glam/schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/Collection.yaml
2026-01-04 13:12:32 +01:00

809 lines
29 KiB
YAML

# Collection Class - Specific, inventoried heritage holdings
#
# This class represents SPECIFIC, CATALOGUED holdings within a heritage custodian.
#
# CRITICAL DISTINCTION from CustodianCollection:
# - CustodianCollection: Abstract/nominal reference to ENTIRE collection of a Custodian (vague)
# - Collection: Specific, inventoried/catalogued holdings with fine-grained detail
#
# Wikidata references:
# - Q2668072 (collection) - group of related items
# - Q185583 (archive collection) - body of historical records
# - Q1643722 (fonds) - archival unit reflecting provenance
#
# Generation date: 2025-12-08
id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/Collection
name: collection_class
title: Collection Class
prefixes:
linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/
hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/
crm: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
rico: https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#
bf: http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/
dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
premis: http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v3/
prov: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: http://schema.org/
skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
wd: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
edm: http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/
default_prefix: hc
imports:
- linkml:types
- ./CustodianCollection
- ./CollectionType
- ./AccessPolicy
- ./TimeSpan
- ./FindingAid
- ./ExhibitedObject
- ./CurationActivity
- ../slots/valid_from
- ../slots/valid_to
- ../slots/collection_name
- ../slots/collection_description
- ../slots/extent
- ../slots/temporal_coverage
- ../slots/digitization_status
- ../slots/acquisition_method
- ../slots/acquisition_date
classes:
Collection:
class_uri: rico:RecordSet
annotations:
custodian_types: '["G", "L", "A", "M", "B", "H"]'
custodian_types_rationale: "Collection is relevant to institutions that hold catalogued collections: Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums, Botanical gardens/zoos, Holy sites"
description: |
Specific, inventoried heritage holdings with fine-grained cataloguing detail.
**CRITICAL DISTINCTION**:
| CustodianCollection | Collection (THIS CLASS) |
|---------------------|------------------------|
| Abstract/nominal reference | Specific, catalogued holdings |
| Entire collection of a Custodian | Individual fonds, series, or named collections |
| Vague ("the museum's collection") | Precise ("the Van Gogh correspondence collection") |
| Top-level container | Nested within CustodianCollection |
| crm:E78_Curated_Holding | rico:RecordSet |
**ONTOLOGY ALIGNMENT**:
1. **RiC-O (Records in Contexts)**:
- `rico:RecordSet` - "A record set is a group of record(s), made and/or assembled
by one or more agent(s), characterized by a common provenance and/or by being
received/maintained by the same custodian."
- Enables: series, fonds, sub-fonds, sub-series hierarchies
- Properties: rico:hasRecordSetType, rico:hasExtent, rico:hasTemporalCoverage
2. **CIDOC-CRM**:
- Close mapping to crm:E78_Curated_Holding (at specific level)
- crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing for physical collections
3. **BIBFRAME**:
- bf:Collection for library special collections
- bf:Item for individual physical items within
4. **Europeana Data Model**:
- edm:ProvidedCHO for cultural heritage objects
- edm:hasView for digital representations
**HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE**:
```
Custodian (hub)
└── CustodianCollection (aspect - abstract/nominal)
└── Collection (THIS CLASS - specific holdings)
├── CollectionType (classification)
├── AccessPolicy (access restrictions)
├── sub_collections → Collection[] (nested hierarchy)
│ └── Collection (sub-fonds, series, etc.)
