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glam/schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/Collection.yaml
kempersc 626bd3a095 refactor(schemas): apply naming conventions to 261 class files 
- Apply Rule 39: RiC-O style hasOrHad*/isOrWas* for temporal slots
- Apply Rule 43: Singular noun convention (keywords → keyword)
- Update slot references to match renamed slot files
- Maintain schema integrity across all class definitions
2026-01-10 15:36:33 +01:00

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YAML
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id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/Collection
name: collection_class
title: Collection Class
prefixes:
linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/
hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/
crm: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
rico: https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#
bf: http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/
dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
premis: http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v3/
prov: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: http://schema.org/
skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
wd: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
edm: http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/
default_prefix: hc
imports:
- linkml:types
- ./CustodianCollection
- ./CollectionType
- ./AccessPolicy
- ./TimeSpan
- ./FindingAid
- ./ExhibitedObject
- ./CurationActivity
- ../slots/access_policy_ref
- ../slots/has_acquisition_date
- ../slots/has_acquisition_method
- ../slots/has_acquisition_source
- ../slots/has_arrangement
- ../slots/collection_description
- ../slots/collection_id
- ../slots/collection_name
- ../slots/collection_type_ref
- ../slots/has_or_had_curation_activity
- ../slots/custodial_history
- ../slots/digital_surrogate_url
- ../slots/digitization_status
- ../slots/extent
- ../slots/extent_item
- ../slots/has_or_had_finding_aid
- ../slots/item
- ../slots/parent_collection
- ../slots/part_of_custodian_collection
- ../slots/provenance_statement
- ../slots/record_set_type
- ../slots/has_or_had_sub_collection
- ../slots/subject_area
- ../slots/temporal_coverage
- ../slots/valid_from
- ../slots/valid_to
- ../slots/has_or_had_custodian_type
- ../slots/specificity_annotation
- ../slots/template_specificity
- ./SpecificityAnnotation
- ./TemplateSpecificityScores
classes:
Collection:
class_uri: rico:RecordSet
description: |
Specific, inventoried heritage holdings with fine-grained cataloguing detail.
**CRITICAL DISTINCTION**:
| CustodianCollection | Collection (THIS CLASS) |
|---------------------|------------------------|
| Abstract/nominal reference | Specific, catalogued holdings |
| Entire collection of a Custodian | Individual fonds, series, or named collections |
| Vague ("the museum's collection") | Precise ("the Van Gogh correspondence collection") |
| Top-level container | Nested within CustodianCollection |
| crm:E78_Curated_Holding | rico:RecordSet |
1. **RiC-O (Records in Contexts)**:
- `rico:RecordSet` - "A record set is a group of record(s), made and/or assembled
by one or more agent(s), characterized by a common provenance and/or by being
received/maintained by the same custodian."
- Enables: series, fonds, sub-fonds, sub-series hierarchies
- Properties: rico:hasRecordSetType, rico:hasExtent, rico:hasTemporalCoverage
2. **CIDOC-CRM**:
- Close mapping to crm:E78_Curated_Holding (at specific level)
- crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing for physical collections
3. **BIBFRAME**:
- bf:Collection for library special collections
- bf:Item for individual physical items within
4. **Europeana Data Model**:
- edm:ProvidedCHO for cultural heritage objects
- edm:hasView for digital representations
**HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE**:
```
Custodian (hub)
│
└── CustodianCollection (aspect - abstract/nominal)
│
└── Collection (THIS CLASS - specific holdings)
├── CollectionType (classification)
├── AccessPolicy (access restrictions)
├── has_or_had_sub_collection → Collection[] (nested hierarchy)
│ └── Collection (sub-fonds, series, etc.)
