glam/schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/InformationCarrier.yaml

id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/InformationCarrier
name: InformationCarrier
title: Information Carrier Class
prefixes:
  linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/
  hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/
  schema: http://schema.org/
  crm: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
  dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
  skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
  bf: http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/
  rico: https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#
  aat: http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/
  rda: http://rdaregistry.info/termList/
imports:
- linkml:types
- ../metadata
- ./TimeSpan
- ./CustodianPlace
- ../enums/CarrierTypeEnum
- ../slots/wikidata_id
- ../slots/isbn
- ../slots/has_annotation_by
- ../slots/has_archival_reference
- ../slots/has_arrangement_level
- ../slots/has_or_had_description
- ../slots/has_or_had_provenance
- ../slots/has_or_had_type
# bookplate REMOVED - migrated to includes_or_included with Bookplate class (Rule 53)
- ../slots/includes_or_included
- ./Bookplate
- ./BindingType
- ../slots/call_number
- ../slots/carrier_type
- ../slots/carries_information
- ../slots/content_language
- ../slots/content_summary
- ../slots/copy_note
- ../slots/copy_number
- ../slots/cover_material
- ../slots/has_or_had_custodian_type
- ../slots/date_of_publication
- ../slots/doi
- ../slots/duration
- ../slots/edition_statement
- ../slots/extent_text
- ../slots/file_number
- ../slots/folio_count
- ../slots/has_or_had_fond
- ../slots/issn
- ../slots/language
- ../slots/marginalia
- ../slots/material_composition
- ../slots/oclc_number
- ../slots/ownership_stamp
- ../slots/page_count
- ../slots/parallel_title
- ../slots/place_of_publication
- ../slots/printer_publisher
- ../slots/production_method
- ../slots/script_type
- ../slots/has_or_had_series
- ../slots/shelf_mark
- ../slots/specificity_annotation
- ../slots/template_specificity
- ../slots/text_direction
- ../slots/has_or_had_label  # was: title_proper - migrated per Rule 53
- ../slots/has_or_had_label  # was: uniform_title - migrated per Rule 53
- ../slots/writing_system
- ./SpecificityAnnotation
- ./TemplateSpecificityScores
default_prefix: hc
classes:
  InformationCarrier:
    class_uri: crm:E84_Information_Carrier
    description: "A physical object that carries textual or symbolic information.\n\nModels the **carrier** (physical object)\
      \ as distinct from the **content** \n(intellectual work) it carries. Essential for libraries and archives that \nmanage\
      \ both physical and conceptual aspects of their holdings.\n\n**CIDOC-CRM Alignment**:\n\nE84_Information_Carrier - \"\
      Physical objects that were designed or have been \nused to carry symbols. These comprise man-made objects which have\
      \ symbolic \ninformation on them, and natural objects such as shells or skins bearing \nsymbolic information.\"\n\n\
      **FRBR/LRM Conceptual Model**:\n\n```\nWORK (intellectual creation)\n    │\n    └──→ EXPRESSION (realization: text,\
      \ translation)\n             │\n             └──→ MANIFESTATION (publication, edition)\n                      │\n  \
      \                    └──→ ITEM (physical copy) ← InformationCarrier\n```\n\nInformationCarrier models the **Item** level\
      \ - the specific physical \nobject held in a collection.\n\n**Key Distinction**:\n\n| Concept | Class | Example |\n\
      |---------|-------|---------|\n| Physical carrier | **InformationCarrier** | **Gutenberg Bible copy at KB** |\n| Content/Work\
      \ | E73_Information_Object | The Vulgate Latin text |\n| General object | ExhibitedObject | Painting, sculpture |\n\n\
      **When to Use InformationCarrier**:\n\nUse for physical objects primarily valued as information containers:\n- Books\
      \ (codices, bound volumes)\n- Manuscripts (handwritten documents)\n- Archival records (letters, deeds, registers)\n\
      - Maps and atlases\n- Prints and engravings with text\n- Scrolls and tablets\n- Audiovisual carriers (film reels, tapes,\
      \ discs)\n- Digital storage media\n- Inscribed objects\n\n**BIBFRAME Integration**:\n\nInformationCarrier aligns with\
      \ BIBFRAME (Library of Congress):\n- `carrier_type` → bf:carrier\n- `extent_pages` → bf:extent\n- `isbn` → bf:identifiedBy\