└── items → ExhibitedObject[] (individual objects)
```
**USE CASES**:
1. **Archival Fonds**:
```yaml
Collection:
collection_name: "Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)"
collection_type: FONDS
rico_record_set_type: rico:Fonds
extent: "1,250 linear meters"
temporal_coverage: "1602-1799"
provenance: "Dutch East India Company (VOC)"
```
2. **Museum Named Collection**:
```yaml
Collection:
collection_name: "Drucker-Fraser Collection"
collection_type: NAMED_COLLECTION
extent: "125 artworks"
acquisition_method: "Bequest (1937)"
access_policy: OPEN_ACCESS
```
3. **Library Special Collection**:
```yaml
Collection:
collection_name: "Medieval Manuscripts Collection"
collection_type: SPECIAL_COLLECTION
bf_collection_type: bf:Collection
extent: "342 manuscripts, 12th-15th century"
temporal_coverage: "1100-1500"
```
**PROVENANCE TRACKING**:
Collection provenance is tracked through:
- `provenance_statement` - Narrative provenance description
- `custodial_history` - Chain of custody
- `acquisition_method` - How acquired (purchase, donation, transfer, bequest)
- `acquisition_date` - When acquired
- `acquisition_source` - From whom acquired
**ACCESS CONTROL**:
Collections link to AccessPolicy for:
- Open access (publicly available)
- Restricted access (researchers only)
- Closed access (temporary closure, embargo)
- Partial access (portions available)
exact_mappings:
- rico:RecordSet
- wikidata:Q2668072
close_mappings:
- crm:E78_Curated_Holding
- bf:Collection
- edm:ProvidedCHO
related_mappings:
- crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing
- rico:Record
- bf:Item
slots:
- collection_id
- collection_name
- collection_description
- collection_type_ref
- rico_record_set_type
- extent
- extent_items
- temporal_coverage
- subject_areas
- provenance_statement
- custodial_history
- acquisition_method
- acquisition_date
- acquisition_source
- access_policy_ref
- arrangement
- finding_aids
- digitization_status
- digital_surrogate_url
- parent_collection
- sub_collections
- items
- curation_activities
- part_of_custodian_collection
- valid_from
- valid_to
slot_usage:
collection_id:
slot_uri: dcterms:identifier
description: |
Unique identifier for this specific collection.
Format: URI following NDE Heritage Custodian ontology conventions.
range: uriorcurie
required: true
identifier: true
examples:
- value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds"
description: "VOC fonds at the National Archives"
collection_name:
slot_uri: rico:title
description: |
Official name of this specific collection.
RiC-O: title for the name of a RecordSet.
Use the established collection name from finding aids, catalogs, or
official documentation.
range: string
required: true
examples:
- value: "Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)"
description: "Archival fonds name"
- value: "Drucker-Fraser Collection"
description: "Museum named collection"
- value: "Medieval Manuscripts Collection"
description: "Library special collection"
collection_description:
slot_uri: rico:scopeAndContent
description: |
Narrative description of the collection's contents, scope, and significance.
RiC-O: scopeAndContent for detailed description of what the collection contains.
range: string
examples:
- value: >-
The VOC archives comprise the administrative records of the Dutch East India
Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution in 1799. The fonds
includes correspondence, resolutions, journals, accounts, ship's logs, and
maps documenting trade relations across Asia.
collection_type_ref:
slot_uri: rico:hasRecordSetType
description: |
Classification of this collection from CollectionType hierarchy.
RiC-O: hasRecordSetType links RecordSet to its classification.
Provides semantic classification (fonds, series, special collection, etc.)
distinguishing this Collection from generic CustodianCollection references.
range: CollectionType
required: true
examples:
- value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds"
description: "Archival fonds"
- value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/special-collection"
description: "Library special collection"
rico_record_set_type:
slot_uri: rico:hasRecordSetType
description: |
Direct mapping to RiC-O RecordSetType vocabulary.
Standard RiC-O record set types:
- rico:Fonds - Archival fonds (provenance-based)
- rico:Series - Archival series
- rico:File - Archival file
- rico:Collection - Assembled collection (not provenance-based)
Use for RDF interoperability with archival systems.
range: uriorcurie
examples:
- value: "rico:Fonds"
description: "Archival fonds"
- value: "rico:Series"
description: "Archival series"
- value: "rico:Collection"
description: "Assembled collection"
extent:
slot_uri: rico:hasExtent
description: |
Quantitative description of collection size.
RiC-O: hasExtent for size/quantity description.
Use standard archival/library metrics:
- Linear/running meters for archives
- Number of items/objects for museums
- Number of volumes/items for libraries
range: string
examples:
- value: "1,250 linear meters"
description: "Archival extent"
- value: "125 artworks"
description: "Museum extent"
- value: "342 manuscripts"
description: "Library extent"
extent_items:
slot_uri: schema:numberOfItems
description: |
Numeric count of items (when countable).
Schema.org: numberOfItems for countable collections.
Use when precise item count is known.
range: integer
examples:
- value: 125
description: "125 artworks"
- value: 342
description: "342 manuscripts"
temporal_coverage:
slot_uri: rico:hasTemporalCoverage
description: |
Time period covered by collection materials (NOT when collected).
RiC-O: hasTemporalCoverage for date range of contents.
