glam/data/custodian/PS-GZ-GAZ-H-CSP.yaml

original_entry:
  id: PS-HER-048
  name: Church of Saint Porphyrius
  name_arabic: كنيسة القديس برفيريوس
  type: GRP.HER.HOL
  subtype: holy_sites
  country: PS
  city: Gaza City
  location: Zeitoun Quarter, Gaza City, Palestine
  confidence: 0.95
entry_index: PS-HER-048
processing_timestamp: '2025-12-08T20:45:00.000000+00:00'
enrichment_status: enriched
provenance:
  schema_version: 2.0.0
  generated_at: '2025-12-28T20:09:31.927363+00:00'
  sources:
    original_entry:
    - source_type: wikipedia_extraction
      data_tier: TIER_2_VERIFIED
      extraction_source:
      - unesco_cultural_heritage_list_gaza_2024
      - wikipedia_destruction_cultural_heritage_gaza
    - source_type: wikidata_enrichment
      data_tier: TIER_3_CROWD_SOURCED
      wikidata_id: Q3584217
  data_tier_summary:
    TIER_1_AUTHORITATIVE: []
    TIER_2_VERIFIED:
    - unesco_cultural_heritage_list_gaza_2024
    - wikipedia_destruction_cultural_heritage_gaza
    - the_art_newspaper_2024
    TIER_3_CROWD_SOURCED:
    - wikidata
    TIER_4_INFERRED: []
  notes:
  - Oldest active church in Gaza, founded 407 CE
  - Greek Orthodox church building
  - Damaged by multiple Israeli strikes in 2023-2024
  - 'Confidence score: 0.95'
  - Canonical location normalized on 2025-12-09T13:56:29Z
  enrichment_provenance:
    wikidata_enrichment:
      content_hash: sha256-SPPu7ilsUpBJMF3pWVqhVIWZC2GwQIEUccZaQ6Aapqo=
      verified_at: '2025-12-28T20:09:31.927334+00:00'
      wasDerivedFrom: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3584217
  provenance_schema_version: '2.0'
  standards_compliance:
  - W3C PROV-O
  - W3C SRI (content hashes)
conflict_status:
  status: damaged
  date: '2023-10-19'
  reported_date: '2023-10-20'
  description: The Church of Saint Porphyrius, the oldest active church in Gaza (founded 407 CE), was struck by Israeli airstrikes in October 2023 and August 2024. The October 2023 strike killed at least 18 people seeking shelter in the church compound. The August 2024 strike caused additional damage. Despite the attacks, the church building has survived.
  sources:
  - The Art Newspaper (August 2024)
  - UNESCO verified list of damaged/destroyed cultural sites (4 November 2025)
  - Multiple news sources
time_of_destruction:
  date: '2023-10-19'
  reported_date: '2023-10-20'
  description: First Israeli strike on October 19, 2023 killed at least 18 people (some reports say 17) who were sheltering in the church compound. Hundreds of Christians and Muslims had taken refuge there. A second strike occurred in August 2024. The historic church building has sustained damage but remains standing.
