glam/frontend/public/schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/Collection.yaml

id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/Collection
name: collection_class
title: Collection Class
prefixes:
  linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/
  hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/
  crm: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
  rico: https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#
  bf: http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/
  dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
  premis: http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v3/
  prov: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
  schema: http://schema.org/
  skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
  wd: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
  edm: http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/
default_prefix: hc
imports:
- linkml:types
- ./CustodianCollection
- ./CollectionType
- ./AccessPolicy
- ./TimeSpan
- ./FindingAid
- ./ExhibitedObject
- ./CurationActivity
- ../slots/access_policy_ref
- ../slots/acquisition_date
- ../slots/acquisition_method
- ../slots/acquisition_source
- ../slots/arrangement
- ../slots/class_metadata_slots
- ../slots/collection_description
- ../slots/collection_id
- ../slots/collection_name
- ../slots/collection_type_ref
- ../slots/curation_activities
- ../slots/custodial_history
- ../slots/digital_surrogate_url
- ../slots/digitization_status
- ../slots/extent
- ../slots/extent_items
- ../slots/finding_aids
- ../slots/items
- ../slots/parent_collection
- ../slots/part_of_custodian_collection
- ../slots/provenance_statement
- ../slots/rico_record_set_type
- ../slots/sub_collections
- ../slots/subject_areas
- ../slots/temporal_coverage
- ../slots/valid_from
- ../slots/valid_to
classes:
  Collection:
    class_uri: rico:RecordSet
    description: |
      Specific, inventoried heritage holdings with fine-grained cataloguing detail.

      **CRITICAL DISTINCTION**:

      | CustodianCollection | Collection (THIS CLASS) |
      |---------------------|------------------------|
      | Abstract/nominal reference | Specific, catalogued holdings |
      | Entire collection of a Custodian | Individual fonds, series, or named collections |
      | Vague ("the museum's collection") | Precise ("the Van Gogh correspondence collection") |
      | Top-level container | Nested within CustodianCollection |
      | crm:E78_Curated_Holding | rico:RecordSet |

      **ONTOLOGY ALIGNMENT**:

      1. **RiC-O (Records in Contexts)**:
         - `rico:RecordSet` - "A record set is a group of record(s), made and/or assembled
           by one or more agent(s), characterized by a common provenance and/or by being
           received/maintained by the same custodian."
         - Enables: series, fonds, sub-fonds, sub-series hierarchies
         - Properties: rico:hasRecordSetType, rico:hasExtent, rico:hasTemporalCoverage

      2. **CIDOC-CRM**:
         - Close mapping to crm:E78_Curated_Holding (at specific level)
         - crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing for physical collections

      3. **BIBFRAME**:
         - bf:Collection for library special collections
         - bf:Item for individual physical items within

      4. **Europeana Data Model**:
         - edm:ProvidedCHO for cultural heritage objects
         - edm:hasView for digital representations

      **HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE**:

      ```
      Custodian (hub)
        │
        └── CustodianCollection (aspect - abstract/nominal)
              │
              └── Collection (THIS CLASS - specific holdings)
                    ├── CollectionType (classification)
                    ├── AccessPolicy (access restrictions)
                    ├── sub_collections → Collection[] (nested hierarchy)
                    │     └── Collection (sub-fonds, series, etc.)
                    └── items → ExhibitedObject[] (individual objects)
      ```

      **USE CASES**:

      1. **Archival Fonds**:
         ```yaml
         Collection:
           collection_name: "Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)"
           collection_type: FONDS
           rico_record_set_type: rico:Fonds
           extent: "1,250 linear meters"
           temporal_coverage: "1602-1799"
           provenance: "Dutch East India Company (VOC)"
         ```

      2. **Museum Named Collection**:
         ```yaml
         Collection:
           collection_name: "Drucker-Fraser Collection"
           collection_type: NAMED_COLLECTION
           extent: "125 artworks"
           acquisition_method: "Bequest (1937)"
           access_policy: OPEN_ACCESS
         ```

