id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/Collection name: collection_class title: Collection Class prefixes: linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/ hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/ crm: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/ rico: https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology# bf: http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/ dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ premis: http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v3/ prov: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov# schema: http://schema.org/ skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# wd: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/ edm: http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/ default_prefix: hc imports: - linkml:types - ./CustodianCollection - ./CollectionType - ./AccessPolicy - ./TimeSpan - ./FindingAid - ./ExhibitedObject - ./CurationActivity - ../slots/access_policy_ref - ../slots/has_acquisition_date - ../slots/has_acquisition_method - ../slots/has_acquisition_source - ../slots/has_arrangement - ../slots/collection_description - ../slots/collection_id - ../slots/collection_name - ../slots/collection_type_ref - ../slots/has_or_had_curation_activity - ../slots/custodial_history - ../slots/digital_surrogate_url - ../slots/digitization_status - ../slots/extent - ../slots/extent_item - ../slots/has_or_had_finding_aid - ../slots/item - ../slots/parent_collection - ../slots/part_of_custodian_collection - ../slots/provenance_statement - ../slots/record_set_type - ../slots/has_or_had_sub_collection - ../slots/subject_area - ../slots/temporal_coverage - ../slots/valid_from - ../slots/valid_to - ../slots/has_or_had_custodian_type - ../slots/specificity_annotation - ../slots/template_specificity - ./SpecificityAnnotation - ./TemplateSpecificityScores classes: Collection: class_uri: rico:RecordSet description: | Specific, inventoried heritage holdings with fine-grained cataloguing detail. **CRITICAL DISTINCTION**: | CustodianCollection | Collection (THIS CLASS) | |---------------------|------------------------| | Abstract/nominal reference | Specific, catalogued holdings | | Entire collection of a Custodian | Individual fonds, series, or named collections | | Vague ("the museum's collection") | Precise ("the Van Gogh correspondence collection") | | Top-level container | Nested within CustodianCollection | | crm:E78_Curated_Holding | rico:RecordSet | 1. **RiC-O (Records in Contexts)**: - `rico:RecordSet` - "A record set is a group of record(s), made and/or assembled by one or more agent(s), characterized by a common provenance and/or by being received/maintained by the same custodian." - Enables: series, fonds, sub-fonds, sub-series hierarchies - Properties: rico:hasRecordSetType, rico:hasExtent, rico:hasTemporalCoverage 2. **CIDOC-CRM**: - Close mapping to crm:E78_Curated_Holding (at specific level) - crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing for physical collections 3. **BIBFRAME**: - bf:Collection for library special collections - bf:Item for individual physical items within 4. **Europeana Data Model**: - edm:ProvidedCHO for cultural heritage objects - edm:hasView for digital representations **HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE**: ``` Custodian (hub) │ └── CustodianCollection (aspect - abstract/nominal) │ └── Collection (THIS CLASS - specific holdings) ├── CollectionType (classification) ├── AccessPolicy (access restrictions) ├── has_or_had_sub_collection → Collection[] (nested hierarchy) │ └── Collection (sub-fonds, series, etc.) └── items → ExhibitedObject[] (individual objects) ``` **USE CASES**: 1. **Archival Fonds**: ```yaml Collection: collection_name: "Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)" collection_type: FONDS record_set_type: rico:Fonds extent: "1,250 linear meters" temporal_coverage: "1602-1799" provenance: "Dutch East India Company (VOC)" ``` 2. **Museum Named Collection**: ```yaml Collection: collection_name: "Drucker-Fraser Collection" collection_type: NAMED_COLLECTION extent: "125 artworks" acquisition_method: "Bequest (1937)" access_policy: OPEN_ACCESS ``` 3. **Library Special Collection**: ```yaml Collection: collection_name: "Medieval Manuscripts Collection" collection_type: SPECIAL_COLLECTION bf_collection_type: bf:Collection extent: "342 manuscripts, 12th-15th century" temporal_coverage: "1100-1500" ``` **PROVENANCE TRACKING**: Collection provenance is tracked through: - `provenance_statement` - Narrative provenance description - `custodial_history` - Chain of custody - `acquisition_method` - How acquired (purchase, donation, transfer, bequest) - `acquisition_date` - When acquired - `acquisition_source` - From whom acquired **ACCESS CONTROL**: Collections link to AccessPolicy for: - Open access (publicly available) - Restricted access (researchers only) - Closed access (temporary closure, embargo) - Partial access (portions available) exact_mappings: - rico:RecordSet - wikidata:Q2668072 close_mappings: - crm:E78_Curated_Holding - bf:Collection - edm:ProvidedCHO related_mappings: - crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing - rico:Record - bf:Item slots: - access_policy_ref - has_acquisition_date - has_acquisition_method - has_acquisition_source - has_arrangement - collection_description - collection_id - collection_name - collection_type_ref - has_or_had_curation_activity - custodial_history - has_or_had_custodian_type - digital_surrogate_url - digitization_status - extent - extent_item - has_or_had_finding_aid - item - parent_collection - part_of_custodian_collection - provenance_statement - record_set_type - specificity_annotation - has_or_had_sub_collection - subject_area - template_specificity - temporal_coverage - valid_from - valid_to slot_usage: collection_id: slot_uri: dcterms:identifier description: | Unique identifier for this specific collection. Format: URI following NDE Heritage Custodian ontology conventions. range: uriorcurie required: true identifier: true examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds description: VOC fonds at the National Archives collection_name: slot_uri: rico:title description: | Official name of this specific collection. RiC-O: title for the name of a RecordSet. Use the established collection name from finding aids, catalogs, or official documentation. range: string required: true examples: - value: Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) description: Archival fonds name - value: Drucker-Fraser Collection description: Museum named collection - value: Medieval Manuscripts Collection description: Library special collection collection_description: slot_uri: rico:scopeAndContent description: | Narrative description of the collection's contents, scope, and significance. RiC-O: scopeAndContent for detailed description of what the collection contains. range: string examples: - value: The VOC archives comprise the administrative records of the Dutch East India Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution in 1799. The fonds includes correspondence, resolutions, journals, accounts, ship's logs, and maps documenting trade relations across Asia. collection_type_ref: slot_uri: rico:hasRecordSetType description: | Classification of this collection from CollectionType hierarchy. RiC-O: hasRecordSetType links RecordSet to its classification. Provides semantic classification (fonds, series, special collection, etc.) distinguishing this Collection from generic CustodianCollection references. range: CollectionType required: true examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds description: Archival fonds - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/special-collection description: Library special collection record_set_type: slot_uri: rico:hasRecordSetType description: | Direct mapping to RiC-O RecordSetType vocabulary. Standard RiC-O record set types: - rico:Fonds - Archival fonds (provenance-based) - rico:Series - Archival series - rico:File - Archival file - rico:Collection - Assembled collection (not provenance-based) Use for RDF interoperability with archival systems. range: uriorcurie examples: - value: rico:Fonds description: Archival fonds - value: rico:Series description: Archival series - value: rico:Collection description: Assembled collection extent: slot_uri: rico:hasExtent description: | Quantitative description of collection size. RiC-O: hasExtent for size/quantity description. Use standard archival/library metrics: - Linear/running meters for archives - Number of items/objects for museums - Number of volumes/items for libraries range: string examples: - value: 1,250 linear meters description: Archival extent - value: 125 artworks description: Museum extent - value: 342 manuscripts description: Library extent extent_item: slot_uri: schema:numberOfItems description: | Numeric count of items (when countable). Schema.org: numberOfItems for countable collections. Use when precise item count is known. range: integer examples: - value: 125 description: 125 artworks - value: 342 description: 342 manuscripts temporal_coverage: slot_uri: rico:hasTemporalCoverage description: | Time period covered by collection materials (NOT when collected). RiC-O: hasTemporalCoverage for date range of contents. Distinct from has_acquisition_date (when acquired) and valid_from/valid_to (when collection existed at custodian). range: TimeSpan examples: - value: start_date: '1602-01-01' end_date: '1799-12-31' description: VOC records temporal coverage subject_area: slot_uri: dcterms:subject description: | Thematic subjects covered by the collection. Dublin Core: subject for thematic classification. Use controlled vocabularies where possible (AAT, LCSH, UNESCO thesaurus). range: string multivalued: true examples: - value: - Colonial trade - Maritime history - Dutch East Indies - Spice trade description: VOC records subjects provenance_statement: slot_uri: rico:history description: | Narrative description of collection provenance and history. RiC-O: history for provenance information. Describes how the collection was created, assembled, and transferred to current custodian. range: string examples: - value: The VOC archives were transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's dissolution in 1799. They were initially held by the Ministry of Colonies, then transferred to the Algemeen Rijksarchief (now Nationaal Archief) in 1856. custodial_history: slot_uri: rico:history description: | Chain of custody - sequence of custodians who held this collection. Lists previous custodians in chronological order. range: string multivalued: true examples: - value: - Dutch East India Company (1602-1799) - Ministry of Colonies (1799-1856) - Algemeen Rijksarchief (1856-2002) - Nationaal Archief (2002-present) description: VOC records custodial history has_acquisition_method: slot_uri: crm:P24i_changed_ownership_through description: | How the collection was acquired by current custodian. CIDOC-CRM: