# Collection Class - Specific, inventoried heritage holdings # # This class represents SPECIFIC, CATALOGUED holdings within a heritage custodian. # # CRITICAL DISTINCTION from CustodianCollection: # - CustodianCollection: Abstract/nominal reference to ENTIRE collection of a Custodian (vague) # - Collection: Specific, inventoried/catalogued holdings with fine-grained detail # # Wikidata references: # - Q2668072 (collection) - group of related items # - Q185583 (archive collection) - body of historical records # - Q1643722 (fonds) - archival unit reflecting provenance # # Generation date: 2025-12-08 id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/Collection name: collection_class title: Collection Class prefixes: linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/ hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/ crm: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/ rico: https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology# bf: http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/ dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ premis: http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v3/ prov: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov# schema: http://schema.org/ skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# wd: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/ edm: http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/ default_prefix: hc imports: - linkml:types - ./CustodianCollection - ./CollectionType - ./AccessPolicy - ./TimeSpan - ./FindingAid - ../slots/valid_from - ../slots/valid_to - ../slots/collection_name - ../slots/collection_description - ../slots/extent - ../slots/temporal_coverage - ../slots/digitization_status classes: Collection: class_uri: rico:RecordSet annotations: custodian_types: '["G", "L", "A", "M", "B", "H"]' custodian_types_rationale: "Collection is relevant to institutions that hold catalogued collections: Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums, Botanical gardens/zoos, Holy sites" description: | Specific, inventoried heritage holdings with fine-grained cataloguing detail. **CRITICAL DISTINCTION**: | CustodianCollection | Collection (THIS CLASS) | |---------------------|------------------------| | Abstract/nominal reference | Specific, catalogued holdings | | Entire collection of a Custodian | Individual fonds, series, or named collections | | Vague ("the museum's collection") | Precise ("the Van Gogh correspondence collection") | | Top-level container | Nested within CustodianCollection | | crm:E78_Curated_Holding | rico:RecordSet | **ONTOLOGY ALIGNMENT**: 1. **RiC-O (Records in Contexts)**: - `rico:RecordSet` - "A record set is a group of record(s), made and/or assembled by one or more agent(s), characterized by a common provenance and/or by being received/maintained by the same custodian." - Enables: series, fonds, sub-fonds, sub-series hierarchies - Properties: rico:hasRecordSetType, rico:hasExtent, rico:hasTemporalCoverage 2. **CIDOC-CRM**: - Close mapping to crm:E78_Curated_Holding (at specific level) - crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing for physical collections 3. **BIBFRAME**: - bf:Collection for library special collections - bf:Item for individual physical items within 4. **Europeana Data Model**: - edm:ProvidedCHO for cultural heritage objects - edm:hasView for digital representations **HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE**: ``` Custodian (hub) │ └── CustodianCollection (aspect - abstract/nominal) │ └── Collection (THIS CLASS - specific holdings) ├── CollectionType (classification) ├── AccessPolicy (access restrictions) ├── sub_collections → Collection[] (nested hierarchy) │ └── Collection (sub-fonds, series, etc.) └── items (individual objects - future extension) ``` **USE CASES**: 1. **Archival Fonds**: ```yaml Collection: collection_name: "Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)" collection_type: FONDS rico_record_set_type: rico:Fonds extent: "1,250 linear meters" temporal_coverage: "1602-1799" provenance: "Dutch East India Company (VOC)" ``` 2. **Museum Named Collection**: ```yaml Collection: collection_name: "Drucker-Fraser Collection" collection_type: NAMED_COLLECTION extent: "125 artworks" acquisition_method: "Bequest (1937)" access_policy: OPEN_ACCESS ``` 3. **Library Special Collection**: ```yaml Collection: collection_name: "Medieval Manuscripts Collection" collection_type: SPECIAL_COLLECTION bf_collection_type: bf:Collection extent: "342 manuscripts, 12th-15th century" temporal_coverage: "1100-1500" ``` **PROVENANCE TRACKING**: Collection provenance is tracked through: - `provenance_statement` - Narrative provenance description - `custodial_history` - Chain of custody - `acquisition_method` - How acquired (purchase, donation, transfer, bequest) - `acquisition_date` - When acquired - `acquisition_source` - From whom acquired **ACCESS CONTROL**: Collections link to AccessPolicy for: - Open access (publicly available) - Restricted access (researchers only) - Closed access (temporary closure, embargo) - Partial access (portions available) exact_mappings: - rico:RecordSet - wikidata:Q2668072 close_mappings: - crm:E78_Curated_Holding - bf:Collection - edm:ProvidedCHO related_mappings: - crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing - rico:Record - bf:Item slots: - collection_id - collection_name - collection_description - collection_type_ref - rico_record_set_type - extent - extent_items - temporal_coverage - subject_areas - provenance_statement - custodial_history - acquisition_method - acquisition_date - acquisition_source - access_policy_ref - arrangement - finding_aids - digitization_status - digital_surrogate_url - parent_collection - sub_collections - part_of_custodian_collection - valid_from - valid_to slot_usage: collection_id: slot_uri: dcterms:identifier description: | Unique identifier for this specific collection. Format: URI following NDE Heritage Custodian ontology conventions. range: uriorcurie required: true identifier: true examples: - value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds" description: "VOC fonds at the National Archives" collection_name: slot_uri: rico:title description: | Official name of this specific collection. RiC-O: title for the name of a RecordSet. Use the established collection name from finding aids, catalogs, or official documentation. range: string required: true examples: - value: "Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)" description: "Archival fonds name" - value: "Drucker-Fraser Collection" description: "Museum named collection" - value: "Medieval Manuscripts Collection" description: "Library special collection" collection_description: slot_uri: rico:scopeAndContent description: | Narrative description of the collection's contents, scope, and significance. RiC-O: scopeAndContent for detailed description of what the collection contains. range: string examples: - value: >- The VOC archives comprise the administrative records of the Dutch East India Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution in 1799. The fonds includes correspondence, resolutions, journals, accounts, ship's logs, and maps documenting trade relations across Asia. collection_type_ref: slot_uri: rico:hasRecordSetType description: | Classification of this collection from CollectionType hierarchy. RiC-O: hasRecordSetType links RecordSet to its classification. Provides semantic classification (fonds, series, special collection, etc.) distinguishing this Collection from generic CustodianCollection references. range: CollectionType required: true examples: - value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds" description: "Archival fonds" - value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/special-collection" description: "Library special collection" rico_record_set_type: slot_uri: rico:hasRecordSetType description: | Direct mapping to RiC-O RecordSetType vocabulary. Standard RiC-O record set types: - rico:Fonds - Archival fonds (provenance-based) - rico:Series - Archival series - rico:File - Archival file - rico:Collection - Assembled collection (not provenance-based) Use for RDF interoperability with archival systems. range: uriorcurie examples: - value: "rico:Fonds" description: "Archival fonds" - value: "rico:Series" description: "Archival series" - value: "rico:Collection" description: "Assembled collection" extent: slot_uri: rico:hasExtent description: | Quantitative description of collection size. RiC-O: hasExtent for size/quantity description. Use standard archival/library metrics: - Linear/running meters for archives - Number of items/objects for museums - Number of volumes/items for libraries range: string examples: - value: "1,250 linear meters" description: "Archival extent" - value: "125 artworks" description: "Museum extent" - value: "342 manuscripts" description: "Library extent" extent_items: slot_uri: schema:numberOfItems description: | Numeric count of items (when countable). Schema.org: numberOfItems for countable collections. Use when precise item count is known. range: integer examples: - value: 125 description: "125 artworks" - value: 342 description: "342 manuscripts" temporal_coverage: slot_uri: rico:hasTemporalCoverage description: | Time period covered by collection materials (NOT when collected). RiC-O: hasTemporalCoverage for date range of contents. Distinct from acquisition_date (when acquired) and valid_from/valid_to (when collection existed at custodian). range: TimeSpan examples: - value: start_date: "1602-01-01" end_date: "1799-12-31" description: "VOC records temporal coverage" subject_areas: slot_uri: dcterms:subject description: | Thematic subjects covered by the collection. Dublin Core: subject for thematic classification. Use controlled vocabularies where possible (AAT, LCSH, UNESCO thesaurus). range: string multivalued: true examples: - value: - "Colonial trade" - "Maritime history" - "Dutch East Indies" - "Spice trade" description: "VOC records subjects" provenance_statement: slot_uri: rico:history description: | Narrative description of collection provenance and history. RiC-O: history for provenance information. Describes how the collection was created, assembled, and transferred to current custodian. range: string examples: - value: >- The VOC archives were transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's