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- Remove inline slot definitions from 144 class files - Create 7 new centralized slot files in modules/slots/: - custodian_type_broader.yaml - custodian_type_narrower.yaml - custodian_type_related.yaml - definition.yaml - finding_aid_access_restriction.yaml - finding_aid_description.yaml - finding_aid_temporal_coverage.yaml - Add centralize_inline_slots.py automation script - Update manifest with new timestamp Rule 48: Class files must NOT define inline slots - all slots must be imported from modules/slots/ directory. Note: Pre-existing IdentifierFormat duplicate class definition (in Standard.yaml and IdentifierFormat.yaml) not addressed in this commit - requires separate schema refactor.
591 lines
20 KiB
YAML
591 lines
20 KiB
YAML
id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/ProvenanceEvent
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name: ProvenanceEvent
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title: Provenance Event Class
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prefixes:
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linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/
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hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/
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schema: http://schema.org/
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crm: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
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dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
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skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
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aat: http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/
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prov: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
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imports:
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- linkml:types
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- ../metadata
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- ./TimeSpan
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- ./CustodianPlace
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- ../enums/ProvenanceEventTypeEnum
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- ../slots/event_id
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- ../slots/object_ref
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- ../slots/event_type
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- ../slots/event_date
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- ../slots/price
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- ../slots/price_currency
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- ../slots/provenance_text
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- ../slots/has_auction_house
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- ../slots/has_auction_sale_name
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- ../slots/certainty_level
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- ../slots/certainty_note
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- ../slots/has_or_had_custodian_type
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- ../slots/dealer_name
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- ../slots/documentation
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- ../slots/documentation_url
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- ../slots/event_date_text
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- ../slots/event_note
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- ../slots/event_timespan
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- ../slots/footnote
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- ../slots/from_owner
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- ../slots/from_owner_text
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- ../slots/lot_number
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- ../slots/nazi_era_flag
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- ../slots/price_text
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- ../slots/requires_research
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- ../slots/specificity_annotation
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- ../slots/template_specificity
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- ../slots/to_owner
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- ../slots/to_owner_text
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- ../slots/transfer_location
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- ../slots/transfer_location_text
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- ./SpecificityAnnotation
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- ./TemplateSpecificityScores
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default_prefix: hc
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classes:
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ProvenanceEvent:
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class_uri: crm:E8_Acquisition
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description: "An event representing a change in ownership or custody of a heritage object.\n\nProvenanceEvent models the\
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\ CHAIN OF OWNERSHIP - who owned the object, when,\nand how ownership transferred between parties.\n\n**Key Distinction**:\n\
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\n| Concept | Class | Description |\n|---------|-------|-------------|\n| **Ownership change** | **ProvenanceEvent**\
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\ | **Sale, gift, confiscation** |\n| Temporary custody | Loan | Exhibition loan, study loan |\n| Physical condition\
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\ | ConservationRecord | Condition, treatment |\n\n**Ontology Alignment**:\n\n- **CIDOC-CRM**: crm:E8_Acquisition (primary)\n\
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\ \"Comprises the actions by which legal ownership of physical objects \n is transferred from one person or institution\
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\ to another.\"\n- **CIDOC-CRM**: crm:E10_Transfer_of_Custody (for custody without ownership)\n- **PROV-O**: prov:Activity\
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\ (provenance activity)\n- **Schema.org**: schema:TransferAction\n\n**Provenance Research Standards**:\n\nSupports key\
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\ provenance research requirements:\n- **Nazi-era provenance**: Washington Principles, Terezín Declaration\n- **Due\
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\ diligence**: AAMD guidelines, UNESCO 1970 Convention\n- **Restitution research**: Documentation of forced transfers\n\
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\n**Certainty Levels**:\n\nProvenance events can have varying certainty:\n- **CERTAIN**: Documentary evidence confirms\
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\ transfer\n- **PROBABLE**: Strong circumstantial evidence\n- **POSSIBLE**: Reasonable inference from context\n- **UNCERTAIN**:\
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\ Speculative or unverified\n\n**Example Provenance Chain**:\n\n```\n1665: CREATION (Vermeer creates painting)\n \
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\ ↓\nc.1665-74: COMMISSION/PURCHASE (van Ruijven acquires)\n ↓\n1696: AUCTION (Dissius sale, Amsterdam)\n ↓\n\
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1881: PURCHASE (des Tombe buys for 30 guilders)\n ↓\n1903: BEQUEST (des Tombe bequeaths to Mauritshuis)\n```\n"
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exact_mappings:
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- crm:E8_Acquisition
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close_mappings:
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- crm:E10_Transfer_of_Custody
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- prov:Activity
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- schema:TransferAction
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- aat:300055863
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related_mappings:
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- crm:E7_Activity
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- schema:Action
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slots:
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- has_auction_house
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- has_auction_sale_name
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- certainty_level
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- certainty_note
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- has_or_had_custodian_type
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- dealer_name
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- documentation
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- documentation_url
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- event_date
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- event_date_text
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- event_id
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- event_note
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- event_timespan
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- event_type
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- footnote
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- from_owner
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- from_owner_text
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- lot_number
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- nazi_era_flag
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- object_ref
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- price
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- price_currency
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- price_text
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- provenance_text
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- requires_research
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- specificity_annotation
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- template_specificity
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- to_owner
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- to_owner_text
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- transfer_location
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- transfer_location_text
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slot_usage:
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event_id:
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identifier: true
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required: true
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range: uriorcurie
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slot_uri: dcterms:identifier
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description: 'Unique identifier for this provenance event.
