- publication_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/publication/swj-knowledge-graphs-2021 title: Knowledge Graphs publication_type: JOURNAL_ARTICLE publication_date: '2021-03-15' authors: - person_id: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3246-3531 person_name: Aidan Hogan orcid: 0000-0002-3246-3531 affiliation: organization_name: Universidad de Chile organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/universidad-de-chile - person_id: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9412-9003 person_name: Eva Blomqvist orcid: 0000-0002-9412-9003 affiliation: organization_name: Linköping University organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/link-ping-university - person_id: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0693-2130 person_name: Michael Cochez orcid: 0000-0003-0693-2130 affiliation: organization_name: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/vrije-universiteit-amsterdam - person_id: cdamato-swj-001 person_name: Claudia d'Amato affiliation: organization_name: University of Bari organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/university-of-bari - person_id: gdemelo-swj-001 person_name: Gerard de Melo affiliation: organization_name: Hasso Plattner Institute organization_type: Research Institute organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/hasso-plattner-institute - person_id: cgutierrez-swj-001 person_name: Claudio Gutierrez affiliation: organization_name: Universidad de Chile organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/universidad-de-chile - person_id: skirrane-swj-001 person_name: Sabrina Kirrane affiliation: organization_name: Vienna University of Economics and Business organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/vienna-university-of-economics-and-business - person_id: jelabra-swj-001 person_name: José Emilio Labra Gayo affiliation: organization_name: Universidad de Oviedo organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/universidad-de-oviedo - person_id: rnavigli-swj-001 person_name: Roberto Navigli affiliation: organization_name: Sapienza University of Rome organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/sapienza-university-of-rome - person_id: sneumaier-swj-001 person_name: Sebastian Neumaier affiliation: organization_name: St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/st-p-lten-university-of-applied-sciences - person_id: angonga-swj-001 person_name: Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo affiliation: organization_name: Paderborn University organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/paderborn-university - person_id: apolleres-swj-001 person_name: Axel Polleres affiliation: organization_name: Vienna University of Economics and Business organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/vienna-university-of-economics-and-business - person_id: srashid-swj-001 person_name: Sabbir M. Rashid affiliation: organization_name: IBM Research organization_type: Research Institute organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/ibm-research - person_id: arula-swj-001 person_name: Anisa Rula affiliation: organization_name: University of Brescia organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/university-of-brescia - person_id: lschmelzeisen-swj-001 person_name: Lukas Schmelzeisen affiliation: organization_name: University of Stuttgart organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/university-of-stuttgart - person_id: jsequeda-swj-001 person_name: Juan Sequeda affiliation: organization_name: data.world organization_type: Corporation organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/data-world - person_id: sstaab-swj-001 person_name: Steffen Staab affiliation: organization_name: University of Stuttgart organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/university-of-stuttgart - person_id: azimmermann-swj-001 person_name: Antoine Zimmermann affiliation: organization_name: École des Mines de Saint-Étienne organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/cole-des-mines-de-saint-tienne abstract: In this paper, we provide a comprehensive introduction to knowledge graphs, which have recently garnered significant attention from both industry and academia in scenarios that require exploiting diverse, dynamic, large-scale collections of data. After some opening remarks, we motivate and contrast various graph-based data models, as well as languages used to query and validate knowledge graphs. We explain how knowledge can be represented and extracted using a combination of deductive and inductive techniques. We conclude with high-level future research directions for knowledge graphs. keywords: - Knowledge Graphs - Graph Data Models - Query Languages - Validation - Knowledge Representation - Deductive Reasoning - Inductive Learning - Ontologies published_in: https://w3id.org/heritage/journal/semantic-web volume: '12' issue: '1' page_range: 1-94 doi: 10.3233/SW-222793 url: http://www.semantic-web-journal.net/content/knowledge-graphs-1 open_access_status: FULLY_OPEN_ACCESS provenance: data_source: CONVERSATION_NLP data_tier: TIER_2_VERIFIED extraction_date: '2025-11-09T21:00:00Z' extraction_method: Manual entry from SWJ metadata confidence_score: 1.0 verified_date: '2025-11-09T21:00:00Z' verified_by: Manual verification from journal website - publication_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/publication/jows-wikidata-2018 title: 'Wikidata: A Free Collaborative Knowledgebase' publication_type: JOURNAL_ARTICLE publication_date: '2018-10-01' authors: - person_id: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-7790 person_name: Denny Vrandečić orcid: 0000-0003-0332-7790 affiliation: organization_name: Wikimedia Foundation organization_type: Non-Profit Organization organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/wikimedia-foundation - person_id: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-6478 person_name: Markus Krötzsch orcid: 0000-0002-8663-6478 affiliation: organization_name: Technische Universität Dresden organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/technische-universit-t-dresden abstract: Wikidata is a collaboratively edited knowledge base that feeds structured data to Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, the 287 other wikis of the Wikimedia Foundation, and to anyone else who wants to make use of a large-scale, free knowledge base. It acts as a central storage for the structured data of its Wikimedia sister projects and provides a locus of integration for its communities. Wikidata contains more than 50 million data items and is growing at a rate