id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/Collection name: collection_class title: Collection Class prefixes: linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/ hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/ crm: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/ rico: https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology# bf: http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/ dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ premis: http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v3/ prov: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov# schema: http://schema.org/ skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# wd: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/ edm: http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/ default_prefix: hc imports: - linkml:types - ./CustodianCollection - ./CollectionType - ./AccessPolicy - ./TimeSpan - ./FindingAid - ./ExhibitedObject - ./CurationActivity - ../slots/has_or_had_access_policy_reference - ../slots/has_acquisition_date - ../slots/has_acquisition_method - ../slots/has_acquisition_source - ../slots/has_arrangement # REMOVED 2026-01-18: ../slots/collection_description - migrated to has_or_had_description + Description (Rule 53) - ../slots/has_or_had_description # REMOVED 2026-01-18: ../slots/collection_id - migrated to has_or_had_identifier + Identifier (Rule 53) - ../slots/has_or_had_identifier - ./Identifier # REMOVED 2026-01-18: ../slots/collection_name - migrated to has_or_had_label + Label (Rule 53) - ../slots/has_or_had_label - ./Label # REMOVED 2026-01-18: ../slots/collection_type_ref - migrated to is_or_was_categorized_as + CollectionType (Rule 53) - ../slots/has_or_had_curation_activity - ../slots/custodial_history - ../slots/digital_surrogate_url - ../slots/digitization_status - ../slots/extent - ../slots/extent_item - ../slots/has_or_had_finding_aid - ../slots/item - ../slots/is_or_was_sub_collection_of # was: parent_collection - migrated per Rule 53 (2025-01-15) - ../slots/part_of_custodian_collection - ../slots/has_or_had_provenance # was: provenance_statement - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-18) - ./Provenance - ./Description - ../slots/record_set_type - ../slots/has_or_had_sub_collection - ../slots/is_or_was_categorized_as # was: subject_area - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-17) - ../slots/has_or_had_content # was: temporal_coverage - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-16) - ./Content - ../slots/temporal_extent # was: valid_from + valid_to - migrated per Rule 53 # REMOVED 2026-01-14: valid_from + valid_to - migrated to temporal_extent (Rule 53) - ../slots/has_or_had_custodian_type - ../slots/specificity_annotation - ../slots/has_or_had_score # was: template_specificity - migrated per Rule 53 (2026-01-17) - ./SpecificityAnnotation - ./TemplateSpecificityScore # was: TemplateSpecificityScores - migrated per Rule 53 (2026-01-17) - ./TemplateSpecificityType - ./TemplateSpecificityTypes classes: Collection: class_uri: rico:RecordSet description: "Specific, inventoried heritage holdings with fine-grained cataloguing detail.\n\n**CRITICAL DISTINCTION**:\n\ \n| CustodianCollection | Collection (THIS CLASS) |\n|---------------------|------------------------|\n| Abstract/nominal\ \ reference | Specific, catalogued holdings |\n| Entire collection of a Custodian | Individual fonds, series, or named\ \ collections |\n| Vague (\"the museum's collection\") | Precise (\"the Van Gogh correspondence collection\") |\n| Top-level\ \ container | Nested within CustodianCollection |\n| crm:E78_Curated_Holding | rico:RecordSet |\n\n1. **RiC-O (Records\ \ in Contexts)**:\n - `rico:RecordSet` - \"A record set is a group of record(s), made and/or assembled\n by one\ \ or more agent(s), characterized by a common provenance and/or by being\n received/maintained by the same custodian.\"\ \n - Enables: series, fonds, sub-fonds, sub-series hierarchies\n - Properties: rico:hasRecordSetType, rico:hasExtent,\ \ rico:hasTemporalCoverage\n\n2. **CIDOC-CRM**:\n - Close mapping to crm:E78_Curated_Holding (at specific level)\n\ \ - crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing for physical collections\n\n3. **BIBFRAME**:\n - bf:Collection for library\ \ special collections\n - bf:Item for individual physical items within\n\n4. **Europeana Data Model**:\n - edm:ProvidedCHO\ \ for cultural heritage objects\n - edm:hasView for digital representations\n\n**HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE**:\n\n```\n\ Custodian (hub)\n │\n └── CustodianCollection (aspect - abstract/nominal)\n │\n └── Collection (THIS\ \ CLASS - specific holdings)\n ├── CollectionType (classification)\n ├── AccessPolicy (access\ \ restrictions)\n ├── has_or_had_sub_collection → Collection[] (nested hierarchy)\n │ \ \ └── Collection (sub-fonds, series, etc.)\n └── items → ExhibitedObject[] (individual objects)\n```\n\n\ **USE CASES**:\n\n1. **Archival Fonds**:\n ```yaml\n Collection:\n collection_name: \"Records of the Dutch East\ \ India Company (VOC)\"\n collection_type: FONDS\n record_set_type: rico:Fonds\n extent: \"1,250 linear\ \ meters\"\n temporal_coverage: \"1602-1799\"\n provenance: \"Dutch East India Company (VOC)\"\n ```\n\n2.