Europeana Data Model (EDM) vocabulary
type: Ontology
type: Vocabulary
preferred namespace prefix: edm
preferred namespace uri: http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/
description: The Europeana Data Model (EDM) is aimed at being an integration medium for collecting, connecting and enriching the descriptions provided by Europeana data providers. The RDF vocabulary for http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/ defines the elements introduced by EDM (as opposed to the ones EDM re-uses from other namespaces).
issued: 2010-03-25
modified: 2013-05-20
version info: 5.2.4
version notes: The present specification is based on the document "Definition of the Europeana Data Model elements", originally edited by Carlo Meghini. It is aligned with the version 5.2.4 of these EDM Definitions.
creator: Antoine Isaac
contributor: Participants of Europeana Version 1.0 Work Package on Further Specification of Functionality and Interoperability aspects of Europeana (WP3)
contributor: Nasos Drosopoulos
contributor: Vassilis Tzouvaras
contributor: Julia Iwanowa
contributor: Hugo Manguinhas
contributor: Martin Doerr
publisher: Europeana
related web page: http://europeanalabs.eu/wiki/EDMPrototypingTask11
example: data.europeana.eu
example: case-studies-edm
changes: ======= Changes between ontology file EDM version 5.2.4 (edm, was once EDM-v524-120820) and ontology file EDM version 5.2.3 (EDM-v523-120123) ======= 1. edm:isShownAt made a sub-property of edm:hasView 2. added edm:begin and edm:end and their mappings to CRM 3. added owl:Class declarations added for compatibility with some OWL-DL reasoners (feedback from Pedro Szekely, ISI) 4. added "of" at the end of the label for edm:isNextInSequence 5. added vocabulary metadata to follow Linked Open Vocabularies (http://lov.okfn.org/) and ADMS (https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/asset/adms/release/100) guidelines 6. removed a domain axiom on edm:hasMet 7. added edm:collectionName and edm:europeanaProxy 8. removed version number from file name 9. generalisation of Country, DataProvider and Provider 10. updated CRM namespace and CRM class and property identifiers 11. added FRBRoo mappings
to do list: ======= Remaining TODOs for ontology file EDM version 5.2.4 ======= - finish and check FRBRoo mappings according to the recommendations of the EDM-FRBRoo task force. Also include implicit mappings and mappings for elements outside the EDM namespace? - try to capture formal cardinality constraints resulting from "Obligation and Occurrence" documentation, which should be attached to non-EDM constructs (esp. ore:Aggregation) - continue adding documentation values (skos:scopeNote, skos:example, etc, according to 1.), starting from edm:InformationResource. Add all Europeana examples and rationale notes for non-EDM constructs - use specific EDM-doc properties for "rationale" and "obligation and occurrence". Use skos:definition for "Europeana definition", skos:example for "Example", skos:note for "Europeana note"

Antoine Isaac
type: Person

Nasos Drosopoulos
type: Person

Vassilis Tzouvaras
type: Person

Julia Iwanowa
type: Person

Martin Doerr
type: Person

Europeana
type: Organization

Agent
type: Class
definition: This class comprises people, either individually or in groups, who have the potential to perform intentional actions for which they can be held responsible.
example: Leonardo da Vinci, the British Museum, W3C
subclass of: Non-Information Resource
equivalent class: E39 Actor
scope note: Rationale: This class is a domain of edm:wasPresentAt

Europeana Aggregation
type: Class
definition: The set of resources related to a single Cultural Heritage Object that collectively represent that object in Europeana. Such set consists of: all descriptions about the object that Europeana collects from (possibly different) content providers, including thumbnails and other forms of abstractions, as well as of the description of the object Europeana builds.
subclass of: Europeana Object
subclass of: Aggregation
equivalent class: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: Aggregated Cultural Heritage Object
note: An instance of EuropeanaAggregation is created at ingestion time for each different Cultural Heritage Object recognized by Europeana. Such instance is associated to the Cultural Heritage Object that it is about, by the property edm:aggregatedCHO
scope note: Obligation and Occurence: The relation between the Cultural Heritage Objects represented in Europeana and the instances of the class EuropeanaAggregation is one-to-one, in the data maintained by Europeana: every Cultural Heritage Object is represented by an instance of EuropeanaAggregation, and every instance of EuropeanaAggregation represent a Cultural Heritage Object.
example: The painting Mona Lisa is a Cultural Heritage Object represented in Europeana by one EuropeanaAggregation instance
example: The journal "Le Temps" is a Cultural Heritage Object represented in Europeana by one EuropeanaAggregation instance
example: The 56th issue of "Le Temps" is a (different) Cultural Heritage Object represented in Europeana by another EuropeanaAggregation instance
scope note: Rationale: This class is used in Europeana to gather in a single conceptual unit all the information about a Cultural Heritage Object, necessary for all operations on these objects.