Distinct from acquisition_date (when acquired) and valid_from/valid_to
(when collection existed at custodian).
range: TimeSpan
examples:
- value:
start_date: "1602-01-01"
end_date: "1799-12-31"
description: "VOC records temporal coverage"
subject_areas:
slot_uri: dcterms:subject
description: |
Thematic subjects covered by the collection.
Dublin Core: subject for thematic classification.
Use controlled vocabularies where possible (AAT, LCSH, UNESCO thesaurus).
range: string
multivalued: true
examples:
- value:
- "Colonial trade"
- "Maritime history"
- "Dutch East Indies"
- "Spice trade"
description: "VOC records subjects"
provenance_statement:
slot_uri: rico:history
description: |
Narrative description of collection provenance and history.
RiC-O: history for provenance information.
Describes how the collection was created, assembled, and transferred
to current custodian.
range: string
examples:
- value: >-
The VOC archives were transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's
dissolution in 1799. They were initially held by the Ministry of Colonies,
then transferred to the Algemeen Rijksarchief (now Nationaal Archief) in 1856.
custodial_history:
slot_uri: rico:history
description: |
Chain of custody - sequence of custodians who held this collection.
Lists previous custodians in chronological order.
range: string
multivalued: true
examples:
- value:
- "Dutch East India Company (1602-1799)"
- "Ministry of Colonies (1799-1856)"
- "Algemeen Rijksarchief (1856-2002)"
- "Nationaal Archief (2002-present)"
description: "VOC records custodial history"
acquisition_method:
slot_uri: crm:P24i_changed_ownership_through
description: |
How the collection was acquired by current custodian.
CIDOC-CRM: P24i_changed_ownership_through for acquisition event.
Common methods:
- PURCHASE: Bought from previous owner
- DONATION: Gift from donor
- BEQUEST: Testamentary gift
- TRANSFER: Government/institutional transfer
- DEPOSIT: Long-term loan
- RESTITUTION: Return of looted/displaced materials
range: string
examples:
- value: "TRANSFER"
description: "Government transfer of VOC archives"
- value: "BEQUEST"
description: "Testamentary gift"
acquisition_date:
slot_uri: crm:P4_has_time-span
description: |
Date when collection was acquired by current custodian.
range: date
examples:
- value: "1856-01-01"
description: "Transfer to Algemeen Rijksarchief"
acquisition_source:
slot_uri: prov:wasAttributedTo
description: |
Entity from whom collection was acquired.
PROV-O: wasAttributedTo for source attribution.
range: string
examples:
- value: "Ministry of Colonies"
description: "Source of VOC archives transfer"
- value: "Estate of Anna Drucker-Fraser"
description: "Source of bequest"
access_policy_ref:
slot_uri: premis:hasRightsDeclaration
description: |
Access policy governing this collection.
Links to AccessPolicy class defining access conditions.
PREMIS: hasRightsDeclaration for access rights.
range: AccessPolicy
examples:
- value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access"
description: "Publicly accessible"
- value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/restricted-researchers"
description: "Researchers only"
arrangement:
slot_uri: rico:hasArrangement
description: |
Intellectual arrangement or classification system.
RiC-O: hasArrangement for organizational structure.
Describes how the collection is organized:
- Provenance-based (archival)
- Chronological
- Subject-based
- Alphabetical
range: string
examples:
- value: "Organized by provenance, then chronologically within each creating office"
description: "Archival arrangement"
- value: "Arranged alphabetically by artist name"
description: "Art collection arrangement"
finding_aids:
slot_uri: rico:isDescribedBy
description: |
Finding aids describing this collection.
RiC-O: isDescribedBy links RecordSet to its descriptive tools.
**Replaces the previous simple `finding_aid_url` slot.**
Collections may have multiple finding aids of different types:
- Archival inventory (detailed item/folder listing)
- Repository guide (overview description)
- Online catalog (searchable database)
- Published bibliography
Each FindingAid object includes:
- `finding_aid_type_ref` → FindingAidType (Inventory, Catalogue, Guide, etc.)