  sources:
  - The Art Newspaper - "Gaza's historic Greek Orthodox church survives second Israeli strike"
  - Multiple international news sources
custodian_name:
  claim_type: custodian_name
  claim_value: Church of Saint Porphyrius
  claim_value_arabic: كنيسة القديس برفيريوس
  emic_name: كنيسة القديس برفيريوس
  source: wikidata
  source_url: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3584217
  confidence: 0.95
  extraction_timestamp: '2025-12-08T20:45:00.000000+00:00'
ghcid:
  ghcid_current: PS-GZ-GAZ-H-CSP
  ghcid_original: PS-GZ-GAZ-H-CSP
  ghcid_uuid:
  ghcid_uuid_sha256:
  ghcid_numeric:
  location_resolution:
    method: WIKIDATA_COORDINATES
    country_code: PS
    region_code: GZ
    city_code: GAZ
    city_name: Gaza City
    geonames_id:
    wikidata_id: Q3584217
    resolution_date: '2025-12-08T20:45:00.000000+00:00'
    notes: Coordinates from Wikidata entity Q3584217
service_area:
  type: admin2
  country_code: PS
  admin1_code: PSE.1_1
  admin1_name: Gaza Strip
  admin2_name: Gaza
  source: GADM v4.1
  notes: Located in Zeitoun Quarter, Old City of Gaza
location:
  latitude: 31.503959
  longitude: 34.46203
  coordinate_provenance:
    source_type: WIKIDATA
    source_path: wikidata_enrichment.wikidata_coordinates
    original_timestamp: '2025-12-09T12:45:19.941746+00:00'
    api_endpoint: https://www.wikidata.org/w/rest.php/wikibase/v1
    entity_id: Q3584217
  city: Gaza City
  region_code: GZ
  country: PS
  normalization_timestamp: '2025-12-09T13:56:29.277155+00:00'
wikidata_enrichment:
  wikidata_entity_id: Q3584217
  api_metadata:
    api_endpoint: https://www.wikidata.org/w/rest.php/wikibase/v1
    fetch_timestamp: '2025-12-09T12:45:19.941746+00:00'
    user_agent: GLAMDataExtractor/1.1 (glam-data@example.com) Python/httpx
    enrichment_version: 2.0_full
    properties_found:
    - P625
    - P31
    - P571
    - P131
    - P17
    - P2013
    - P18
    - P373
    - P276
    - P856
  wikidata_labels:
    fr: église Saint-Porphyre de Gaza
    en: Church of Saint Porphyrius
    ar: كنيسة القديس برفيريوس
    es: iglesia de San Porfirio
    it: chiesa di San Porfirio
    el: Εκκλησία του Αγίου Πορφυρίου (Γάζα)
    arz: كنيسه القديس برفيريوس
    nb: St. Porfyrius' kirke
    be: царква Святога Парфірыя
    ru: церковь Святого Порфирия
    ca: església de sant Porfiri
    sl: cerkev sv. Porfirija
    eo: Preĝejo de Sankta Porfiro
    nl: kerk van Porphyrius van Gaza
    pl: cerkiew św. Porfiriusza w Gazie
    ja: 聖ポルフュリオス教会堂
    bn: সন্ত পোরফিরিয়াসের গির্জা
    en-us: Church of Saint Porphyrius
    de: St.-Porphyrius-Kirche
    cs: Kostel svatého Porfyria
    pt: Igreja de São Porfírio
    ko: 성 포르피리우스 교회
    eu: San Porfirioren eliza
    zh: 聖波斐利教堂
    fi: Pyhän Porfyrioksen kirkko
  wikidata_label_en: Church of Saint Porphyrius
  wikidata_label_nl: kerk van Porphyrius van Gaza
  wikidata_label_ja: 聖ポルフュリオス教会堂
  wikidata_label_de: St.-Porphyrius-Kirche
  wikidata_label_fr: église Saint-Porphyre de Gaza
  wikidata_label_es: iglesia de San Porfirio
  wikidata_descriptions:
    de: Kirchengebäude im Staat Palästina
    nl: kerkgebouw in Palestina
    es: iglesia en Gaza
    en: church building in Gaza City, State of Palestine
    he: כנסיית פורפיריוס הקדוש
    el: Ελληνορθόδοξος χριστιανικός ναός στη Γάζα (Παλαιστίνη)
    nb: kirke i Gaza
    be: царква ў Сектары Газа
    en-us: church building in Gaza City, State of Palestine
    sl: cerkvena stavba v mestu Gaza (Država Palestina)
    pl: budynek kościoła w Gazie, Palestyna
    ja: パレスティナのガザ地区にある教会堂
    it: chiesa ortodossa cristiana di Gaza
    bn: ফিলিস্তিন রাজ্যের গাজা শহরে গির্জা ভবন
    ca: església cristiana a Gaza
    fr: église chrétienne orthodoxe à Gaza
    cs: kostel v Gaze
    id: Gereja di Palestina
    zh: 巴勒斯坦建筑
    ar: كنيسة أرثوذكسية شرقية في حي الزيتون بمدينة غزة وهي أقدم كنيسة في المدينة
  wikidata_description_en: church building in Gaza City, State of Palestine
  wikidata_aliases:
    fr:
    - église Saint-Porphyre
    sl:
    - cerkev svetega Porfirija
    bn:
    - চার্চ অফ সেন্ট পোরফিরিয়াস
    zh:
    - 圣波菲里乌斯希腊东正教教堂
    - 圣波菲里乌斯教堂
  wikidata_sitelinks:
    frwiki: Église Saint-Porphyre de Gaza
    enwiki: Church of Saint Porphyrius
    arwiki: كنيسة القديس برفيريوس
    eswiki: Iglesia de San Porfirio
    itwiki: Chiesa di San Porfirio
    elwiki: Εκκλησία του Αγίου Πορφυρίου (Γάζα)
    srwiki: Црква Светог Порфирија у Гази