Europeana Object
type: Class
definition: Any object that is the result of Europeana’s activities
subclass of: Web Resource
example: Any instance of the class EuropeanaAggregation
example: An annotation created by a user through the Europeana portal
example: Any content created by the users through the service made available by Europeana for that purpose
scope note: Rationale: This class is used to tag objects that are the result of activity of Europeana, and, as such, objects on which Europeana holds rights

Event
type: Class
definition: An event is a change "of states in cultural, social or physical systems, regardless of scale, brought about by a series or group of coherent physical, cultural, technological or legal phenomena" (E5 Event in CIDOC CRM) or a "set of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations bounded in time and space" (E4 Period in CIDOC CRM)
subclass of: Non-Information Resource
equivalent class: E4 Period
equivalent class: Temporality
equivalent class: Event
equivalent class: F8 Event
subclass of: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: Happened At
note: Events are identified either by the content provider or by Europeana enrichment at ingestion time
example: the act of painting Mona Lisa
example: the 2nd World War
example: the change of custody of Mona Lisa
scope note: Rationale:This class is a domain of edm:happenedAt and the domain of edm:occurredAt

Information Resource
type: Class
definition: An information resource is a resource whose essential characteristics can be conveyed in a single message. It can be associated with a URI, it can have a representation, for example: a text is an InformationResource.
equivalent class: E89 Propositional Object
equivalent class: Class
  union of: Work
  union of: Expression
  union of: Manifestation
equivalent class: Class
  union of: F1 Work
  union of: F2 Expression
  union of: F3 Manifestation Product Type
  union of: F4 Manifestation Singleton

Non-Information Resource
type: Class
definition: All resources that are not information resources.
complement of: Information Resource

Physical Thing
type: Class
definition: A persistent physical item such as a painting, a building, a book or a stone. Persons are not items. This class represents Cultural Heritage Objects known to Europeana to be physical things (such as Mona Lisa) as well as all physical things Europeana refers to in the descriptions of Cultural Heritage Objects (such as the Rosetta Stone).
subclass of: Non-Information Resource
equivalent class: E18 Physical Thing

Place
type: Class
definition: An "extent in space, in particular on the surface of the earth, in the pure sense of physics: independent from temporal phenomena and matter" (CIDOC CRM)
subclass of: Non-Information Resource
equivalent class: space-region
equivalent class: Place
equivalent class: E53 Place
equivalent class: F9 Place

Provided CHO
type: Class
definition: This class comprises the Cultural Heritage objects that Europeana collects descriptions about.
subclass of: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: Property
    inverse of: Aggregated Cultural Heritage Object
note: This class has been mostly motivated by the need to assign a type to the “central node” in the EDM pattern, during the ingestion process, related to the XML expression of EDM at that stage. It was especially intended to fit the cases where edm:PhysicalThing cannot be used as the type of the resource standing for the real-world object (independently of any specific data contributor perspective).
example: Mona Lisa, Winged Victory of Samothrace
scope note: Rationale: This class is the range of edm:aggregatedCHO. A resource of type ProvidedCHO can be the subject of statements using edm:isRelatedTo or any more specific property.

Time Span
type: Class
definition: The class of "abstract temporal extents, in the sense of Galilean physics, having a beginning, an end and a duration" (CIDOC CRM)
subclass of: Non-Information Resource
subclass of: PeriodOfTime
equivalent class: Time
equivalent class: time-interval
equivalent class: E52 Time-Span

Web Resource
type: Class
definition: Information Resources that have at least one Web Representation and at least a URI.
subclass of: Information Resource

Aggregated Cultural Heritage Object
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property associates an ORE aggregation with the cultural heritage object(s) (CHO for short) it is about.
sub property of: aggregates
sub property of: subject
sub property of: P129 is about
domain: Aggregation
range: Provided CHO

Begin
type: DatatypeProperty
definition: This property denotes the start date of a period of time.
sub property of: Is Related To
domain: Class
  union of: Agent
  union of: Time Span

Collection Name
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property holds the collection identifier given to the dataset in Europeana.
note: The value of this property is provided by Europeana as part of the ingestion process.