      3. **Library Special Collection**:
         ```yaml
         Collection:
           collection_name: "Medieval Manuscripts Collection"
           collection_type: SPECIAL_COLLECTION
           bf_collection_type: bf:Collection
           extent: "342 manuscripts, 12th-15th century"
           temporal_coverage: "1100-1500"
         ```

      **PROVENANCE TRACKING**:

      Collection provenance is tracked through:
      - `provenance_statement` - Narrative provenance description
      - `custodial_history` - Chain of custody
      - `acquisition_method` - How acquired (purchase, donation, transfer, bequest)
      - `acquisition_date` - When acquired
      - `acquisition_source` - From whom acquired

      **ACCESS CONTROL**:

      Collections link to AccessPolicy for:
      - Open access (publicly available)
      - Restricted access (researchers only)
      - Closed access (temporary closure, embargo)
      - Partial access (portions available)      
    exact_mappings:
    - rico:RecordSet
    - wikidata:Q2668072
    close_mappings:
    - crm:E78_Curated_Holding
    - bf:Collection
    - edm:ProvidedCHO
    related_mappings:
    - crm:E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing
    - rico:Record
    - bf:Item
    slots:
    - access_policy_ref
    - acquisition_date
    - acquisition_method
    - acquisition_source
    - arrangement
    - collection_description
    - collection_id
    - collection_name
    - collection_type_ref
    - curation_activities
    - custodial_history
    - custodian_types
    - custodian_types_rationale
    - digital_surrogate_url
    - digitization_status
    - extent
    - extent_items
    - finding_aids
    - items
    - parent_collection
    - part_of_custodian_collection
    - provenance_statement
    - rico_record_set_type
    - specificity_annotation
    - sub_collections
    - subject_areas
    - template_specificity
    - temporal_coverage
    - valid_from
    - valid_to
    slot_usage:
      collection_id:
        slot_uri: dcterms:identifier
        description: |
          Unique identifier for this specific collection.
          Format: URI following NDE Heritage Custodian ontology conventions.          
        range: uriorcurie
        required: true
        identifier: true
        examples:
        - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds
          description: VOC fonds at the National Archives
      collection_name:
        slot_uri: rico:title
        description: |
          Official name of this specific collection.

          RiC-O: title for the name of a RecordSet.

          Use the established collection name from finding aids, catalogs, or
          official documentation.          
        range: string
        required: true
        examples:
        - value: Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)
          description: Archival fonds name
        - value: Drucker-Fraser Collection
          description: Museum named collection
        - value: Medieval Manuscripts Collection
          description: Library special collection
      collection_description:
        slot_uri: rico:scopeAndContent
        description: |
          Narrative description of the collection's contents, scope, and significance.

          RiC-O: scopeAndContent for detailed description of what the collection contains.          
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: The VOC archives comprise the administrative records of the Dutch
            East India Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution in
            1799. The fonds includes correspondence, resolutions, journals, accounts,
            ship's logs, and maps documenting trade relations across Asia.
      collection_type_ref:
        slot_uri: rico:hasRecordSetType
        description: |
          Classification of this collection from CollectionType hierarchy.

          RiC-O: hasRecordSetType links RecordSet to its classification.

          Provides semantic classification (fonds, series, special collection, etc.)
          distinguishing this Collection from generic CustodianCollection references.          
        range: CollectionType
        required: true
        examples:
        - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds
          description: Archival fonds
        - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/special-collection
          description: Library special collection
      rico_record_set_type:
        slot_uri: rico:hasRecordSetType
        description: |
          Direct mapping to RiC-O RecordSetType vocabulary.

          Standard RiC-O record set types:
          - rico:Fonds - Archival fonds (provenance-based)
          - rico:Series - Archival series
          - rico:File - Archival file
          - rico:Collection - Assembled collection (not provenance-based)

          Use for RDF interoperability with archival systems.          
        range: uriorcurie
        examples:
        - value: rico:Fonds
          description: Archival fonds
        - value: rico:Series
          description: Archival series
        - value: rico:Collection
          description: Assembled collection
      extent:
        slot_uri: rico:hasExtent
        description: |
          Quantitative description of collection size.