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Format: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/{object-slug}-{seq}
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'
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examples:
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- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-001
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- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/rijksmuseum-sk-c-5-005
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object_ref:
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required: true
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range: uriorcurie
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inlined: false
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slot_uri: crm:P24_transferred_title_of
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description: 'Reference to the object this provenance event concerns.
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CIDOC-CRM: P24_transferred_title_of - "identifies the E18 Physical Thing
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whose legal ownership was transferred."
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'
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examples:
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- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
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event_type:
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required: true
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range: ProvenanceEventTypeEnum
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slot_uri: dcterms:type
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description: 'Type of provenance event.
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Values include: CREATION, COMMISSION, PURCHASE, SALE, AUCTION,
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GIFT, DONATION, BEQUEST, INHERITANCE, CONFISCATION, LOOTING,
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THEFT, FORCED_SALE, RESTITUTION, REPATRIATION, DISCOVERY,
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EXCAVATION, TRANSFER, UNKNOWN_TRANSFER
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'
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examples:
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- value: BEQUEST
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- value: AUCTION
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- value: CONFISCATION
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event_date:
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required: false
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range: date
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slot_uri: schema:startDate
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description: 'Date of the provenance event (when known precisely).
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Use event_date_text for approximate or textual dates.
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'
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examples:
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- value: '1903-01-01'
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- value: '1696-05-16'
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event_date_text:
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required: false
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range: string
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slot_uri: dcterms:date
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description: 'Textual representation of date, including uncertainty.
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Use standard provenance notation: c. (circa), by, before, after.
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'
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examples:
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- value: c. 1665
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- value: by 1674
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- value: May 16, 1696
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- value: before 1881
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- value: 1933-1945
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description: Nazi era date range
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event_timespan:
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required: false
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range: TimeSpan
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inlined: true
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slot_uri: crm:P4_has_time-span
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description: 'Full temporal extent with CIDOC-CRM fuzzy boundaries.
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Use for uncertain dates with outer/inner bounds.
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'
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examples:
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- value:
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begin_of_the_begin: '1664-01-01'
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end_of_the_end: '1674-12-31'
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description: Owned c. 1665-74 (approximately)
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from_owner:
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required: false
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range: uriorcurie
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inlined: false
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slot_uri: crm:P23_transferred_title_from
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description: 'Previous owner (structured reference if known entity).
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CIDOC-CRM: P23_transferred_title_from - "identifies the E39 Actor
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who gave up legal ownership."
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Null for CREATION events.
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'
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examples:
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- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/person/des-tombe
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from_owner_text:
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required: false
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range: string
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slot_uri: crm:P23_transferred_title_from
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description: 'Previous owner as text (when not a structured entity).
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Include dates, location, and relevant details.
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'
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examples:
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- value: A.A. des Tombe, The Hague (1881-1903)
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- value: Pieter van Ruijven, Delft (c. 1665-1674)
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- value: Unknown German collector
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to_owner:
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required: false
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range: uriorcurie
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inlined: false
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slot_uri: crm:P22_transferred_title_to
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description: 'New owner (structured reference if known entity).
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CIDOC-CRM: P22_transferred_title_to - "identifies the E39 Actor
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who acquired legal ownership."
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'
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examples:
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- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian/nl/mauritshuis
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to_owner_text:
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required: false
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range: string
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slot_uri: crm:P22_transferred_title_to
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description: 'New owner as text (when not a structured entity).
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'
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examples:
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- value: Mauritshuis, The Hague
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- value: Maria de Knuijt, widow of van Ruijven
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transfer_location:
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required: false
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range: CustodianPlace
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inlined: true
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slot_uri: crm:P7_took_place_at
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description: 'Location where transfer occurred (structured).
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'
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examples:
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- value:
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place_name: Amsterdam
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country: NL
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transfer_location_text:
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required: false
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range: string
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slot_uri: crm:P7_took_place_at
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description: 'Location where transfer occurred (text).