└── items → ExhibitedObject[] (individual objects)
```
**USE CASES**:
1. **Archival Fonds**:
```yaml
Collection:
collection_name: "Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)"
collection_type: FONDS
record_set_type: rico:Fonds
extent: "1,250 linear meters"
temporal_coverage: "1602-1799"
provenance: "Dutch East India Company (VOC)"
```
2. **Museum Named Collection**:
```yaml
Collection:
collection_name: "Drucker-Fraser Collection"
collection_type: NAMED_COLLECTION
extent: "125 artworks"
acquisition_method: "Bequest (1937)"
access_policy: OPEN_ACCESS
```
3. **Library Special Collection**:
```yaml
Collection:
collection_name: "Medieval Manuscripts Collection"
collection_type: SPECIAL_COLLECTION
bf_collection_type: bf:Collection
extent: "342 manuscripts, 12th-15th century"
temporal_coverage: "1100-1500"
```
**PROVENANCE TRACKING**:
Collection provenance is tracked through:
- `provenance_statement` - Narrative provenance description
- `custodial_history` - Chain of custody
- `acquisition_method` - How acquired (purchase, donation, transfer, bequest)
- `acquisition_date` - When acquired
- `acquisition_source` - From whom acquired
**ACCESS CONTROL**:
Collections link to AccessPolicy for:
- Open access (publicly available)
- Restricted access (researchers only)
- Closed access (temporary closure, embargo)
- Partial access (portions available)
exact_mappings:
- rico:RecordSet
- wikidata:Q2668072
close_mappings:
- crm:E78_Curated_Holding
- bf:Collection
- edm:ProvidedCHO
related_mappings:
- crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing
- rico:Record
- bf:Item
slots:
- access_policy_ref
- has_acquisition_date
- has_acquisition_method
- has_acquisition_source
- has_arrangement
- collection_description
- collection_id
- collection_name
- collection_type_ref
- has_or_had_curation_activity
- custodial_history
- has_or_had_custodian_type
- digital_surrogate_url
- digitization_status
- extent
- extent_item
- has_or_had_finding_aid
- item
- parent_collection
- part_of_custodian_collection
- provenance_statement
- record_set_type
- specificity_annotation
- has_or_had_sub_collection
- subject_area
- template_specificity
- temporal_coverage
- valid_from
- valid_to
slot_usage:
collection_id:
slot_uri: dcterms:identifier
description: |
Unique identifier for this specific collection.
Format: URI following NDE Heritage Custodian ontology conventions.
range: uriorcurie
required: true
identifier: true
examples:
- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds
description: VOC fonds at the National Archives
collection_name:
slot_uri: rico:title
description: |
Official name of this specific collection.
RiC-O: title for the name of a RecordSet.
Use the established collection name from finding aids, catalogs, or
official documentation.
range: string
required: true
examples:
- value: Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)
description: Archival fonds name
- value: Drucker-Fraser Collection
description: Museum named collection
- value: Medieval Manuscripts Collection
description: Library special collection
collection_description:
slot_uri: rico:scopeAndContent
description: |
Narrative description of the collection's contents, scope, and significance.
RiC-O: scopeAndContent for detailed description of what the collection contains.
range: string
examples:
- value: The VOC archives comprise the administrative records of the Dutch
East India Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution in
1799. The fonds includes correspondence, resolutions, journals, accounts,
ship's logs, and maps documenting trade relations across Asia.
collection_type_ref:
slot_uri: rico:hasRecordSetType
description: |
Classification of this collection from CollectionType hierarchy.
RiC-O: hasRecordSetType links RecordSet to its classification.
Provides semantic classification (fonds, series, special collection, etc.)
distinguishing this Collection from generic CustodianCollection references.
range: CollectionType
required: true
examples:
- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds
description: Archival fonds
- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/special-collection
description: Library special collection
record_set_type:
slot_uri: rico:hasRecordSetType
description: |
Direct mapping to RiC-O RecordSetType vocabulary.
Standard RiC-O record set types:
- rico:Fonds - Archival fonds (provenance-based)
- rico:Series - Archival series
- rico:File - Archival file
- rico:Collection - Assembled collection (not provenance-based)
Use for RDF interoperability with archival systems.
range: uriorcurie
examples:
- value: rico:Fonds
description: Archival fonds
- value: rico:Series
description: Archival series
- value: rico:Collection
description: Assembled collection
extent:
slot_uri: rico:hasExtent
description: |
Quantitative description of collection size.
RiC-O: hasExtent for size/quantity description.