dissolution in 1799. They were initially held by the Ministry of Colonies, then transferred to the Algemeen Rijksarchief (now Nationaal Archief) in 1856. custodial_history: slot_uri: rico:history description: | Chain of custody - sequence of custodians who held this collection. Lists previous custodians in chronological order. range: string multivalued: true examples: - value: - "Dutch East India Company (1602-1799)" - "Ministry of Colonies (1799-1856)" - "Algemeen Rijksarchief (1856-2002)" - "Nationaal Archief (2002-present)" description: "VOC records custodial history" acquisition_method: slot_uri: crm:P24i_changed_ownership_through description: | How the collection was acquired by current custodian. CIDOC-CRM: P24i_changed_ownership_through for acquisition event. Common methods: - PURCHASE: Bought from previous owner - DONATION: Gift from donor - BEQUEST: Testamentary gift - TRANSFER: Government/institutional transfer - DEPOSIT: Long-term loan - RESTITUTION: Return of looted/displaced materials range: string examples: - value: "TRANSFER" description: "Government transfer of VOC archives" - value: "BEQUEST" description: "Testamentary gift" acquisition_date: slot_uri: crm:P4_has_time-span description: | Date when collection was acquired by current custodian. range: date examples: - value: "1856-01-01" description: "Transfer to Algemeen Rijksarchief" acquisition_source: slot_uri: prov:wasAttributedTo description: | Entity from whom collection was acquired. PROV-O: wasAttributedTo for source attribution. range: string examples: - value: "Ministry of Colonies" description: "Source of VOC archives transfer" - value: "Estate of Anna Drucker-Fraser" description: "Source of bequest" access_policy_ref: slot_uri: premis:hasRightsDeclaration description: | Access policy governing this collection. Links to AccessPolicy class defining access conditions. PREMIS: hasRightsDeclaration for access rights. range: AccessPolicy examples: - value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access" description: "Publicly accessible" - value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/restricted-researchers" description: "Researchers only" arrangement: slot_uri: rico:hasArrangement description: | Intellectual arrangement or classification system. RiC-O: hasArrangement for organizational structure. Describes how the collection is organized: - Provenance-based (archival) - Chronological - Subject-based - Alphabetical range: string examples: - value: "Organized by provenance, then chronologically within each creating office" description: "Archival arrangement" - value: "Arranged alphabetically by artist name" description: "Art collection arrangement" finding_aids: slot_uri: rico:isDescribedBy description: | Finding aids describing this collection. RiC-O: isDescribedBy links RecordSet to its descriptive tools. **Replaces the previous simple `finding_aid_url` slot.** Collections may have multiple finding aids of different types: - Archival inventory (detailed item/folder listing) - Repository guide (overview description) - Online catalog (searchable database) - Published bibliography Each FindingAid object includes: - `finding_aid_type_ref` → FindingAidType (Inventory, Catalogue, Guide, etc.) - `url` → Online access URL - `format` → EAD, PDF, HTML, ONLINE_DATABASE - `served_by` → DigitalPlatform hosting the finding aid **Example**: ```yaml finding_aids: - finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory title: "Inventory of VOC Records" url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02" format: ["EAD", "HTML"] - finding_aid_type_ref: RepositoryGuide title: "Guide to Colonial Archives" url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/colonial-guide.pdf" format: ["PDF"] ``` range: FindingAid multivalued: true inlined_as_list: true examples: - value: - finding_aid_id: "https://nde.nl/finding-aid/voc-inventory" title: "VOC Inventory" finding_aid_type_ref: "ArchivalInventory" url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02" description: "VOC finding aid" digitization_status: slot_uri: premis:hasRelatedStatementInformation description: | Current digitization status of this collection. Values: - NOT_DIGITIZED: No digital surrogates exist - PARTIAL: Some materials digitized - COMPLETE: Entire collection digitized - ONGOING: Active digitization project range: string examples: - value: "PARTIAL" description: "30% digitized" digital_surrogate_url: slot_uri: edm:hasView description: | URL to digital surrogate/representation of collection. EDM: hasView for digital representation. range: uri multivalued: true examples: - value: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02/download" description: "Digital scans of VOC records" parent_collection: slot_uri: rico:isOrWasIncludedIn description: | Parent collection (for hierarchical nesting). RiC-O: isOrWasIncludedIn for hierarchical containment. Enables fonds → series → sub-series → file hierarchy. range: Collection examples: - value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds" description: "Series within VOC fonds" sub_collections: slot_uri: rico:includesOrIncluded description: | Child collections (for hierarchical