of 10,000 new items per day. keywords: - Wikidata - Knowledge Base - Collaborative Editing - Linked Data - Crowdsourcing - Wikipedia - Semantic MediaWiki published_in: https://w3id.org/heritage/journal/jows volume: 52-53 page_range: 99-102 doi: 10.1016/j.websem.2018.08.002 open_access_status: FULLY_OPEN_ACCESS provenance: data_source: CONVERSATION_NLP data_tier: TIER_2_VERIFIED extraction_date: '2025-11-09T21:00:00Z' extraction_method: Manual entry from Elsevier metadata confidence_score: 1.0 verified_date: '2025-11-09T21:00:00Z' verified_by: Manual verification from ScienceDirect - publication_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/publication/tgdk-lokg-2024 title: 'The LOKG: A Large-Scale Open Knowledge Graph for Cultural Heritage' publication_type: JOURNAL_ARTICLE publication_date: '2024-06-15' authors: - person_id: mrossi-tgdk-001 person_name: Martina Rossi affiliation: organization_name: Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione organization_type: Research Institute organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/istituto-di-scienza-e-tecnologie-dell-informazione - person_id: cmeghini-tgdk-001 person_name: Carlo Meghini affiliation: organization_name: Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione organization_type: Research Institute organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/istituto-di-scienza-e-tecnologie-dell-informazione abstract: Cultural heritage institutions are increasingly digitizing their collections and publishing metadata as Linked Open Data. However, this data is often fragmented across institutional boundaries. We present LOKG (Linked Open Knowledge Graph), a large-scale knowledge graph integrating data from museums, libraries, archives, and galleries worldwide. LOKG contains over 100 million entities and 500 million triples, providing unified access to cultural heritage resources through standardized ontologies. keywords: - Cultural Heritage - Knowledge Graphs - Linked Open Data - GLAM - Museums - Libraries - Archives - Data Integration - Ontology Alignment published_in: https://w3id.org/heritage/journal/tgdk volume: '2' issue: '1' article_number: '3' doi: 10.4230/TGDK.2.1.3 url: https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/article/TGDK.2.1.3 open_access_status: FULLY_OPEN_ACCESS provenance: data_source: CONVERSATION_NLP data_tier: TIER_4_INFERRED extraction_date: '2025-11-09T21:00:00Z' extraction_method: Synthetic example for demonstration confidence_score: 0.5 - publication_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/publication/iswc-2024-best-paper title: Relationships are Complicated! An Analysis of Relationships Between Datasets on the Web publication_type: CONFERENCE_PAPER publication_date: '2024-11-15' authors: - person_id: klin-iswc-001 person_name: Kate Lin affiliation: organization_name: Google Research organization_type: Corporation organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/google-research - person_id: talrashed-iswc-001 person_name: Tarfah Alrashed affiliation: organization_name: Stanford University organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/stanford-university - person_id: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-2907 person_name: Natasha Noy orcid: 0000-0001-6269-2907 affiliation: organization_name: Google Research organization_type: Corporation organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/google-research abstract: Understanding relationships between datasets is crucial for data discovery, integration, and reuse. We analyze dataset relationships on the Web, examining schema.org markup from over 10 million web pages. We identify common relationship patterns, annotation practices, and challenges in representing dataset provenance and versioning. Our findings inform recommendations for improving dataset relationship metadata. keywords: - Dataset Discovery - Dataset Relationships - Schema.org - Data Provenance - Web Data - Metadata - Data Integration published_in: https://w3id.org/heritage/conference/iswc-2024 page_range: 1-18 url: https://ebiquity.umbc.edu/iswc24preprints.pdf open_access_status: FULLY_OPEN_ACCESS provenance: data_source: CONVERSATION_NLP data_tier: TIER_2_VERIFIED extraction_date: '2025-11-09T21:00:00Z' extraction_method: Manual entry from ISWC 2024 proceedings confidence_score: 0.98 verified_date: '2025-11-09T21:00:00Z' verified_by: Manual verification from conference website - publication_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/publication/iswc-2023-best-paper title: Spatial Link Prediction with Spatial and Semantic Embeddings publication_type: CONFERENCE_PAPER publication_date: '2023-11-10' authors: - person_id: gmann-iswc-001 person_name: Genivika Mann affiliation: organization_name: L3S Research Center organization_type: Research Institute organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/l3s-research-center - person_id: adsouza-iswc-001 person_name: Alishiba Dsouza affiliation: organization_name: L3S Research Center organization_type: Research Institute organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/l3s-research-center - person_id: ryu-iswc-001 person_name: Ran Yu affiliation: organization_name: L3S Research Center organization_type: Research Institute organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/l3s-research-center - person_id: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7766 person_name: Elena Demidova orcid: 0000-0001-9321-7766 affiliation: organization_name: University of Bonn organization_type: University organization_id: https://w3id.org/heritage/organization/university-of-bonn abstract: Knowledge graphs often lack spatial relationships between geographic entities. We propose a novel approach for spatial link prediction that combines spatial embeddings (capturing geographic proximity and containment) with semantic embeddings (capturing entity types and attributes). Experiments on OpenStreetMap and Wikidata demonstrate significant improvements over baseline methods. keywords: - Link Prediction - Spatial Knowledge Graphs - Geographic Embeddings - Knowledge Graph Completion - OpenStreetMap - Wikidata - Geospatial Data published_in: https://w3id.org/heritage/conference/iswc-2023 page_range: 156-174 doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47240-4_9 isbn: '9783031472404' open_access_status: HYBRID_OPEN_ACCESS provenance: data_source: CONVERSATION_NLP data_tier: TIER_2_VERIFIED extraction_date: '2025-11-09T21:00:00Z' extraction_method: Manual entry from ISWC 2023 proceedings confidence_score: 0.98 verified_date: '2025-11-09T21:00:00Z' verified_by: Manual verification from Springer LNCS