          RiC-O: hasExtent for size/quantity description.

          Use standard archival/library metrics:
          - Linear/running meters for archives
          - Number of items/objects for museums
          - Number of volumes/items for libraries          
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: 1,250 linear meters
          description: Archival extent
        - value: 125 artworks
          description: Museum extent
        - value: 342 manuscripts
          description: Library extent
      extent_items:
        slot_uri: schema:numberOfItems
        description: |
          Numeric count of items (when countable).

          Schema.org: numberOfItems for countable collections.

          Use when precise item count is known.          
        range: integer
        examples:
        - value: 125
          description: 125 artworks
        - value: 342
          description: 342 manuscripts
      temporal_coverage:
        slot_uri: rico:hasTemporalCoverage
        description: |
          Time period covered by collection materials (NOT when collected).

          RiC-O: hasTemporalCoverage for date range of contents.

          Distinct from acquisition_date (when acquired) and valid_from/valid_to
          (when collection existed at custodian).          
        range: TimeSpan
        examples:
        - value:
            start_date: '1602-01-01'
            end_date: '1799-12-31'
          description: VOC records temporal coverage
      subject_areas:
        slot_uri: dcterms:subject
        description: |
          Thematic subjects covered by the collection.

          Dublin Core: subject for thematic classification.

          Use controlled vocabularies where possible (AAT, LCSH, UNESCO thesaurus).          
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        examples:
        - value:
          - Colonial trade
          - Maritime history
          - Dutch East Indies
          - Spice trade
          description: VOC records subjects
      provenance_statement:
        slot_uri: rico:history
        description: |
          Narrative description of collection provenance and history.

          RiC-O: history for provenance information.

          Describes how the collection was created, assembled, and transferred
          to current custodian.          
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: The VOC archives were transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's
            dissolution in 1799. They were initially held by the Ministry of Colonies,
            then transferred to the Algemeen Rijksarchief (now Nationaal Archief)
            in 1856.
      custodial_history:
        slot_uri: rico:history
        description: |
          Chain of custody - sequence of custodians who held this collection.

          Lists previous custodians in chronological order.          
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        examples:
        - value:
          - Dutch East India Company (1602-1799)
          - Ministry of Colonies (1799-1856)
          - Algemeen Rijksarchief (1856-2002)
          - Nationaal Archief (2002-present)
          description: VOC records custodial history
      acquisition_method:
        slot_uri: crm:P24i_changed_ownership_through
        description: |
          How the collection was acquired by current custodian.

          CIDOC-CRM: P24i_changed_ownership_through for acquisition event.

          Common methods:
          - PURCHASE: Bought from previous owner
          - DONATION: Gift from donor
          - BEQUEST: Testamentary gift
          - TRANSFER: Government/institutional transfer
          - DEPOSIT: Long-term loan
          - RESTITUTION: Return of looted/displaced materials          
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: TRANSFER
          description: Government transfer of VOC archives
        - value: BEQUEST
          description: Testamentary gift
      acquisition_date:
        slot_uri: crm:P4_has_time-span
        description: |
          Date when collection was acquired by current custodian.          
        range: date
        examples:
        - value: '1856-01-01'
          description: Transfer to Algemeen Rijksarchief
      acquisition_source:
        slot_uri: prov:wasAttributedTo
        description: |
          Entity from whom collection was acquired.

          PROV-O: wasAttributedTo for source attribution.          
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: Ministry of Colonies
          description: Source of VOC archives transfer
        - value: Estate of Anna Drucker-Fraser
          description: Source of bequest
      access_policy_ref:
        slot_uri: premis:hasRightsDeclaration
        description: |
          Access policy governing this collection.

          Links to AccessPolicy class defining access conditions.