    cawiki: Església de Sant Porfiri
    hewiki: כנסיית פורפיריוס הקדוש
    commonswiki: Category:Saint Porphyrius Church (Gaza City)
    dewiki: St.-Porphyrius-Kirche
    mswiki: Gereja Santo Porphyrius
    zhwiki: 聖波斐利教堂
    ruwiki: Церковь Святого Порфирия (Газа)
    idwiki: Gereja Janasuci Porfirius
    cswiki: Kostel svatého Porfyria
    jawiki: 聖ポルフィリウス教会
    euwiki: San Porfirioren eliza
    nowiki: St. Porfyrios’ kirke i Gaza
    kowiki: 성 포르피리우스 교회
    thwiki: โบสถ์นักบุญโปร์ฟีริออส
    fiwiki: Pyhän Porfyrioksen kirkko
    arzwiki: كنيسة القديس برفيريوس
    urwiki: قدیس پورفیریوس گرجا گھر
    azwiki: Müqəddəs Porfiri kilsəsi (Qəzzə)
    ptwiki: Igreja de São Porfírio
  wikidata_temporal:
    inception: '1101-01-17'
  wikidata_inception: '1101-01-17'
  wikidata_classification:
    instance_of: &id001
    - id: Q16970
      label: church building
      description: building for Christian worship
    - id: Q7970362
      label: Greek Orthodoxy
      description: Christian denominations of the Eastern Orthodox Church descended from a Greek tradition
  wikidata_instance_of: *id001
  wikidata_location:
    coordinates: &id004
      latitude: 31.503959
      longitude: 34.46203
      precision: 0.0001
    located_in_admin_entity: &id003
      id: Q47492
      label: Gaza City
      description: ancient Levantine metropolis and modern city in Gaza Strip
    country: &id002
      id: Q219060
      label: Palestine
      description: country in West Asia
    location:
      id: Q17026465
      label: Al-Zaytun
      description: quarter of Gaza's old city
  wikidata_country: *id002
  wikidata_located_in: *id003
  wikidata_coordinates: *id004
  wikidata_web:
    official_website: https://www.facebook.com/Saint-Porphyrios-Orthodox-Church-_-Gaza
  wikidata_official_website: https://www.facebook.com/Saint-Porphyrios-Orthodox-Church-_-Gaza
  wikidata_social_media:
    facebook_id: Saint-Porphyrios-Orthodox-Church-_-Gaza
  wikidata_media:
    image: Saint Porphyrius Church, Gaza City.jpg
    commons_category: Saint Porphyrius Church (Gaza City)
  wikidata_image: Saint Porphyrius Church, Gaza City.jpg
  _provenance:
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      algorithm: sha256
      value: sha256-SPPu7ilsUpBJMF3pWVqhVIWZC2GwQIEUccZaQ6Aapqo=
      scope: enrichment_section
      computed_at: '2025-12-28T20:09:31.927334+00:00'
    prov:
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        name: wikidata_api_fetch
        used: https://www.wikidata.org/w/rest.php/wikibase/v1
      wasDerivedFrom: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3584217
    verification:
      status: verified
      last_verified: '2025-12-28T20:09:31.927348+00:00'
wikipedia_enrichment:
  source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip
  access_date: '2025-12-08'
  claims:
  - claim_type: date_constructed
    claim_value: 407 (rebuilt in the 12th century)
    source: Wikipedia citing The Art Newspaper
    confidence: 0.95
  - claim_type: heritage_type
    claim_value: Religious building (Greek Orthodox church)
    source: UNESCO verified list
    confidence: 0.95
  - claim_type: patron_saint
    claim_value: Saint Porphyrius of Gaza
    source: Wikipedia
    confidence: 0.95
  references:
  - citation_key: art_newspaper_2024
    url: https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/08/07/gazas-historic-greek-orthodox-church-survives-second-israeli-strike
    access_date: '2024-11-01'
    title: Gaza's historic Greek Orthodox church sustains second Israeli strike
    publisher: The Art Newspaper
    author: Sarvy Geranpayeh
    date: '2024-08-07'
description:
  en: The Church of Saint Porphyrius is the oldest active church in Gaza, originally built in 407 CE and rebuilt in the 12th century. It is named after Saint Porphyrius of Gaza (347-420 CE), who served as the Bishop of Gaza from 395 until his death and is credited with converting the pagan city to Christianity. The church is a Greek Orthodox church located in the Zeitoun Quarter of Gaza's Old City. During the 2023-2024 Israeli military operations, the church compound served as a shelter for hundreds of displaced people, both Christian and Muslim. On October 19, 2023, an Israeli airstrike hit the compound, killing at least 18 people. A second strike in August 2024 caused additional damage. Despite the attacks, the historic church building remains standing but damaged.