- `url` → Online access URL
- `format` → EAD, PDF, HTML, ONLINE_DATABASE
- `served_by` → DigitalPlatform hosting the finding aid
**Example**:
```yaml
finding_aids:
- finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory
title: "Inventory of VOC Records"
url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02"
format: ["EAD", "HTML"]
- finding_aid_type_ref: RepositoryGuide
title: "Guide to Colonial Archives"
url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/colonial-guide.pdf"
format: ["PDF"]
```
range: FindingAid
multivalued: true
inlined_as_list: true
examples:
- value:
- finding_aid_id: "https://nde.nl/finding-aid/voc-inventory"
title: "VOC Inventory"
finding_aid_type_ref: "ArchivalInventory"
url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02"
description: "VOC finding aid"
digitization_status:
slot_uri: premis:hasRelatedStatementInformation
description: |
Current digitization status of this collection.
Values:
- NOT_DIGITIZED: No digital surrogates exist
- PARTIAL: Some materials digitized
- COMPLETE: Entire collection digitized
- ONGOING: Active digitization project
range: string
examples:
- value: "PARTIAL"
description: "30% digitized"
digital_surrogate_url:
slot_uri: edm:hasView
description: |
URL to digital surrogate/representation of collection.
EDM: hasView for digital representation.
range: uri
multivalued: true
examples:
- value: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02/download"
description: "Digital scans of VOC records"
parent_collection:
slot_uri: rico:isOrWasIncludedIn
description: |
Parent collection (for hierarchical nesting).
RiC-O: isOrWasIncludedIn for hierarchical containment.
Enables fonds → series → sub-series → file hierarchy.
range: Collection
examples:
- value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds"
description: "Series within VOC fonds"
sub_collections:
slot_uri: rico:includesOrIncluded
description: |
Child collections (for hierarchical nesting).
RiC-O: includesOrIncluded for hierarchical containment.
Inverse of parent_collection.
range: Collection
multivalued: true
inlined_as_list: true
examples:
- value:
- collection_name: "Hoge Regering Batavia"
collection_type_ref: "series"
- collection_name: "Kamer Amsterdam"
collection_type_ref: "series"
description: "Series within VOC fonds"
items:
slot_uri: rico:hasOrHadConstituent
description: |
Individual ExhibitedObject items within this collection.
RiC-O: hasOrHadConstituent for record-level items within a RecordSet.
Links to fully-modeled ExhibitedObject entities with:
- Creator attribution
- Medium and dimensions
- Provenance information
- Conservation history
- Exhibition history
**Relationship to ExhibitedObject.part_of_collection**:
This is the inverse relationship. Collection.items → ExhibitedObject[]
corresponds to ExhibitedObject.part_of_collection → Collection.
**Use Cases**:
- Museum: Individual artworks in a named collection
- Archive: Individual documents/files in a fonds/series
- Library: Individual rare books in a special collection
**Note**: For large collections, items may be linked by reference (URI)
rather than inlined, to avoid excessive file sizes.
range: ExhibitedObject
multivalued: true
inlined: false
examples:
- value:
- "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring"
- "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-anatomy-lesson"
- "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-goldfinch"
description: "Paintings in Mauritshuis collection"
curation_activities:
slot_uri: crm:P147i_was_curated_by
description: |
Ongoing curation activities performed on this collection.
CIDOC-CRM: P147i_was_curated_by links E78_Curated_Holding to E87_Curation_Activity.
Links to CurationActivity instances representing ongoing collection management:
- Accessioning and deaccessioning
- Cataloging and inventory
- Digitization projects
- Condition surveys
- Rehousing and storage reorganization
- Provenance research
**Relationship to CurationActivity.curated_holding**:
This is the inverse relationship. Collection.curation_activities → CurationActivity[]
corresponds to CurationActivity.curated_holding → Collection.
**Use Cases**:
- Track annual inventory cycles
- Document digitization project progress
- Record collection development activities
- Monitor preservation activities
**Distinct from**:
- Exhibition: Time-bounded display events (use exhibitions slot)
- ConservationRecord: Discrete treatment actions on objects
- ProvenanceEvent: Ownership transfer events
range: CurationActivity
multivalued: true
inlined: false
examples:
- value:
- "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/activity/nationaal-archief-voc-digitization-2024"
- "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/activity/nationaal-archief-inventory-2025"
description: "Curation activities for VOC fonds"
part_of_custodian_collection:
slot_uri: crm:P46i_forms_part_of
description: |
The abstract CustodianCollection this specific Collection belongs to.
Links specific holdings back to the nominal/abstract collection aspect.