          PREMIS: hasRightsDeclaration for access rights.          
        range: AccessPolicy
        examples:
        - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access
          description: Publicly accessible
        - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/restricted-researchers
          description: Researchers only
      arrangement:
        slot_uri: rico:hasArrangement
        description: |
          Intellectual arrangement or classification system.

          RiC-O: hasArrangement for organizational structure.

          Describes how the collection is organized:
          - Provenance-based (archival)
          - Chronological
          - Subject-based
          - Alphabetical          
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: Organized by provenance, then chronologically within each creating
            office
          description: Archival arrangement
        - value: Arranged alphabetically by artist name
          description: Art collection arrangement
      finding_aids:
        slot_uri: rico:isDescribedBy
        description: |
          Finding aids describing this collection.

          RiC-O: isDescribedBy links RecordSet to its descriptive tools.

          **Replaces the previous simple `finding_aid_url` slot.**

          Collections may have multiple finding aids of different types:
          - Archival inventory (detailed item/folder listing)
          - Repository guide (overview description)
          - Online catalog (searchable database)
          - Published bibliography

          Each FindingAid object includes:
          - `finding_aid_type_ref` → FindingAidType (Inventory, Catalogue, Guide, etc.)
          - `url` → Online access URL
          - `format` → EAD, PDF, HTML, ONLINE_DATABASE
          - `served_by` → DigitalPlatform hosting the finding aid

          **Example**:
          ```yaml
          finding_aids:
            - finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory
              title: "Inventory of VOC Records"
              url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02"
              format: ["EAD", "HTML"]
            - finding_aid_type_ref: RepositoryGuide
              title: "Guide to Colonial Archives"
              url: "https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/colonial-guide.pdf"
              format: ["PDF"]
          ```          
        range: FindingAid
        multivalued: true
        inlined_as_list: true
        examples:
        - value:
          - finding_aid_id: https://nde.nl/finding-aid/voc-inventory
            title: VOC Inventory
            finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory
            url: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02
          description: VOC finding aid
      digitization_status:
        slot_uri: premis:hasRelatedStatementInformation
        description: |
          Current digitization status of this collection.

          Values:
          - NOT_DIGITIZED: No digital surrogates exist
          - PARTIAL: Some materials digitized
          - COMPLETE: Entire collection digitized
          - ONGOING: Active digitization project          
        range: string
        examples:
        - value: PARTIAL
          description: 30% digitized
      digital_surrogate_url:
        slot_uri: edm:hasView
        description: |
          URL to digital surrogate/representation of collection.

          EDM: hasView for digital representation.          
        range: uri
        multivalued: true
        examples:
        - value: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02/download
          description: Digital scans of VOC records
      parent_collection:
        slot_uri: rico:isOrWasIncludedIn
        description: |
          Parent collection (for hierarchical nesting).

          RiC-O: isOrWasIncludedIn for hierarchical containment.

          Enables fonds → series → sub-series → file hierarchy.          
        range: Collection
        examples:
        - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds
          description: Series within VOC fonds
      sub_collections:
        slot_uri: rico:includesOrIncluded
        description: |
          Child collections (for hierarchical nesting).

          RiC-O: includesOrIncluded for hierarchical containment.

          Inverse of parent_collection.          
        range: Collection
        multivalued: true
        inlined_as_list: true
        examples:
        - value:
          - collection_name: Hoge Regering Batavia
            collection_type_ref: series
          - collection_name: Kamer Amsterdam
            collection_type_ref: series
          description: Series within VOC fonds
      items:
        slot_uri: rico:hasOrHadConstituent
        description: |
          Individual ExhibitedObject items within this collection.

          RiC-O: hasOrHadConstituent for record-level items within a RecordSet.

          Links to fully-modeled ExhibitedObject entities with:
          - Creator attribution
          - Medium and dimensions
          - Provenance information
          - Conservation history
          - Exhibition history

          **Relationship to ExhibitedObject.part_of_collection**:
          This is the inverse relationship. Collection.items → ExhibitedObject[]
          corresponds to ExhibitedObject.part_of_collection → Collection.