Use standard archival/library metrics:
- Linear/running meters for archives
- Number of items/objects for museums
- Number of volumes/items for libraries
range: string
examples:
- value: 1,250 linear meters
description: Archival extent
- value: 125 artworks
description: Museum extent
- value: 342 manuscripts
description: Library extent
extent_item:
slot_uri: schema:numberOfItems
description: |
Numeric count of items (when countable).
Schema.org: numberOfItems for countable collections.
Use when precise item count is known.
range: integer
examples:
- value: 125
description: 125 artworks
- value: 342
description: 342 manuscripts
temporal_coverage:
slot_uri: rico:hasTemporalCoverage
description: |
Time period covered by collection materials (NOT when collected).
RiC-O: hasTemporalCoverage for date range of contents.
Distinct from has_acquisition_date (when acquired) and valid_from/valid_to
(when collection existed at custodian).
range: TimeSpan
examples:
- value:
start_date: '1602-01-01'
end_date: '1799-12-31'
description: VOC records temporal coverage
subject_area:
slot_uri: dcterms:subject
description: |
Thematic subjects covered by the collection.
Dublin Core: subject for thematic classification.
Use controlled vocabularies where possible (AAT, LCSH, UNESCO thesaurus).
range: string
multivalued: true
examples:
- value:
- Colonial trade
- Maritime history
- Dutch East Indies
- Spice trade
description: VOC records subjects
provenance_statement:
slot_uri: rico:history
description: |
Narrative description of collection provenance and history.
RiC-O: history for provenance information.
Describes how the collection was created, assembled, and transferred
to current custodian.
range: string
examples:
- value: The VOC archives were transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's
dissolution in 1799. They were initially held by the Ministry of Colonies,
then transferred to the Algemeen Rijksarchief (now Nationaal Archief)
in 1856.
custodial_history:
slot_uri: rico:history
description: |
Chain of custody - sequence of custodians who held this collection.
Lists previous custodians in chronological order.
range: string
multivalued: true
examples:
- value:
- Dutch East India Company (1602-1799)
- Ministry of Colonies (1799-1856)
- Algemeen Rijksarchief (1856-2002)
- Nationaal Archief (2002-present)
description: VOC records custodial history
has_acquisition_method:
slot_uri: crm:P24i_changed_ownership_through
description: |
How the collection was acquired by current custodian.
CIDOC-CRM: P24i_changed_ownership_through for acquisition event.
Common methods:
- PURCHASE: Bought from previous owner
- DONATION: Gift from donor
- BEQUEST: Testamentary gift
- TRANSFER: Government/institutional transfer
- DEPOSIT: Long-term loan
- RESTITUTION: Return of looted/displaced materials
range: string
examples:
- value: TRANSFER
description: Government transfer of VOC archives
- value: BEQUEST
description: Testamentary gift
has_acquisition_date:
slot_uri: crm:P4_has_time-span
description: |
Date when collection was acquired by current custodian.
range: date
examples:
- value: '1856-01-01'
description: Transfer to Algemeen Rijksarchief
has_acquisition_source:
slot_uri: prov:wasAttributedTo
description: |
Entity from whom collection was acquired.
PROV-O: wasAttributedTo for source attribution.
range: string
examples:
- value: Ministry of Colonies
description: Source of VOC archives transfer
- value: Estate of Anna Drucker-Fraser
description: Source of bequest
has_access_policy_reference:
slot_uri: premis:hasRightsDeclaration
description: |
Access policy governing this collection.
Links to AccessPolicy class defining access conditions.
PREMIS: hasRightsDeclaration for access rights.
range: AccessPolicy
examples:
- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access
description: Publicly accessible
- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/restricted-researchers
description: Researchers only
has_arrangement:
slot_uri: rico:hasArrangement
description: |
Intellectual has_arrangement or classification system.
RiC-O: hasArrangement for organizational structure.
Describes how the collection is organized:
- Provenance-based (archival)
- Chronological
- Subject-based
- Alphabetical
range: string
examples:
- value: Organized by provenance, then chronologically within each creating
office
description: Archival has_arrangement
- value: Arranged alphabetically by artist name
description: Art collection has_arrangement
has_or_had_finding_aid:
slot_uri: rico:isDescribedBy
description: |
Finding aids describing this collection.