\ \ **Museum Named Collection**:\n ```yaml\n Collection:\n collection_name: \"Drucker-Fraser Collection\"\n \ \ collection_type: NAMED_COLLECTION\n extent: \"125 artworks\"\n acquisition_method: \"Bequest (1937)\"\n\ \ access_policy: OPEN_ACCESS\n ```\n\n3. **Library Special Collection**:\n ```yaml\n Collection:\n collection_name:\ \ \"Medieval Manuscripts Collection\"\n collection_type: SPECIAL_COLLECTION\n bf_collection_type: bf:Collection\n\ \ extent: \"342 manuscripts, 12th-15th century\"\n temporal_coverage: \"1100-1500\"\n ```\n\n**PROVENANCE\ \ TRACKING**:\n\nCollection provenance is tracked through:\n- `provenance_statement` - Narrative provenance description\n\ - `custodial_history` - Chain of custody\n- `acquisition_method` - How acquired (purchase, donation, transfer, bequest)\n\ - `acquisition_date` - When acquired\n- `acquisition_source` - From whom acquired\n\n**ACCESS CONTROL**:\n\nCollections\ \ link to AccessPolicy for:\n- Open access (publicly available)\n- Restricted access (researchers only)\n- Closed access\ \ (temporary closure, embargo)\n- Partial access (portions available)\n" exact_mappings: - rico:RecordSet - wikidata:Q2668072 close_mappings: - crm:E78_Curated_Holding - bf:Collection - edm:ProvidedCHO related_mappings: - crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing - rico:Record - bf:Item slots: - has_or_had_access_policy_reference - has_acquisition_date - has_acquisition_method - has_acquisition_source - has_arrangement # REMOVED 2026-01-18: collection_description - migrated to has_or_had_description + Description (Rule 53) - has_or_had_description # REMOVED 2026-01-18: collection_id - migrated to has_or_had_identifier + Identifier (Rule 53) - has_or_had_identifier # REMOVED 2026-01-18: collection_name - migrated to has_or_had_label + Label (Rule 53) - has_or_had_label # REMOVED 2026-01-18: collection_type_ref - migrated to is_or_was_categorized_as + CollectionType (Rule 53) - is_or_was_categorized_as # was: collection_type_ref + subject_area - now unified categorization slot - has_or_had_curation_activity - custodial_history - has_or_had_custodian_type - digital_surrogate_url - digitization_status - extent - extent_item - has_or_had_finding_aid - item - is_or_was_sub_collection_of # was: parent_collection - migrated per Rule 53 (2025-01-15) - part_of_custodian_collection - has_or_had_provenance # was: provenance_statement - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-18) - record_set_type - specificity_annotation - has_or_had_sub_collection - is_or_was_categorized_as # was: subject_area - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-17) - has_or_had_score # was: template_specificity - migrated per Rule 53 (2026-01-17) - has_or_had_content # was: temporal_coverage - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-16) - temporal_extent # was: valid_from + valid_to - migrated per Rule 53 slot_usage: has_or_had_identifier: # was: collection_id - migrated per Rule 53 (2026-01-18) description: | MIGRATED from collection_id per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53, 2026-01-18). Unique identifier for this collection using Identifier class. Use identifier_scheme: COLLECTION_URI for collection URI identifiers. range: Identifier inlined: true required: true identifier: true examples: - value: identifier_scheme: COLLECTION_URI identifier_value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds" description: VOC fonds at the National Archives has_or_had_label: # was: collection_name - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-18) description: | MIGRATED from collection_name per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53/56, 2026-01-18). The name of this specific collection (e.g., "Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)"). Uses Label class for structured labeling. range: Label inlined: true required: true examples: - value: has_or_had_label: Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) description: Archival fonds name - value: has_or_had_label: Drucker-Fraser Collection description: Museum named collection - value: has_or_had_label: Medieval Manuscripts Collection description: Library special collection has_or_had_description: # was: collection_description - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-18) description: | MIGRATED from collection_description per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53/56, 2026-01-18). Narrative description of the collection's contents, scope, and significance. Uses Description class with description_type for type discrimination. Use description_type: "collection_description" to indicate collection narrative format. range: Description inlined: true required: false multivalued: true inlined_as_list: true examples: - value: description_text: "The VOC archives comprise the administrative records of the Dutch East India Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution in 1799. The fonds includes correspondence, resolutions, journals, accounts, ship's logs, and maps documenting trade relations across Asia." description_type: collection_description description: VOC archival fonds description # REMOVED 2026-01-18: collection_type_ref - migrated to is_or_was_categorized_as + CollectionType (Rule 53) # The collection type is now handled via is_or_was_categorized_as slot with CollectionType range record_set_type: range: uriorcurie examples: - value: rico:Fonds description: Archival fonds - value: rico:Series description: Archival series - value: rico:Collection description: Assembled collection extent: range: string examples: - value: 1,250 linear meters description: Archival extent - value: 125 artworks description: Museum extent - value: 342 manuscripts description: Library extent extent_item: range: integer examples: - value: 125 description: 125 artworks - value: 342 description: 342 manuscripts has_or_had_content: # was: temporal_coverage - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-16) range: Content multivalued: true inlined_as_list: true description: | Content scope of the collection including temporal, spatial, and topical coverage. MIGRATED from temporal_coverage per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53/56, 2026-01-16). Uses Content class which includes temporal_extent for time periods. examples: - value: has_or_had_label: "VOC Trade Records" temporal_extent: begin_of_the_begin: '1602-01-01' end_of_the_end: '1799-12-31' description: VOC records content with temporal coverage is_or_was_categorized_as: # was: subject_area + collection_type_ref - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-17, 2026-01-18) description: | MIGRATED from subject_area (2026-01-17) and collection_type_ref (2026-01-18) per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53/56). Unified categorization slot for: 1. Collection type classification (CollectionType instances) - REQUIRED 2. Subject area categorization (string values) - OPTIONAL Uses polymorphic range (uriorcurie) allowing both CollectionType references and subject strings. The first value SHOULD be a CollectionType for RiC-O RecordSetType alignment. range: uriorcurie multivalued: true required: true examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds description: Archival fonds (CollectionType) - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/special-collection description: Library special collection (CollectionType) - value: - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds - Colonial trade - Maritime history - Dutch East Indies description: VOC records - fonds type plus subject areas has_or_had_provenance: # was: provenance_statement - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-18) description: | Narrative provenance description for this collection. MIGRATED from provenance_statement per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53/56, 2026-01-18). Uses Provenance class with has_or_had_description for text content. Use description_type: "provenance_statement" to indicate RiC-O history format. required: false range: Provenance inlined: true examples: - value: has_or_had_description: - description_text: "The VOC archives were transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's dissolution in 1799. They were initially held by the Ministry of Colonies, then transferred to the Algemeen Rijksarchief (now Nationaal Archief) in 1856." description_type: provenance_statement description: VOC archives provenance narrative custodial_history: range: string multivalued: true examples: - value: - Dutch East India Company (1602-1799) - Ministry of Colonies (1799-1856) - Algemeen Rijksarchief (1856-2002) - Nationaal Archief (2002-present) description: VOC records custodial history has_acquisition_method: range: string examples: - value: TRANSFER description: Government transfer of VOC archives - value: BEQUEST description: Testamentary gift has_acquisition_date: range: date examples: - value: '1856-01-01' description: Transfer to Algemeen Rijksarchief has_acquisition_source: range: string examples: - value: Ministry of Colonies description: Source of VOC archives transfer - value: Estate of Anna Drucker-Fraser description: Source of bequest has_or_had_access_policy_reference: range: AccessPolicy examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access description: Publicly accessible - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/restricted-researchers description: Researchers only has_arrangement: range: string examples: - value: Organized by provenance, then chronologically within each creating office description: Archival has_arrangement - value: Arranged alphabetically by artist name description: Art collection has_arrangement has_or_had_finding_aid: range: FindingAid multivalued: true inlined_as_list: true examples: - value: - finding_aid_id: https://nde.nl/finding-aid/voc-inventory title: VOC Inventory finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory url: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02 description: VOC finding aid digitization_status: range: string examples: - value: PARTIAL description: 30% digitized digital_surrogate_url: range: uri multivalued: true examples: - value: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02/download description: Digital scans of VOC records is_or_was_sub_collection_of: range: Collection description: | Parent collection in