311 lines
12 KiB
YAML
311 lines
12 KiB
YAML
original_entry:
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id: PS-HER-TEA
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name: Tell el-Ajjul
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name_arabic: تل العجول
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name_english: Tell el-Ajjul
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type: GRP.HER.FEA
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subtype: archaeological_site
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country: PS
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city: Al Mughraqa
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location: Gaza Governorate, Gaza Strip, Palestine
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confidence: 0.98
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entry_index: PS-HER-TEA
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processing_timestamp: '2025-12-08T20:30:00.000000+00:00'
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enrichment_status: enriched
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provenance:
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schema_version: 2.0.0
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generated_at: '2025-12-28T20:09:32.828541+00:00'
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sources:
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original_entry:
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- source_type: wikipedia_cultural_heritage_destruction
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data_tier: TIER_3_CROWD_SOURCED
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extraction_source:
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- wikipedia_destruction_of_cultural_heritage_gaza
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- wikidata
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- unesco_verified_sites
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- gaza_maritime_archaeology_project
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data_tier_summary:
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TIER_1_AUTHORITATIVE: []
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TIER_2_VERIFIED:
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- gaza_maritime_archaeology_project
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- honor_frost_foundation
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TIER_3_CROWD_SOURCED:
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- wikidata
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- wikipedia_destruction_of_cultural_heritage_gaza
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- unesco_verified_sites
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TIER_4_INFERRED:
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- opencode_extraction
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notes:
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- Extracted from Wikipedia article on Destruction of cultural heritage during Israeli invasion of Gaza Strip
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- Wikidata entity Q2896876
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- 'Confidence score: 0.98'
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- Canonical location normalized on 2025-12-09T13:56:31Z
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enrichment_provenance:
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wikidata_enrichment:
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content_hash: sha256-/a3NA0F4IgpdTi3aHRufoRGtQvyubm0SsbaOM9T5+Fs=
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verified_at: '2025-12-28T20:09:32.828524+00:00'
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wasDerivedFrom: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2896876
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provenance_schema_version: '2.0'
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standards_compliance:
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- W3C PROV-O
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- W3C SRI (content hashes)
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conflict_status:
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status: damaged
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date: '2023-11-01'
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reported_date: '2024-01-01'
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description: Tell el-Ajjul, one of the largest and most important Bronze Age archaeological sites in the southern Levant, sustained damage from Israeli airstrikes in November 2023. The site was documented by the Gaza Maritime Archaeology Project as having suffered damage from aerial bombardment. Tell el-Ajjul was the site of ancient Gaza and contains remains spanning from the Early Bronze Age (circa 2000-1500 BCE) through later periods.
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sources:
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- Gaza Maritime Archaeology Project
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- Honor Frost Foundation
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- UNESCO verified sites list
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- Wikipedia - Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
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time_of_destruction:
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date: '2023-11-01'
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reported_date: '2024-01-01'
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description: Damaged by Israeli airstrikes in November 2023. The extent of damage was documented through aerial photography analysis by the Gaza Maritime Archaeology Project.
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sources:
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- Gaza Maritime Archaeology Project
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- Honor Frost Foundation
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custodian_name:
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claim_type: custodian_name
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claim_value: Tell el-Ajjul
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claim_value_arabic: تل العجول
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emic_name: تل العجول
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alternative_names:
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- Tell el-'Ajjul
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- Tell al-Ajjul
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- Ancient Gaza
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- Beth Aglayim
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source: wikidata
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confidence: 0.98
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extraction_timestamp: '2025-12-08T20:30:00.000000+00:00'
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notes: '"Tell" means an archaeological mound formed by accumulated settlement debris. "Ajjul" derives from the Arabic word for calf. The site is believed to be the ancient city of Gaza or a major Bronze Age settlement in the region.'
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ghcid:
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ghcid_current: PS-GZ-MUG-F-TEA
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ghcid_original: PS-GZ-MUG-F-TEA
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ghcid_uuid:
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ghcid_uuid_sha256:
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ghcid_numeric:
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location_resolution:
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method: WIKIDATA_COORDINATES
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country_code: PS
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region_code: GZ
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region_name: Gaza Governorate
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city_code: MUG
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city_name: Al Mughraqa
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geonames_id:
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latitude: 31.4677
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longitude: 34.4043
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resolution_date: '2025-12-08T20:30:00.000000+00:00'
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notes: Coordinates from Wikidata Q2896876. Located near Al Mughraqa in Gaza Governorate.