RiC-O: isDescribedBy links RecordSet to its descriptive tools.
**Replaces the previous simple `finding_aid_url` slot.**
Collections may have multiple finding aids of different types:
- Archival inventory (detailed item/folder listing)
- Repository guide (overview description)
- Online catalog (searchable database)
- Published bibliography
Each FindingAid object includes:
- `finding_aid_type_ref` → FindingAidType (Inventory, Catalogue, Guide, etc.)
- `url` → Online access URL
- `format` → EAD, PDF, HTML, ONLINE_DATABASE
- `served_by` → DigitalPlatform hosting the finding aid
**Example**:
```yaml
has_or_had_finding_aid:
- finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory
title: "Inventory of VOC Records"
url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02"
format: ["EAD", "HTML"]
- finding_aid_type_ref: RepositoryGuide
title: "Guide to Colonial Archives"
url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/colonial-guide.pdf"
format: ["PDF"]
```
range: FindingAid
multivalued: true
inlined_as_list: true
examples:
- value:
- finding_aid_id: https://nde.nl/finding-aid/voc-inventory
title: VOC Inventory
finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory
url: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02
description: VOC finding aid
digitization_status:
slot_uri: premis:hasRelatedStatementInformation
description: |
Current digitization status of this collection.
Values:
- NOT_DIGITIZED: No digital surrogates exist
- PARTIAL: Some materials digitized
- COMPLETE: Entire collection digitized
- ONGOING: Active digitization project
range: string
examples:
- value: PARTIAL
description: 30% digitized
digital_surrogate_url:
slot_uri: edm:hasView
description: |
URL to digital surrogate/representation of collection.
EDM: hasView for digital representation.
range: uri
multivalued: true
examples:
- value: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02/download
description: Digital scans of VOC records
parent_collection:
slot_uri: rico:isOrWasIncludedIn
description: |
Parent collection (for hierarchical nesting).
RiC-O: isOrWasIncludedIn for hierarchical containment.
Enables fonds → series → sub-series → file hierarchy.
range: Collection
examples:
- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds
description: Series within VOC fonds
has_or_had_sub_collection:
slot_uri: rico:includesOrIncluded
description: |
Child collections (for hierarchical nesting).
RiC-O: includesOrIncluded for hierarchical containment.
Inverse of parent_collection.
range: Collection
multivalued: true
inlined_as_list: true
examples:
- value:
- collection_name: Hoge Regering Batavia
collection_type_ref: series
- collection_name: Kamer Amsterdam
collection_type_ref: series
description: Series within VOC fonds
item:
slot_uri: rico:hasOrHadConstituent
description: |
Individual ExhibitedObject items within this collection.
RiC-O: hasOrHadConstituent for record-level items within a RecordSet.
Links to fully-modeled ExhibitedObject entities with:
- Creator attribution
- Medium and dimensions
- Provenance information
- Conservation history
- Exhibition history
**Relationship to ExhibitedObject.part_of_collection**:
This is the inverse relationship. Collection.items → ExhibitedObject[]
corresponds to ExhibitedObject.part_of_collection → Collection.
**Use Cases**:
- Museum: Individual artworks in a named collection
- Archive: Individual documents/files in a fonds/series
- Library: Individual rare books in a special collection
**Note**: For large collections, items may be linked by reference (URI)
rather than inlined, to avoid excessive file sizes.
range: ExhibitedObject
multivalued: true
inlined: false
examples:
- value:
- https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
- https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-anatomy-lesson
- https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-goldfinch
description: Paintings in Mauritshuis collection
has_or_had_curation_activity:
slot_uri: crm:P147i_was_curated_by
description: |
Ongoing curation activities performed on this collection.
CIDOC-CRM: P147i_was_curated_by links E78_Curated_Holding to E87_Curation_Activity.