P24i_changed_ownership_through for acquisition event. Common methods: - PURCHASE: Bought from previous owner - DONATION: Gift from donor - BEQUEST: Testamentary gift - TRANSFER: Government/institutional transfer - DEPOSIT: Long-term loan - RESTITUTION: Return of looted/displaced materials range: string examples: - value: TRANSFER description: Government transfer of VOC archives - value: BEQUEST description: Testamentary gift has_acquisition_date: slot_uri: crm:P4_has_time-span description: | Date when collection was acquired by current custodian. range: date examples: - value: '1856-01-01' description: Transfer to Algemeen Rijksarchief has_acquisition_source: slot_uri: prov:wasAttributedTo description: | Entity from whom collection was acquired. PROV-O: wasAttributedTo for source attribution. range: string examples: - value: Ministry of Colonies description: Source of VOC archives transfer - value: Estate of Anna Drucker-Fraser description: Source of bequest has_access_policy_reference: slot_uri: premis:hasRightsDeclaration description: | Access policy governing this collection. Links to AccessPolicy class defining access conditions. PREMIS: hasRightsDeclaration for access rights. range: AccessPolicy examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access description: Publicly accessible - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/restricted-researchers description: Researchers only has_arrangement: slot_uri: rico:hasArrangement description: | Intellectual has_arrangement or classification system. RiC-O: hasArrangement for organizational structure. Describes how the collection is organized: - Provenance-based (archival) - Chronological - Subject-based - Alphabetical range: string examples: - value: Organized by provenance, then chronologically within each creating office description: Archival has_arrangement - value: Arranged alphabetically by artist name description: Art collection has_arrangement has_or_had_finding_aid: slot_uri: rico:isDescribedBy description: | Finding aids describing this collection. RiC-O: isDescribedBy links RecordSet to its descriptive tools. **Replaces the previous simple `finding_aid_url` slot.** Collections may have multiple finding aids of different types: - Archival inventory (detailed item/folder listing) - Repository guide (overview description) - Online catalog (searchable database) - Published bibliography Each FindingAid object includes: - `finding_aid_type_ref` → FindingAidType (Inventory, Catalogue, Guide, etc.) - `url` → Online access URL - `format` → EAD, PDF, HTML, ONLINE_DATABASE - `served_by` → DigitalPlatform hosting the finding aid **Example**: ```yaml has_or_had_finding_aid: - finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory title: "Inventory of VOC Records" url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02" format: ["EAD", "HTML"] - finding_aid_type_ref: RepositoryGuide title: "Guide to Colonial Archives" url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/colonial-guide.pdf" format: ["PDF"] ``` range: FindingAid multivalued: true inlined_as_list: true examples: - value: - finding_aid_id: https://nde.nl/finding-aid/voc-inventory title: VOC Inventory finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory url: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02 description: VOC finding aid digitization_status: slot_uri: premis:hasRelatedStatementInformation description: | Current digitization status of this collection. Values: - NOT_DIGITIZED: No digital surrogates exist - PARTIAL: Some materials digitized - COMPLETE: Entire collection digitized - ONGOING: Active digitization project range: string examples: - value: PARTIAL description: 30% digitized digital_surrogate_url: slot_uri: edm:hasView description: | URL to digital surrogate/representation of collection. EDM: hasView for digital representation. range: uri multivalued: true examples: - value: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02/download description: Digital scans of VOC records parent_collection: slot_uri: rico:isOrWasIncludedIn description: | Parent collection (for hierarchical nesting). RiC-O: isOrWasIncludedIn for hierarchical containment. Enables fonds → series → sub-series → file hierarchy. range: Collection examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds description: Series within VOC fonds has_or_had_sub_collection: slot_uri: rico:includesOrIncluded description: | Child collections (for hierarchical nesting). RiC-O: includesOrIncluded for hierarchical containment. Inverse of parent_collection. range: Collection multivalued: true inlined_as_list: true examples: - value: - collection_name: Hoge Regering Batavia collection_type_ref: series - collection_name: Kamer Amsterdam collection_type_ref: series description: Series within VOC fonds item: slot_uri: rico:hasOrHadConstituent description: | Individual ExhibitedObject items within this collection. RiC-O: hasOrHadConstituent for record-level items within a RecordSet. Links to fully-modeled ExhibitedObject entities with: - Creator attribution - Medium and dimensions - Provenance information - Conservation history - Exhibition history **Relationship to ExhibitedObject.part_of_collection**: This is the inverse relationship. Collection.items → ExhibitedObject[] corresponds to ExhibitedObject.part_of_collection → Collection. **Use Cases**: - Museum: Individual artworks in a named collection - Archive: Individual documents/files in a fonds/series - Library: Individual rare books in a special collection **Note**: For large collections, items may be linked by reference (URI) rather than inlined, to avoid excessive file sizes. range: ExhibitedObject multivalued: true inlined: false examples: - value: - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-anatomy-lesson - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-goldfinch description: Paintings in Mauritshuis collection has_or_had_curation_activity: slot_uri: crm:P147i_was_curated_by description: | Ongoing curation activities performed on this collection. CIDOC-CRM: P147i_was_curated_by links E78_Curated_Holding to E87_Curation_Activity. Links to CurationActivity instances representing ongoing collection management: - Accessioning and deaccessioning - Cataloging and inventory - Digitization projects - Condition surveys - Rehousing and storage reorganization - Provenance research **Relationship to CurationActivity.curated_holding**: This is the inverse relationship. Collection.curation_activities → CurationActivity[] corresponds to CurationActivity.curated_holding → Collection. **Use Cases**: - Track annual inventory cycles - Document digitization project progress - Record collection development activities - Monitor preservation activities **Distinct from**: - Exhibition: Time-bounded display events (use exhibitions slot) - ConservationRecord: Discrete treatment actions on objects - ProvenanceEvent: Ownership transfer events range: CurationActivity multivalued: true inlined: false examples: - value: - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/activity/nationaal-archief-voc-digitization-2024 - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/activity/nationaal-archief-inventory-2025 description: Curation activities for VOC fonds part_of_custodian_collection: slot_uri: crm:P46i_forms_part_of description: | The abstract CustodianCollection this specific Collection belongs to. Links specific holdings back to the nominal/abstract collection aspect. CIDOC-CRM: P46i_forms_part_of for part-whole relationship. range: CustodianCollection required: true examples: - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief description: Part of Nationaal Archief's overall collection valid_from: slot_uri: schema:validFrom description: | Date when this collection began at current custodian. range: date valid_to: slot_uri: schema:validThrough description: | Date when this collection ended at current custodian (if transferred/deaccessioned). range: date has_or_had_custodian_type: equals_expression: '["hc:GalleryType", "hc:LibraryType", "hc:ArchiveOrganizationType", "hc:MuseumType", "hc:BioCustodianType", "hc:HolySacredSiteType"]' specificity_annotation: range: SpecificityAnnotation inlined: true template_specificity: range: TemplateSpecificityScores inlined: true comments: - Collection represents SPECIFIC, CATALOGUED holdings (not abstract nominal references) - Distinct from CustodianCollection which is abstract/nominal - Enables fine-grained description using RiC-O, CIDOC-CRM, BIBFRAME ontologies - Supports hierarchical nesting (fonds → series → sub-series) - Links to CollectionType for classification and AccessPolicy for access control - Provenance tracking includes custodial_history, acquisition_method, has_acquisition_source - finding_aids replaces the simple finding_aid_url slot (2025-12-09) - items slot links to ExhibitedObject[] for individual collection objects (2026-01) - curation_activities slot links to CurationActivity[] for ongoing management (2026-01) see_also: - https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#RecordSet - http://www.cidoc-crm.org/html/cidoc_crm_v7.1.3.html#E78 - http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Collection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2668072 examples: - value: collection_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds collection_name: Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) collection_description: The VOC archives comprise the administrative records of the Dutch East India Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution in 1799. collection_type_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds record_set_type: rico:Fonds extent: 1,250 linear meters temporal_coverage: start_date: '1602-01-01' end_date: '1799-12-31' subject_area: - Colonial trade - Maritime history - Dutch East Indies provenance_statement: Transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's dissolution in 1799. acquisition_method: TRANSFER acquisition_date: '1856-01-01' acquisition_source: Ministry of Colonies access_policy_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access arrangement: Organized by provenance, then chronologically has_or_had_finding_aid: - finding_aid_id: https://nde.nl/finding-aid/nationaal-archief-voc-inventory title: Inventory of the Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory url: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02 format: - EAD - HTML language: - nl - en digitization_status: PARTIAL part_of_custodian_collection: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief description: VOC archival fonds at Nationaal Archief # NOTE: All slots are defined in centralized modules/slots/ files # Slots used by this class: collection_id, collection_type_ref, record_set_type, # extent_items, subject_areas, provenance_statement, custodial_history, acquisition_source, # access_policy_ref, arrangement, finding_aids, digital_surrogate_url, parent_collection, # has_or_had_sub_collection, items, curation_activities, part_of_custodian_collection