      \ with Isbn class\n- `call_number` → bf:shelfMark\n\n**Carrier vs. Content Model**:\n\n```\nInformationCarrier (physical)\n\
      \    │\n    ├── carrier_type (CODEX, SCROLL, VINYL_DISC, etc.)\n    ├── material_composition (paper, parchment, plastic)\n\
      \    ├── page_count / duration\n    ├── physical_condition\n    │\n    └── carries_information → [conceptual content]\n\
      \            │\n            ├── title (work title)\n            ├── language (content language)\n            ├── subject_matter\
      \ (what it's about)\n            └── abstract/summary\n```\n\n**Example**:\n\nGutenberg Bible at Koninklijke Bibliotheek:\n\
      - carrier_type: CODEX\n- material_composition: \"Paper and vellum\"\n- binding_type: \"Contemporary blind-stamped leather\"\
      \n- page_count: 1282 (leaves)\n- carries_information: \"The Latin Vulgate Bible\"\n"
    exact_mappings:
    - crm:E84_Information_Carrier
    close_mappings:
    - bf:Item
    - rico:Instantiation
    - schema:Book
    related_mappings:
    - crm:E22_Human-Made_Object
    - bf:Instance
    - schema:CreativeWork
    is_a: ExhibitedObject
    slots:
    - has_annotation_by
    - archival_reference
    - arrangement_level
    - has_or_had_description
    - has_or_had_provenance
    - has_or_had_type
    # bookplate REMOVED - migrated to includes_or_included (Rule 53)
    - includes_or_included
    - call_number
    - carrier_type
    - carries_information
    - content_language
    - content_summary
    - copy_note
    - copy_number
    - cover_material
    - has_or_had_custodian_type
    - date_of_publication
    - doi
    - duration
    - edition_statement
    - extent_text
    - file_number
    - folio_count
    - has_or_had_fond
    - isbn
    - issn
    - language
    - marginalia
    - material_composition
    - oclc_number
    - ownership_stamp
    - page_count
    - parallel_title
    - place_of_publication
    - printer_publisher
    - production_method
    - script_type
    - has_or_had_series
    - shelf_mark
    - specificity_annotation
    - template_specificity
    - text_direction
    - has_or_had_label  # was: title_proper
    - has_or_had_label  # was: uniform_title
    - writing_system
    slot_usage:
      carrier_type:
        required: true
        range: CarrierTypeEnum
        examples:
        - value: CODEX
        - value: SCROLL
        - value: VINYL_DISC
      material_composition:
        required: false
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        examples:
        - value: Paper (laid, watermarked)
        - value: Vellum
        - value: Papyrus
      page_count:
        required: false
        range: integer
        examples:
        - value: 324
      folio_count:
        required: false
        range: integer
        examples:
        - value: 162
          description: 162 folios = 324 pages
      extent_text:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: 'xii, 324 p., [8] p. of plates : ill. ; 24 cm'
        - value: '1 atlas (42 maps) : col. ; 38 cm'
      duration:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: PT45M30S
          description: 45 minutes 30 seconds
        - value: 01:32:15
      binding_type:
        required: false
        range: string
        description: |
          DEPRECATED: Use has_or_had_type with BindingType class instead.
          MIGRATION: 2026-01-13 - Replaced by has_or_had_type slot.          
        deprecated: "Use has_or_had_type with BindingType class instead"
        examples:
        - value: Full leather
        - value: Half calf over marbled boards
        - value: Limp vellum
      has_or_had_type:
        required: false
        range: BindingType
        description: |
          Type of binding for bound volumes.
          MIGRATED from binding_type (2026-01-13).
          
          Uses BindingType class hierarchy for rich type semantics.
          Common types: FullLeatherBinding, HalfLeatherBinding,
          ClothBinding, LimpVellumBinding, CaseBinding.          
        examples:
        - value: FullLeatherBinding
          description: Traditional fine leather binding
        - value: LimpVellumBinding
          description: Flexible vellum cover
      binding_description:
        required: false
        range: string
        description: >-
          DEPRECATED: Use has_or_had_description instead for binding descriptions.