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service_area:
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type: admin2
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country_code: PS
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admin1_code: PSE.1_1
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admin1_name: Gaza Strip
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admin2_name: Gaza
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source: GADM v4.1
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notes: Archaeological site in Gaza Governorate
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location:
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latitude: 31.4677
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longitude: 34.4043
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coordinate_provenance:
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source_type: WIKIDATA
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source_path: wikidata_enrichment.wikidata_coordinates
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original_timestamp: '2025-12-09T12:45:44.126458+00:00'
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api_endpoint: https://www.wikidata.org/w/rest.php/wikibase/v1
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entity_id: Q2896876
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city: Al Mughraqa
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region: Gaza Governorate
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region_code: GZ
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country: PS
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normalization_timestamp: '2025-12-09T13:56:31.090439+00:00'
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wikidata_enrichment:
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wikidata_entity_id: Q2896876
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api_metadata:
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api_endpoint: https://www.wikidata.org/w/rest.php/wikibase/v1
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fetch_timestamp: '2025-12-09T12:45:44.126458+00:00'
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user_agent: GLAMDataExtractor/1.1 (glam-data@example.com) Python/httpx
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enrichment_version: 2.0_full
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properties_found:
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- P625
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- P373
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- P31
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- P1566
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- P17
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- P18
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- P131
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- P214
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- P2671
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- P269
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- P227
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wikidata_labels:
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fr: Tel el-Ajjul
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he: תל אל-עג'ול
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en: Tell el-'Ajjul
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it: Tell el-Ajjul
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nl: Tell al-Ajjul
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ca: Tel el-Ajjul
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ru: Телль аль-Аджуль
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ceb: Tall al ‘Ujūl
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ar: تل العجول
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ja: テル・エル・アジュル
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es: Tell el-Ajjul
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id: Tell el-Ajjul
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ur: تل العجول
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wikidata_label_en: Tell el-'Ajjul
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wikidata_label_nl: Tell al-Ajjul
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wikidata_label_ja: テル・エル・アジュル
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wikidata_label_fr: Tel el-Ajjul
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wikidata_label_es: Tell el-Ajjul
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wikidata_descriptions:
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nl: archeologische vindplaats in Palestina
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ru: место археологических раскопок
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en: archaeological site
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de: archäologische Stätte im Staat Palästina
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he: אתר ארכאולוגי מדרום מערב לעזה
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ar: موقع أثري في قطاع غزة، دولة فلسطين
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hi: इज़राइल में एक पुरातत्व स्थल
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zh: 以色列的一处考古遗址
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es: yacimiento arqueológico en la Franja de Gaza
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uk: археологічна пам'ятка
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id: Situs arkeologi di Jalur Gaza, Palestina
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fr: site archéologique en Palestine
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wikidata_description_en: archaeological site
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wikidata_aliases:
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fr:
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- Tall al-Ajjul
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he:
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- תל אל עג'ול
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it:
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- Sharuhen
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ru:
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- Аджуль
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en:
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- Tell el-Ajul
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- Tall al ‘Ujūl
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- Tall al-Ajjul
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nl:
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- Tall al ‘Ujūl
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- Tall al-Ajjul
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ca:
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- Sharuhen
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wikidata_sitelinks:
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hewiki: תל אל-עג'ול
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itwiki: Tall al-Ajjul
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nlwiki: Tall al-Ajjul
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cebwiki: Tall al ‘Ujūl
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enwiki: Tell el-Ajjul
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frwiki: Tell el-Ajjul
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arwiki: تل العجول
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idwiki: Tell el-Ajjul
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urwiki: تل العجول
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eswiki: Tell el-Ajjul
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wikidata_classification:
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instance_of: &id001
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- id: Q839954
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label: archaeological site
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description: place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved
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- id: Q755017
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label: tell
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description: ancient settlement mound
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- id: Q54050
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label: hill
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description: landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in lower mountain ranges, smaller than a mountain
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wikidata_instance_of: *id001
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wikidata_location:
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coordinates: &id004
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latitude: 31.4677
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longitude: 34.4043
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precision: 0.01
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country: &id002
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id: Q219060
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label: Palestine
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description: country in West Asia
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located_in_admin_entity: &id003
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id: Q39760
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label: Gaza Strip
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description: self-governing Palestinian territory next to Egypt and Israel
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wikidata_country: *id002
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wikidata_located_in: *id003
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wikidata_coordinates: *id004
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wikidata_media:
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commons_category: Tell al-Ajjul
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image: Tell al-Ajjul 997009157557905171.jpg
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wikidata_image: Tell al-Ajjul 997009157557905171.jpg
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_provenance:
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content_hash:
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algorithm: sha256
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||
value: sha256-/a3NA0F4IgpdTi3aHRufoRGtQvyubm0SsbaOM9T5+Fs=
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scope: enrichment_section
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||
computed_at: '2025-12-28T20:09:32.828524+00:00'
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prov:
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wasGeneratedBy:
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'@type': prov:Activity
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name: wikidata_api_fetch
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used: https://www.wikidata.org/w/rest.php/wikibase/v1
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wasDerivedFrom: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2896876
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verification:
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status: verified
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last_verified: '2025-12-28T20:09:32.828532+00:00'
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wikipedia_enrichment:
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wikipedia_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip
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access_date: '2025-12-08'
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section: UNESCO list of affected sites
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quote: Analysis by the Gaza Maritime Archaeology Project of aerial photography established that archaeological sites such as Tell el-Ajjul and Maiuma had sustained damage from airstrikes by November.