Current Location
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The geographic location and/or name of the repository, building, site, or other entity whose boundaries presently include the resource.
sub property of: spatial
equivalent property: location
equivalent property: P55 has current location
domain: Class
  union of: Provided CHO
  union of: Class
    intersection of: Proxy
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: proxyFor
      some values from: Provided CHO
range: Place

End
type: DatatypeProperty
definition: This property denotes the end date of a period of time.
sub property of: Is Related To
domain: Class
  union of: Agent
  union of: Time Span

Europeana Proxy
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property serves only as a flag to indicate that a proxy is a Europeana proxy (as opposed to a provider proxy). It is for internal use only.
note: By default, any proxy without this flag can be interpreted as having the value false and is a provider proxy.

Happened At
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property associates an event with the place at which the event happened.
sub property of: relation
equivalent property: P7 took place at
domain: Event
range: Place

Has Met
type: Property
definition: edm:hasMet relates a resource with the objects or phenomena that have happened to or have happened together with the resource under consideration. We can abstractly think of history and the present as a series of “meetings” between people and other things in space-time. Therefore we name this relationship as the things the object “has met” in the course of its existence. These meetings are events in the proper sense, in which other people and things participate in any role.
sub property of: relation

Has Type
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property relates a resource with the concepts it belongs to in a suitable type system such as MIME or any thesaurus that captures categories of objects in a given field (e.g., the “Objects” facet in Getty’s Art and Architecture Thesaurus). It does not capture aboutness.
sub property of: Is Related To
equivalent property: P2 has type
domain: Class
  union of: Provided CHO
  union of: Class
    intersection of: Proxy
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: proxyFor
      some values from: Provided CHO
range: Non-Information Resource

Has View
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property relates a ORE aggregation about a CHO with a web resource providing a view of that CHO. Examples of view are: a thumbnail, a textual abstract and a table of contents. The ORE aggregation may be a Europeana Aggregation, in which case the view is an object owned by Europeana (i.e., an instance of edm:EuropeanaObject) or an aggregation contributed by a content provider. In order to capture both these cases, the domain of edm:hasView is ore:Aggregation and its range is edm:WebResource
sub property of: aggregates
domain: Aggregation
range: Web Resource

Incorporates
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property captures the use of some resource to add value to another resource. Such resources may be nested, such as performing a theater play text, and then recording the performance, or creating an artful edition of a collection of poems or just aggregating various poems in an anthology. There may be no single part that contains ultimately the incorporated object, which may be dispersed in the presentation. Therefore, incorporated resources do in general not form proper parts. Incorporated resources are not part of the same resource, but are taken from other resources, and have an independent history. Therefore edm:incorporates is not a sub-property of dcterm:hasPart.
sub property of: Is Similar To
equivalent property: R14 incorporates

Is Annotation Of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property relates an annotation (a Europeana object) with the resource that it annotates.
sub property of: subject
sub property of: P67 refers to
domain: Europeana Object
range: Class
  union of: Provided CHO
  union of: Class
    intersection of: Proxy
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: proxyFor
      some values from: Provided CHO

Is Derivative Of
type: Property
definition: This property captures a narrower notion of derivation than edm:isSimilarTo, in the sense that it relates a resource to another one, obtained by reworking, reducing, expanding, parts or the whole contents of the former, and possibly adding some minor parts. Versions have an even narrower meaning, in that it requires common identity between the related resources. Translations, summaries, abstractions etc. do not qualify as versions, but do qualify as derivatives.
sub property of: Is Similar To
equivalent property: R2 is derivative of

Is Next In Sequence Of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: edm:isNextInSequence relates two resources S and R that are ordered parts of the same resource A, and such that S comes immediately after R in the order created by their being parts of A.
sub property of: relation