CIDOC-CRM: P46i_forms_part_of for part-whole relationship.
range: CustodianCollection
required: true
examples:
- value: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief"
description: "Part of Nationaal Archief's overall collection"
valid_from:
slot_uri: schema:validFrom
description: |
Date when this collection began at current custodian.
range: date
valid_to:
slot_uri: schema:validThrough
description: |
Date when this collection ended at current custodian (if transferred/deaccessioned).
range: date
comments:
- "Collection represents SPECIFIC, CATALOGUED holdings (not abstract nominal references)"
- "Distinct from CustodianCollection which is abstract/nominal"
- "Enables fine-grained description using RiC-O, CIDOC-CRM, BIBFRAME ontologies"
- "Supports hierarchical nesting (fonds → series → sub-series)"
- "Links to CollectionType for classification and AccessPolicy for access control"
- "Provenance tracking includes custodial_history, acquisition_method, acquisition_source"
- "finding_aids replaces the simple finding_aid_url slot (2025-12-09)"
- "items slot links to ExhibitedObject[] for individual collection objects (2026-01)"
- "curation_activities slot links to CurationActivity[] for ongoing management (2026-01)"
see_also:
- "https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#RecordSet"
- "http://www.cidoc-crm.org/html/cidoc_crm_v7.1.3.html#E78"
- "http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Collection"
- "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2668072"
examples:
- value:
collection_id: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds"
collection_name: "Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)"
collection_description: >-
The VOC archives comprise the administrative records of the Dutch East India
Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution in 1799.
collection_type_ref: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds"
rico_record_set_type: "rico:Fonds"
extent: "1,250 linear meters"
temporal_coverage:
start_date: "1602-01-01"
end_date: "1799-12-31"
subject_areas:
- "Colonial trade"
- "Maritime history"
- "Dutch East Indies"
provenance_statement: >-
Transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's dissolution in 1799.
acquisition_method: "TRANSFER"
acquisition_date: "1856-01-01"
acquisition_source: "Ministry of Colonies"
access_policy_ref: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access"
arrangement: "Organized by provenance, then chronologically"
finding_aids:
- finding_aid_id: "https://nde.nl/finding-aid/nationaal-archief-voc-inventory"
title: "Inventory of the Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)"
finding_aid_type_ref: "ArchivalInventory"
url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02"
format: ["EAD", "HTML"]
language: ["nl", "en"]
digitization_status: "PARTIAL"
part_of_custodian_collection: "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief"
description: "VOC archival fonds at Nationaal Archief"
# Basic slot definitions (detailed in class slot_usage)
slots:
collection_id:
description: Unique identifier for this collection
range: uriorcurie
# collection_name: imported from ../slots/collection_name
# collection_description: imported from ../slots/collection_description
collection_type_ref:
description: Classification from CollectionType hierarchy
range: CollectionType
rico_record_set_type:
description: RiC-O RecordSetType vocabulary mapping
range: uriorcurie
# extent: imported from ../slots/extent
extent_items:
description: Numeric item count
range: integer
# temporal_coverage: imported from ../slots/temporal_coverage
subject_areas:
description: Thematic subjects
range: string
multivalued: true
provenance_statement:
description: Provenance narrative
range: string
custodial_history:
description: Chain of custody
range: string
multivalued: true
# NOTE: acquisition_method imported from ../slots/acquisition_method.yaml
# NOTE: acquisition_date imported from ../slots/acquisition_date.yaml
acquisition_source:
description: From whom collection was acquired
range: string
access_policy_ref:
description: Access policy governing collection
range: AccessPolicy
arrangement:
description: Intellectual arrangement system
range: string
finding_aids:
description: Finding aids describing this collection
range: FindingAid
multivalued: true
slot_uri: rico:isDescribedBy
# digitization_status: imported from ../slots/digitization_status
digital_surrogate_url:
description: URL to digital surrogate
range: uri
multivalued: true
parent_collection:
description: Parent collection (hierarchical)
range: Collection
sub_collections:
description: Child collections (hierarchical)
range: Collection
multivalued: true
items:
description: Individual ExhibitedObject items within this collection
range: ExhibitedObject
multivalued: true
slot_uri: rico:hasOrHadConstituent
curation_activities:
description: Ongoing curation activities performed on this collection
range: CurationActivity
multivalued: true
slot_uri: crm:P147i_was_curated_by
part_of_custodian_collection:
description: Link to abstract CustodianCollection
range: CustodianCollection