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sources:
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- url: https://honorfrostfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/GAZAMAP-2023-Short-Report.pdf
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title: Gaza Maritime Archaeology Project 2023 Short Report
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author: Georgia M. Andreou
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publication: Honor Frost Foundation
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year: 2023
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pages: 9-10
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timespan:
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begin_of_the_begin: -2000-01-01T00:00:00Z
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end_of_the_begin: -1500-12-31T23:59:59Z
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begin_of_the_end: '2023-11-01T00:00:00Z'
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end_of_the_end:
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notes: Tell el-Ajjul was occupied primarily during the Middle and Late Bronze Ages (circa 2000-1500 BCE), with evidence of earlier and later occupation. The site was extensively excavated by Sir Flinders Petrie in the 1930s. The site sustained damage from Israeli airstrikes in November 2023 but was not completely destroyed.
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sources:
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- Wikidata Q2896876
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- Gaza Maritime Archaeology Project
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- Encyclopedia of the Bible and Its Reception
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institution_type: FEATURES
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description: Tell el-Ajjul is one of the largest and most significant archaeological sites in the southern Levant, located near Al Mughraqa in Gaza Governorate. The tell (settlement mound) covers approximately 35 hectares and contains remains spanning from the Early Bronze Age through later periods, with its primary occupation dating to the Middle and Late Bronze Ages (circa 2000-1500 BCE). The site was extensively excavated by Sir Flinders Petrie between 1930 and 1934, who identified it as ancient Gaza. Excavations revealed substantial fortifications, elite burials with gold jewelry, Egyptian-style artifacts, and evidence of extensive trade networks. Tell el-Ajjul provides crucial evidence for understanding Bronze Age urbanism, international trade, and Egyptian-Canaanite relations. The site sustained damage from Israeli airstrikes in November 2023, as documented by the Gaza Maritime Archaeology Project through aerial photography analysis.
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historical_notes:
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construction_period: circa 2000-1500 BCE
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archaeological_periods:
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- Early Bronze Age
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- Middle Bronze Age
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- Late Bronze Age
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- Iron Age
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excavation_history:
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- excavator: Sir Flinders Petrie
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institution: British School of Archaeology in Egypt
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years: 1930-1934
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notes: Petrie's excavations revealed fortifications, palaces, and tombs with rich gold jewelry and Egyptian artifacts.
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historical_significance: Tell el-Ajjul is one of the most important Bronze Age sites in the southern Levant, providing crucial evidence for urbanism, international trade, and Egyptian-Canaanite cultural contacts during the second millennium BCE.
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notable_finds:
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- Gold jewelry and personal ornaments
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- Egyptian scarabs and artifacts
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- Bronze weapons and tools
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- Canaanite pottery
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- Fortification walls
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- Elite tombs
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historical_events:
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- event: Primary occupation
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date: c. 2000-1500 BCE
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description: Main period of settlement during the Middle and Late Bronze Ages
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- event: Excavation
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date: 1930-1934
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description: Excavated by Sir Flinders Petrie
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- event: Damage
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date: 2023-11
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description: Sustained damage from Israeli airstrikes
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unesco_status:
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listed: true
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list_name: UNESCO verified damaged or destroyed cultural sites in Gaza
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verification_date: '2025-11-04'
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site_type: Archaeological site
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date_constructed: circa 2000-1500 BCE
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notes: Listed as "Tell el-Ajjul" in UNESCO verified sites list
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