Is Related To
type: Property
definition: edm:isRelatedTo is the most general contextual property in EDM. Contextual properties have typically to do either with the things that have happened to or together with the object under consideration, or what the object refers to by its shape, form or features in a figural or encoded form. For sake of simplicity, we include in the contextual relationships also the scholarly classification, which may have either to do with the role and cultural connections of the object in the past, or its kind of structure, substance or contents as it can be verified at present.
domain: Class
  union of: Provided CHO
  union of: Class
    intersection of: Proxy
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: proxyFor
      some values from: Provided CHO

Is Representation Of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property associates an information resource to the resource (if any) that it represents
sub property of: subject
domain: Information Resource
sub property of: P138 represents

Is Similar To
type: Property
definition: The most generic derivation property, covering also the case of questionable derivation. Is Similar To asserts that parts of the contents of one resource exhibit common features with respect to ideas, shapes, structures, colors, words, plots, topics with the contents of the related resource. Those common features may be attributed to a common origin or influence (in particular for derivation), but also to more generic cultural or psychological factors.
sub property of: relation
equivalent property: P130 shows features of

Is Successor Of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property captures the relation between the continuation of a resource and that resource. This applies to a story, a serial, a journal etc. No content of the successor resource is identical or has a similar form with that of the precursor. The similarity is only in the context, subjects and figures of a plot. Successors typically form part of a common whole – such as a trilogy, a journal, etc.
sub property of: Is Similar To

Landing Page
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property captures the relation between a Europeana aggregation representing a cultural heritage object and a (reference) Web resource giving access to that object. Europeana provides the value for this property.
sub property of: aggregates
range: Web Resource

Occured At
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property associates an event to the smallest known time span that overlaps with the occurrence of that event
sub property of: relation
equivalent property: P4 has time-span
domain: Event
range: Time Span

Preview
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The URL of a thumbnail representing the digital object, generated by Europeana.
sub property of: Has View
range: Web Resource

Realizes
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property describes a relation between a physical thing and the information resource that is contained in it, visible at it or otherwise carried by it, if applicable.
sub property of: Is Related To
equivalent property: P128 carries
domain: Physical Thing
range: Information Resource

Was Present At
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This property associates the people, things or information resources with an event at which they were present
sub property of: relation
equivalent property: P12i was present at
domain: Class
  union of: Agent
  union of: Information Resource
  union of: Physical Thing
range: Event

Country
type: Property
sub property of: P12 occurred in the presence of

Data Provider
type: Property
definition: The name or identifier of the organisation who contributes data indirectly to an aggregation service (e.g. Europeana).
sub property of: provenance
domain: Aggregation
range: Agent

Is Shown At
type: ObjectProperty
definition: An unambiguous URL reference to the digital object on the provider’s web site in its full information context.
sub property of: Has View
range: Web Resource

Is Shown By
type: ObjectProperty
definition: An unambiguous URL reference to the digital object on the provider’s web site in the best available resolution/quality.
sub property of: Has View
range: Web Resource

Europeana Language
type: Property
definition: The value for this element is added by the Data Ingestion Team as part of the ingestion process, based on the language of the data provider.

Object
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The URL of a thumbnail representing the digital object or, if there is no such thumbnail, the URL of the digital object in the best resolution available on the web site of the data provider from which a thumbnail could be generated. This will often be the same URL as given in edm:isShownBy.
sub property of: Has View
range: Web Resource

Provider
type: Property
definition: The name or identifier of the organization who delivers data directly to an aggregation service (e.g. Europeana)
sub property of: Has Met
range: Agent

Europeana Rights
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Information about copyright of the digital object as specified by isShownBy and isShownAt

Europeana Type
type: DatatypeProperty
definition: The Europeana material type of the resource
sub property of: type
range: Datatype
  one of: TEXT
  one of: IMAGE
  one of: SOUND
  one of: VIDEO
  one of: 3D

UGC
type: DatatypeProperty
definition: This element is used to identify user generated content (also called user created content). It should be applied to all digitised or born digital content contributed by the general public and collected by Europeana through a crowdsourcing initiative or project.
range: Datatype
  one of: TRUE

Unstored
type: Property
definition: This is a container element which includes all relevant information that otherwise cannot be mapped to another element in the ESE.

Europeana URI
type: ObjectProperty
definition: This is a tag created by a user through the Europeana interface.

User Tag
type: Property
definition: This is a tag created by a user through the Europeana interface.
sub property of: description

Europeana Year
type: Property
definition: A point of time associated with an event in the life of the original analog or born digital object.
sub property of: temporal