nesting). RiC-O: includesOrIncluded for hierarchical containment. Inverse of parent_collection. range: Collection multivalued: true inlined_as_list: true examples: - value: - collection_name: "Hoge Regering Batavia" collection_type_ref: "series" - collection_name: "Kamer Amsterdam" collection_type_ref: "series" description: "Series within VOC fonds" part_of_custodian_collection: slot_uri: crm:P46i_forms_part_of description: | The abstract CustodianCollection this specific Collection belongs to. Links specific holdings back to the nominal/abstract collection aspect. CIDOC-CRM: P46i_forms_part_of for part-whole relationship. range: CustodianCollection required: true examples: - value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief" description: "Part of Nationaal Archief's overall collection" valid_from: slot_uri: schema:validFrom description: | Date when this collection began at current custodian. range: date valid_to: slot_uri: schema:validThrough description: | Date when this collection ended at current custodian (if transferred/deaccessioned). range: date comments: - "Collection represents SPECIFIC, CATALOGUED holdings (not abstract nominal references)" - "Distinct from CustodianCollection which is abstract/nominal" - "Enables fine-grained description using RiC-O, CIDOC-CRM, BIBFRAME ontologies" - "Supports hierarchical nesting (fonds → series → sub-series)" - "Links to CollectionType for classification and AccessPolicy for access control" - "Provenance tracking includes custodial_history, acquisition_method, acquisition_source" - "finding_aids replaces the simple finding_aid_url slot (2025-12-09)" see_also: - "https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#RecordSet" - "http://www.cidoc-crm.org/html/cidoc_crm_v7.1.3.html#E78" - "http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Collection" - "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2668072" examples: - value: collection_id: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds" collection_name: "Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)" collection_description: >- The VOC archives comprise the administrative records of the Dutch East India Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution in 1799. collection_type_ref: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds" rico_record_set_type: "rico:Fonds" extent: "1,250 linear meters" temporal_coverage: start_date: "1602-01-01" end_date: "1799-12-31" subject_areas: - "Colonial trade" - "Maritime history" - "Dutch East Indies" provenance_statement: >- Transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's dissolution in 1799. acquisition_method: "TRANSFER" acquisition_date: "1856-01-01" acquisition_source: "Ministry of Colonies" access_policy_ref: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access" arrangement: "Organized by provenance, then chronologically" finding_aids: - finding_aid_id: "https://nde.nl/finding-aid/nationaal-archief-voc-inventory" title: "Inventory of the Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)" finding_aid_type_ref: "ArchivalInventory" url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02" format: ["EAD", "HTML"] language: ["nl", "en"] digitization_status: "PARTIAL" part_of_custodian_collection: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief" description: "VOC archival fonds at Nationaal Archief" # Basic slot definitions (detailed in class slot_usage) slots: collection_id: description: Unique identifier for this collection range: uriorcurie # collection_name: imported from ../slots/collection_name # collection_description: imported from ../slots/collection_description collection_type_ref: description: Classification from CollectionType hierarchy range: CollectionType rico_record_set_type: description: RiC-O RecordSetType vocabulary mapping range: uriorcurie # extent: imported from ../slots/extent extent_items: description: Numeric item count range: integer # temporal_coverage: imported from ../slots/temporal_coverage subject_areas: description: Thematic subjects range: string multivalued: true provenance_statement: description: Provenance narrative range: string custodial_history: description: Chain of custody range: string multivalued: true acquisition_method: description: How collection was acquired range: string acquisition_date: description: When collection was acquired range: date acquisition_source: description: From whom collection was acquired range: string access_policy_ref: description: Access policy governing collection range: AccessPolicy arrangement: description: Intellectual arrangement system range: string finding_aids: description: Finding aids describing this collection range: FindingAid multivalued: true slot_uri: rico:isDescribedBy # digitization_status: imported from ../slots/digitization_status digital_surrogate_url: description: URL to digital surrogate range: uri multivalued: true parent_collection: description: Parent collection (hierarchical) range: Collection sub_collections: description: Child collections (hierarchical) range: Collection multivalued: true part_of_custodian_collection: description: Link to abstract CustodianCollection range: CustodianCollection