  ar: كنيسة القديس برفيريوس هي أقدم كنيسة نشطة في غزة، بُنيت أصلاً عام 407 ميلادي وأعيد بناؤها في القرن الثاني عشر. سُميت على اسم القديس برفيريوس الغزي. تضررت الكنيسة خلال الهجمات الإسرائيلية في 2023-2024، وقُتل ما لا يقل عن 18 شخصاً كانوا يحتمون فيها.
historical_context:
  patron_saint:
    name: Saint Porphyrius of Gaza
    name_arabic: القديس برفيريوس الغزي
    birth_year: 347
    death_year: 420
    role: Bishop of Gaza
    years_active: 395-420
    significance: Credited with the conversion of Gaza from paganism to Christianity. His tomb is located within the church.
  architectural_history:
  - date: '407'
    event: Original church constructed
    notes: Built during the lifetime of Saint Porphyrius
  - date: 12th century
    event: Church rebuilt
    notes: Major reconstruction during Crusader period
religious_denomination:
  denomination: Greek Orthodox
  patriarchate: Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem
  notes: One of the most important Greek Orthodox sites in Gaza and the oldest Christian building in the region still in active use.
architectural_features:
  building_type: church
  construction_periods:
  - 407 CE (original construction)
  - 12th century (rebuilt)
  architectural_style: Byzantine/Crusader
  features:
  - Contains tomb of Saint Porphyrius
  - Historic nave and apse
  - Bell tower
  - Compound with ancillary buildings
timespan:
  begin_of_the_begin: '0407-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  end_of_the_begin: '0407-12-31T23:59:59Z'
  begin_of_the_end:
  end_of_the_end:
  notes: The Church of Saint Porphyrius was originally built in 407 CE, making it over 1,600 years old. It was rebuilt in the 12th century. The church remains standing despite damage from Israeli airstrikes in 2023 and 2024.
  sources:
  - The Art Newspaper (August 2024)
  - UNESCO verified list of damaged/destroyed cultural sites (4 November 2025)
heritage_significance:
  significance_level: international
  significance_notes:
  - Oldest active church in Gaza (founded 407 CE)
  - Over 1,600 years of continuous Christian worship
  - Contains tomb of Saint Porphyrius
  - Important pilgrimage site
  - Significant Byzantine and Crusader era heritage
  heritage_designations: []
conflict_damage_timeline:
- date: '2023-10-19'
  event: First Israeli airstrike
  casualties: At least 18 killed
  damage_description: Strike hit church compound where hundreds were sheltering
  sources:
  - Multiple international news agencies
- date: '2024-08-07'
  event: Second Israeli airstrike
  damage_description: Additional damage to church complex
  sources:
  - The Art Newspaper
collections:
- collection_name: Religious artifacts and manuscripts
  collection_type: religious
  subject_areas:
  - Greek Orthodox religious heritage
  - Byzantine Christian artifacts
  - Historical manuscripts
  notes: The church houses religious icons, liturgical objects, and historical manuscripts spanning over 1,600 years of Christian worship in Gaza.