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'
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examples:
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- value: Amsterdam
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- value: Dissius sale, Amsterdam
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- value: Christie's, London
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price:
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required: false
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range: decimal
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slot_uri: schema:price
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description: 'Sale price (numeric value).
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'
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examples:
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- value: 30
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description: 30 guilders (1881 purchase)
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- value: 30000000
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description: Modern equivalent estimate
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price_currency:
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required: false
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range: string
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slot_uri: schema:priceCurrency
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description: 'Currency of sale price.
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Use historical currency names for historical transactions.
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'
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examples:
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- value: NLG
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description: Dutch guilders
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- value: EUR
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- value: USD
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- value: RM
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description: Reichsmarks (Nazi era)
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price_text:
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required: false
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range: string
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slot_uri: schema:price
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description: 'Price as text, including historical context.
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'
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examples:
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- value: 30 guilders
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- value: Purchased for 2 stuivers 10 guilders
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- value: Forced sale for nominal sum
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has_auction_house:
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required: false
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range: string
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slot_uri: schema:seller
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description: 'Auction house name (for AUCTION events).
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'
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examples:
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- value: Christie's
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- value: Sotheby's
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- value: Dorotheum
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has_auction_sale_name:
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required: false
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range: string
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description: 'Name of auction sale or catalogue.
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'
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examples:
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- value: Dissius sale
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- value: Important Old Master Paintings
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- value: The Collection of [Name]
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lot_number:
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required: false
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range: string
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slot_uri: dcterms:identifier
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description: 'Auction lot number.
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'
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examples:
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- value: '36'
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- value: Lot 127A
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dealer_name:
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required: false
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range: string
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description: 'Art dealer name (for DEALER_SALE events).
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'
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examples:
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- value: Paul Cassirer
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- value: Goupil & Cie
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documentation:
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required: false
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range: string
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multivalued: true
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slot_uri: dcterms:bibliographicCitation
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description: 'Bibliographic citations for provenance documentation.
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'
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examples:
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- value: Dissius sale catalogue, Amsterdam, May 16, 1696, lot 36
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- value: Hofstede de Groot, vol. 1, no. 44
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- value: Braamcamp sale, Amsterdam, July 31, 1771, lot 54
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documentation_url:
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required: false
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range: uri
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multivalued: true
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slot_uri: schema:url
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description: 'URLs to supporting documentation.
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'
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examples:
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- value: https://rkd.nl/explore/provenance/12345
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- value: https://www.getty.edu/research/provenance/sales
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certainty_level:
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required: false
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range: string
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slot_uri: crm:P141_assigned
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description: 'Level of certainty for this provenance event.
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Values:
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- CERTAIN: Documentary evidence confirms
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- PROBABLE: Strong circumstantial evidence
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- POSSIBLE: Reasonable inference
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- UNCERTAIN: Speculative/unverified
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'
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examples:
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- value: CERTAIN
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- value: PROBABLE
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- value: POSSIBLE
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certainty_note:
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required: false
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range: string
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description: 'Explanation of certainty assessment.
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'
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examples:
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- value: Confirmed by sale catalogue and receipt
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- value: Inferred from stylistic analysis and collection history
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- value: Provenance gap 1933-1945 requires further research
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provenance_text:
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required: false
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range: string
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slot_uri: dcterms:provenance
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description: 'Full provenance entry text in standard notation.
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Follow Getty Provenance Index format.
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'
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examples:
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- value: A.A. des Tombe, The Hague (purchased 1881, d. 1903)
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- value: Dissius sale, Amsterdam, May 16, 1696, lot 36
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footnote:
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required: false
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range: string
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multivalued: true
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slot_uri: skos:note
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description: 'Scholarly footnotes and additional documentation.
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'
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examples:
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- value: '[1] Montias 1989, p. 256, doc. 437'
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- value: '[2] The painting was catalogued as ''A Tronij painted in Turkish fashion'''
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nazi_era_flag:
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required: false
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range: boolean
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description: 'Flag indicating this event occurred during Nazi era (1933-1945)
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or involves objects potentially affected by Nazi-era confiscation.
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**CRITICAL for provenance research compliance.**
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'
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examples:
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- value: true
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description: Event during 1933-1945 period
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requires_research:
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required: false
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range: boolean
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description: 'Flag indicating provenance gap or uncertain transfer requiring
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further research.
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'
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examples:
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- value: true
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description: Provenance gap 1933-1945
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event_note:
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required: false
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range: string
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multivalued: true
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slot_uri: skos:note
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description: 'Additional notes about this provenance event.