          MIGRATION: 2026-01-15 - Replaced by has_or_had_description slot per Rule 53.          
        deprecated: "Use has_or_had_description instead"
        examples:
        - value: "Contemporary blind-stamped pigskin over wooden boards, \nwith brass clasps and corner pieces. Spine with\
            \ five raised bands.\n"
      has_or_had_description:
        required: false
        range: string
        description: >-
          Detailed description of the physical binding of this information carrier.
          MIGRATED from binding_description (2026-01-15) per Rule 53.
          
          Describes binding style, materials, decorative elements, and condition.
          For carriers like codices, bound manuscripts, and books.          
        examples:
        - value: "Contemporary blind-stamped pigskin over wooden boards, with brass clasps and corner pieces. Spine with five raised bands."
          description: Medieval manuscript binding
        - value: "Rebound in the 18th century in red morocco with gold tooling."
          description: Later rebinding of early printed book
      cover_material:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: Leather (calf)
        - value: Cloth (buckram)
      script_type:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: MANUSCRIPT
        - value: PRINTED
        - value: TYPESCRIPT
      writing_system:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: Latin alphabet
        - value: Cuneiform
        - value: Chinese (traditional)
      language:
        required: false
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        examples:
        - value: lat
          description: Latin
        - value: nld
          description: Dutch
      content_language:
        required: false
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        examples:
        - value: lat
        - value: grc
          description: Ancient Greek
      text_direction:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: LEFT_TO_RIGHT
        - value: RIGHT_TO_LEFT
          description: Arabic, Hebrew
      production_method:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: LETTERPRESS
        - value: LITHOGRAPHY
      printer_publisher:
        required: false
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        examples:
        - value: Johannes Gutenberg
        - value: Elsevier
      place_of_publication:
        required: false
        range: CustodianPlace
        inlined: true
        examples:
        - value:
            place_name: Mainz
            country: DE
      date_of_publication:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: c. 1455
        - value: '1623'
      edition_statement:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: First edition
        - value: Second edition, revised and enlarged
      copy_number:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: Copy 45 of 500
        - value: No. 12/100
      copy_note:
        required: false
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        examples:
        - value: Lacking title page
        - value: Rubricated throughout in red and blue
        - value: Illuminated initial on f. 1r
      marginalia:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: Extensive marginal annotations in 16th-century hand
      has_annotation_by:
        required: false
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        examples:
        - value: John Dee
        - value: Unknown 17th-century reader
      includes_or_included:
        description: >-
          MIGRATED from bookplate (Rule 53).
          Bookplate(s) present in the volume, indicating ownership.
          Range narrowed to Bookplate class.          
        required: false
        range: Bookplate
        multivalued: true
        inlined_as_list: true
        examples:
        - value:
            id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/bookplate/pembroke-001
            has_or_had_label: "Ex Libris Earl of Pembroke"
          description: Armorial bookplate of the Earl of Pembroke
      ownership_stamp:
        required: false
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        examples:
        - value: British Museum stamp on verso of title page
      has_or_had_provenance:
        required: false
        range: string
        description: >-
          Provenance information related to the physical binding of this information carrier.
          MIGRATED from binding_provenance (2026-01-15) per Rule 53.
          
          Describes the historical ownership or commissioning context of the binding,
          such as royal presentation bindings or notable previous owners' bindings.          