hierarchical arrangement. MIGRATED from parent_collection slot per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53, 2025-01-15). examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds description: Series within VOC fonds has_or_had_sub_collection: range: Collection multivalued: true inlined_as_list: true examples: - value: - has_or_had_label: # was: collection_name (2026-01-18) has_or_had_label: Hoge Regering Batavia collection_type_ref: series - has_or_had_label: # was: collection_name (2026-01-18) has_or_had_label: Kamer Amsterdam collection_type_ref: series description: Series within VOC fonds item: range: ExhibitedObject multivalued: true inlined: false examples: - value: - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-anatomy-lesson - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-goldfinch description: Paintings in Mauritshuis collection has_or_had_curation_activity: range: CurationActivity multivalued: true inlined: false examples: - value: - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/activity/nationaal-archief-voc-digitization-2024 - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/activity/nationaal-archief-inventory-2025 description: Curation activities for VOC fonds part_of_custodian_collection: range: CustodianCollection required: true examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief description: Part of Nationaal Archief's overall collection temporal_extent: # was: valid_from + valid_to - migrated per Rule 53 description: | Collection validity period using CIDOC-CRM TimeSpan. MIGRATED from valid_from + valid_to per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53). range: TimeSpan inlined: true required: false examples: - value: begin_of_the_begin: '1856-01-01' description: Collection acquired in 1856 (no end date) has_or_had_custodian_type: equals_expression: '["hc:GalleryType", "hc:LibraryType", "hc:ArchiveOrganizationType", "hc:MuseumType", "hc:BioCustodianType", "hc:HolySacredSiteType"]' comments: - Collection represents SPECIFIC, CATALOGUED holdings (not abstract nominal references) - Distinct from CustodianCollection which is abstract/nominal - Enables fine-grained description using RiC-O, CIDOC-CRM, BIBFRAME ontologies - Supports hierarchical nesting (fonds → series → sub-series) - Links to CollectionType for classification and AccessPolicy for access control - Provenance tracking includes custodial_history, acquisition_method, has_acquisition_source - finding_aids replaces the simple finding_aid_url slot (2025-12-09) - items slot links to ExhibitedObject[] for individual collection objects (2026-01) - curation_activities slot links to CurationActivity[] for ongoing management (2026-01) see_also: - https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#RecordSet - http://www.cidoc-crm.org/html/cidoc_crm_v7.1.3.html#E78 - http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Collection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2668072 examples: - value: has_or_had_identifier: # was: collection_id - migrated per Rule 53 (2026-01-18) identifier_scheme: COLLECTION_URI identifier_value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds" has_or_had_label: # was: collection_name (2026-01-18) has_or_had_label: Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) has_or_had_description: # was: collection_description (2026-01-18) - description_text: "The VOC archives comprise the administrative records of the Dutch East India Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution in 1799." description_type: collection_description # REMOVED 2026-01-18: collection_type_ref - now unified in is_or_was_categorized_as (first item is CollectionType) record_set_type: rico:Fonds extent: 1,250 linear meters has_or_had_content: # was: temporal_coverage - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-16) - has_or_had_label: "VOC Administrative Records" temporal_extent: begin_of_the_begin: '1602-01-01' end_of_the_end: '1799-12-31' is_or_was_categorized_as: # was: subject_area + collection_type_ref - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-17, 2026-01-18) - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds # Collection type (first item) - Colonial trade - Maritime history - Dutch East Indies has_or_had_provenance: # was: provenance_statement - migrated per Rule 53/56 (2026-01-18) has_or_had_description: - description_text: "Transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's dissolution in 1799." description_type: provenance_statement acquisition_method: TRANSFER acquisition_date: '1856-01-01' acquisition_source: Ministry of Colonies has_or_had_access_policy_reference: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access arrangement: Organized by provenance, then chronologically has_or_had_finding_aid: - finding_aid_id: https://nde.nl/finding-aid/nationaal-archief-voc-inventory title: Inventory of the Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory url: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02 format: - EAD - HTML language: - nl - en digitization_status: PARTIAL part_of_custodian_collection: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief description: VOC archival fonds at Nationaal Archief