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'
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examples:
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- value: des Tombe purchased at auction for 30 guilders, a bargain price
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- value: The painting's attribution to Vermeer was not recognized until later
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has_or_had_custodian_type:
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equals_expression: '["hc:GalleryType", "hc:MuseumType", "hc:ArchiveOrganizationType", "hc:LibraryType", "hc:ResearchOrganizationType",
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"hc:HolySacredSiteType", "hc:BioCustodianType", "hc:PersonalCollectionType"]'
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specificity_annotation:
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range: SpecificityAnnotation
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inlined: true
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template_specificity:
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range: TemplateSpecificityScores
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inlined: true
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comments:
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- ProvenanceEvent models ownership transfers in an object's history
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- Links to ExhibitedObject via object_ref relationship
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- Uses ProvenanceEventTypeEnum for event classification
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- Uses CIDOC-CRM E8_Acquisition as primary ontology mapping
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- Supports Nazi-era provenance research with nazi_era_flag
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- Certainty levels allow scholarly documentation of evidence quality
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see_also:
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- https://cidoc-crm.org/html/cidoc_crm_v7.1.3.html#E8
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- https://www.aamd.org/object-registry
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- https://www.lootedart.com/
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- https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/provenance/
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examples:
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- value:
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event_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-001
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object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
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event_type: CREATION
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event_date_text: c. 1665
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event_timespan:
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begin_of_the_begin: '1664-01-01'
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end_of_the_end: '1667-12-31'
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from_owner_text: null
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to_owner_text: Johannes Vermeer, Delft
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transfer_location_text: Delft
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certainty_level: CERTAIN
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provenance_text: Created by Johannes Vermeer, Delft, c. 1665
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description: Creation of Girl with a Pearl Earring
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- value:
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event_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-002
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object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
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event_type: PURCHASE
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event_date_text: c. 1665-1674
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from_owner_text: Johannes Vermeer
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to_owner_text: Pieter van Ruijven, Delft (c. 1665-1674)
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certainty_level: PROBABLE
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certainty_notes: Van Ruijven was Vermeer's patron; likely acquired directly from artist
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documentation:
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- Montias, Vermeer and His Milieu (1989), pp. 247-252
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provenance_text: Possibly Pieter van Ruijven, Delft (c. 1665-1674)
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description: Possible purchase by van Ruijven
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- value:
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event_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-005
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object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
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event_type: AUCTION
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event_date: '1696-05-16'
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event_date_text: May 16, 1696
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from_owner_text: Estate of Jacob Dissius
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to_owner_text: Unknown buyer
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transfer_location_text: Amsterdam
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auction_sale_name: Dissius sale
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lot_number: '36'
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price_text: Unknown
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certainty_level: CERTAIN
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documentation:
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- Dissius sale catalogue, Amsterdam, May 16, 1696, lot 36
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footnote:
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- Catalogued as 'Een Tronij in Antique Klederen, ongemeen konstig' (A Tronie in Antique Dress, uncommonly artful)
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provenance_text: Dissius sale, Amsterdam, May 16, 1696, lot 36
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description: 1696 Dissius auction sale
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- value:
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event_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-008
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object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
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event_type: PURCHASE
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event_date: '1881-01-01'
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event_date_text: '1881'
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from_owner_text: Unknown seller
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to_owner_text: A.A. des Tombe, The Hague
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price: 30
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price_currency: NLG
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price_text: 30 guilders
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certainty_level: CERTAIN
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provenance_text: A.A. des Tombe, The Hague (purchased 1881 for 30 guilders)
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event_note:
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- Des Tombe purchased at auction for a bargain price
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- Painting was in poor condition and not yet attributed to Vermeer
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description: 1881 purchase by des Tombe
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- value:
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event_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-009
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object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
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event_type: BEQUEST
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event_date: '1903-01-01'
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event_date_text: '1903'
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from_owner_text: A.A. des Tombe (d. 1903)
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to_owner: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian/nl/mauritshuis
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to_owner_text: Mauritshuis, The Hague
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certainty_level: CERTAIN
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documentation:
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- Will of A.A. des Tombe
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- Mauritshuis accession records
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provenance_text: Bequeathed to Mauritshuis, 1903
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description: 1903 bequest to Mauritshuis
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- value:
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event_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/example-nazi-confiscation
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object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/example-painting
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event_type: CONFISCATION
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event_date_text: '1938'
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from_owner_text: Jewish collector, Vienna
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to_owner_text: Nazi authorities
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nazi_era_flag: true
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requires_research: true
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certainty_level: PROBABLE
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certainty_notes: Documentation incomplete; collector fled Vienna 1938
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event_note:
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- Provenance gap requires further research
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- Listed on Art Loss Register
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description: Example Nazi-era confiscation (illustrative)
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