        examples:
        - value: Bound for presentation to Elizabeth I, royal arms in gold
          description: Royal presentation binding provenance
      isbn:
        required: false
        range: string
        pattern: ^(97[89])?\d{9}[\dXx]$
        examples:
        - value: '9780198123569'
        - value: 0198123566
      issn:
        required: false
        range: string
        pattern: ^\d{4}-?\d{3}[\dXx]$
        examples:
        - value: 0028-0836
          description: Nature
      doi:
        required: false
        range: string
        pattern: ^10\..+/.+$
        examples:
        - value: 10.1000/xyz123
      oclc_number:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: '12345678'
      call_number:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: BS75.A1 1455
        - value: Inc. 1
          description: Incunabula collection number
      shelf_mark:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: MS. Royal 1.A.XVIII
        - value: Add. MS 43725
      has_archival_reference:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: NL-HaNA/2.21.006.50
          description: Dutch National Archives reference
      has_or_had_fond:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: VOC Archives
        - value: Roosevelt Papers
      has_or_had_series:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: Correspondence, 1933-1945
      file_number:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: File 123, Item 45
      has_arrangement_level:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: ITEM
        - value: FILE
      carries_information:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: Vulgate Latin Bible
        - value: Hamlet by William Shakespeare
      has_or_had_label:  # was: title_proper
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: Biblia Latina
        - value: Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies
      parallel_title:
        required: false
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        examples:
        - value: The Holy Bible (English parallel title)
      has_or_had_label:  # was: uniform_title
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: Bible. Latin. Vulgate. 1455
      content_summary:
        required: false
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: "The Gutenberg Bible is the first substantial book printed \nwith movable metal type. Contains the complete\
            \ Latin Vulgate \ntext of the Old and New Testaments.\n"
      has_or_had_custodian_type:
        equals_expression: '["hc:LibraryType", "hc:ArchiveOrganizationType", "hc:ResearchOrganizationType", "hc:MuseumType",
          "hc:HolySacredSiteType"]'
    comments:
    - InformationCarrier extends ExhibitedObject with carrier-specific fields
    - Aligned with BIBFRAME, RDA, and RiC-O vocabularies
    - Supports libraries, archives, and special collections
    - Distinguishes physical carrier from intellectual content
    - Includes bibliographic identifiers and archival context
    see_also:
    - https://cidoc-crm.org/html/cidoc_crm_v7.1.3.html#E84
    - https://www.loc.gov/bibframe/
    - https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology
    - https://www.ifla.org/publications/node/11240
    examples:
    - value:
        object_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/kb-gutenberg-bible
        object_name: Gutenberg Bible (KB copy)
        object_description: "One of fewer than 50 surviving copies of the Gutenberg Bible, \nthe first substantial book printed\
          \ with movable metal type.\nThis paper copy was acquired by the Koninklijke Bibliotheek in 1807.\n"
        carrier_type: CODEX
        material_composition:
        - Paper (handmade, watermarked)
        folio_count: 641
        binding_type: 18th-century full leather
        has_or_had_description: 'Rebound in the 18th century in red morocco with gold tooling.

          Five raised bands on spine with gilt lettering.

          '
        production_method: LETTERPRESS
        printer_publisher:
        - Johannes Gutenberg
        place_of_publication:
          place_name: Mainz
          country: DE
        date_of_publication: c. 1455
        script_type: PRINTED
        writing_system: Latin alphabet
        content_language:
        - lat
        carries_information: Bible. Latin. Vulgate
        title_proper: Biblia Latina
        uniform_title: Bible. Latin. Vulgate. 1455
        call_number: Inc. 1
        copy_note:
        - Complete copy on paper (2 volumes)
        - Rubricated in red and blue
        current_keeper: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian/nl/koninklijke-bibliotheek
        wikidata_id: Q178401
      description: Gutenberg Bible at Koninklijke Bibliotheek
    - value:
        object_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/bl-codex-sinaiticus
        object_name: Codex Sinaiticus (British Library portion)
        object_description: "4th-century manuscript of the Greek Bible, one of the oldest \nand most important Biblical manuscripts.\
          \ The British Library \nholds 347 leaves of this codex.\n"
        carrier_type: CODEX
        material_composition:
        - Parchment (vellum)
        folio_count: 347
        script_type: MANUSCRIPT
        writing_system: Greek uncial
        content_language:
        - grc
        date_of_publication: 4th century CE
        carries_information: Septuagint and Greek New Testament
        uniform_title: Bible. Greek
        shelf_mark: Add. MS 43725
        current_keeper: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian/uk/british-library
        wikidata_id: Q151610
      description: Codex Sinaiticus at British Library
    - value:
        object_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/nara-declaration-independence
        object_name: Declaration of Independence (engrossed parchment)
        object_description: "The official engrossed parchment copy of the Declaration of \nIndependence, signed by 56 delegates\
          \ to the Continental Congress.\n"
        carrier_type: PARCHMENT_LEAF
        material_composition:
        - Parchment (sheepskin)
        script_type: MANUSCRIPT
        writing_system: Latin alphabet
        content_language:
        - eng
        date_of_publication: '1776-08-02'
        archival_reference: NARA 1419
        fonds: Records of the Continental and Confederation Congresses
        arrangement_level: ITEM
        current_keeper: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian/us/national-archives
        wikidata_id: Q127885
      description: Declaration of Independence at National Archives