Links to CurationActivity instances representing ongoing collection management:
- Accessioning and deaccessioning
- Cataloging and inventory
- Digitization projects
- Condition surveys
- Rehousing and storage reorganization
- Provenance research
**Relationship to CurationActivity.curated_holding**:
This is the inverse relationship. Collection.curation_activities → CurationActivity[]
corresponds to CurationActivity.curated_holding → Collection.
**Use Cases**:
- Track annual inventory cycles
- Document digitization project progress
- Record collection development activities
- Monitor preservation activities
**Distinct from**:
- Exhibition: Time-bounded display events (use exhibitions slot)
- ConservationRecord: Discrete treatment actions on objects
- ProvenanceEvent: Ownership transfer events
range: CurationActivity
multivalued: true
inlined: false
examples:
- value:
- https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/activity/nationaal-archief-voc-digitization-2024
- https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/activity/nationaal-archief-inventory-2025
description: Curation activities for VOC fonds
part_of_custodian_collection:
slot_uri: crm:P46i_forms_part_of
description: |
The abstract CustodianCollection this specific Collection belongs to.
Links specific holdings back to the nominal/abstract collection aspect.
CIDOC-CRM: P46i_forms_part_of for part-whole relationship.
range: CustodianCollection
required: true
examples:
- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief
description: Part of Nationaal Archief's overall collection
valid_from:
slot_uri: schema:validFrom
description: |
Date when this collection began at current custodian.
range: date
valid_to:
slot_uri: schema:validThrough
description: |
Date when this collection ended at current custodian (if transferred/deaccessioned).
range: date
has_or_had_custodian_type:
equals_expression: '["hc:GalleryType", "hc:LibraryType", "hc:ArchiveOrganizationType", "hc:MuseumType", "hc:BioCustodianType", "hc:HolySacredSiteType"]'
specificity_annotation:
range: SpecificityAnnotation
inlined: true
template_specificity:
range: TemplateSpecificityScores
inlined: true
comments:
- Collection represents SPECIFIC, CATALOGUED holdings (not abstract nominal references)
- Distinct from CustodianCollection which is abstract/nominal
- Enables fine-grained description using RiC-O, CIDOC-CRM, BIBFRAME ontologies
- Supports hierarchical nesting (fonds → series → sub-series)
- Links to CollectionType for classification and AccessPolicy for access control
- Provenance tracking includes custodial_history, acquisition_method, has_acquisition_source
- finding_aids replaces the simple finding_aid_url slot (2025-12-09)
- items slot links to ExhibitedObject[] for individual collection objects (2026-01)
- curation_activities slot links to CurationActivity[] for ongoing management
(2026-01)
see_also:
- https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#RecordSet
- http://www.cidoc-crm.org/html/cidoc_crm_v7.1.3.html#E78
- http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Collection
- https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2668072
examples:
- value:
collection_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds
collection_name: Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)
collection_description: The VOC archives comprise the administrative records
of the Dutch East India Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution
in 1799.
collection_type_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds
record_set_type: rico:Fonds
extent: 1,250 linear meters
temporal_coverage:
start_date: '1602-01-01'
end_date: '1799-12-31'
subject_area:
- Colonial trade
- Maritime history
- Dutch East Indies
provenance_statement: Transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's dissolution
in 1799.
acquisition_method: TRANSFER
acquisition_date: '1856-01-01'
acquisition_source: Ministry of Colonies
access_policy_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access
arrangement: Organized by provenance, then chronologically
has_or_had_finding_aid:
- finding_aid_id: https://nde.nl/finding-aid/nationaal-archief-voc-inventory
title: Inventory of the Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)
finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory
url: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02
format:
- EAD
- HTML
language:
- nl
- en
digitization_status: PARTIAL
part_of_custodian_collection: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief
description: VOC archival fonds at Nationaal Archief
# NOTE: All slots are defined in centralized modules/slots/ files
# Slots used by this class: collection_id, collection_type_ref, record_set_type,
# extent_items, subject_areas, provenance_statement, custodial_history, acquisition_source,
# access_policy_ref, arrangement, finding_aids, digital_surrogate_url, parent_collection,
# has_or_had_sub_collection, items, curation_activities, part_of_custodian_collection
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