most Endangered"
          listing_effective_date: "1975-07-01"
          listing_authority: "CITES Secretariat"
          species_covered: "Loxodonta africana"
          population_specific: true
          exemption_note: "Some populations listed in Appendix II"
        description: African elephant CITES listing
      - value:
          has_or_had_type: NOT_LISTED
          has_or_had_label: "Not regulated under CITES"
          species_covered: "Raphus cucullatus"
          exemption_note: "Extinct species - historical specimens pre-date CITES"
        description: Dodo - extinct, not subject to CITES trade restrictions