          **Use Cases**:
          - Museum: Individual artworks in a named collection
          - Archive: Individual documents/files in a fonds/series
          - Library: Individual rare books in a special collection

          **Note**: For large collections, items may be linked by reference (URI)
          rather than inlined, to avoid excessive file sizes.          
        range: ExhibitedObject
        multivalued: true
        inlined: false
        examples:
        - value:
          - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
          - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-anatomy-lesson
          - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-goldfinch
          description: Paintings in Mauritshuis collection
      curation_activities:
        slot_uri: crm:P147i_was_curated_by
        description: |
          Ongoing curation activities performed on this collection.

          CIDOC-CRM: P147i_was_curated_by links E78_Curated_Holding to E87_Curation_Activity.

          Links to CurationActivity instances representing ongoing collection management:
          - Accessioning and deaccessioning
          - Cataloging and inventory
          - Digitization projects
          - Condition surveys
          - Rehousing and storage reorganization
          - Provenance research

          **Relationship to CurationActivity.curated_holding**:
          This is the inverse relationship. Collection.curation_activities → CurationActivity[]
          corresponds to CurationActivity.curated_holding → Collection.

          **Use Cases**:
          - Track annual inventory cycles
          - Document digitization project progress
          - Record collection development activities
          - Monitor preservation activities

          **Distinct from**:
          - Exhibition: Time-bounded display events (use exhibitions slot)
          - ConservationRecord: Discrete treatment actions on objects
          - ProvenanceEvent: Ownership transfer events          
        range: CurationActivity
        multivalued: true
        inlined: false
        examples:
        - value:
          - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/activity/nationaal-archief-voc-digitization-2024
          - https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/activity/nationaal-archief-inventory-2025
          description: Curation activities for VOC fonds
      part_of_custodian_collection:
        slot_uri: crm:P46i_forms_part_of
        description: |
          The abstract CustodianCollection this specific Collection belongs to.

          Links specific holdings back to the nominal/abstract collection aspect.

          CIDOC-CRM: P46i_forms_part_of for part-whole relationship.          
        range: CustodianCollection
        required: true
        examples:
        - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief
          description: Part of Nationaal Archief's overall collection
      valid_from:
        slot_uri: schema:validFrom
        description: |
          Date when this collection began at current custodian.          
        range: date
      valid_to:
        slot_uri: schema:validThrough
        description: |
          Date when this collection ended at current custodian (if transferred/deaccessioned).          
        range: date
      custodian_types:
        equals_expression: '["hc:GalleryType", "hc:LibraryType", "hc:ArchiveOrganizationType", "hc:MuseumType", "hc:BioCustodianType", "hc:HolySacredSiteType"]'
      custodian_types_rationale:
        equals_string: 'Collection is relevant to institutions that hold catalogued
          collections: Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums, Botanical gardens/zoos,
          Holy sites'
      specificity_annotation:
        range: SpecificityAnnotation
        inlined: true
      template_specificity:
        range: TemplateSpecificityScores
        inlined: true
    comments:
    - Collection represents SPECIFIC, CATALOGUED holdings (not abstract nominal references)
    - Distinct from CustodianCollection which is abstract/nominal
    - Enables fine-grained description using RiC-O, CIDOC-CRM, BIBFRAME ontologies
    - Supports hierarchical nesting (fonds → series → sub-series)
    - Links to CollectionType for classification and AccessPolicy for access control
    - Provenance tracking includes custodial_history, acquisition_method, acquisition_source
    - finding_aids replaces the simple finding_aid_url slot (2025-12-09)
    - items slot links to ExhibitedObject[] for individual collection objects (2026-01)
    - curation_activities slot links to CurationActivity[] for ongoing management
      (2026-01)
    see_also:
    - https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#RecordSet
    - http://www.cidoc-crm.org/html/cidoc_crm_v7.1.3.html#E78
    - http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Collection
    - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2668072
    examples:
    - value:
        collection_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection/nationaal-archief-voc-fonds
        collection_name: Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)
        collection_description: The VOC archives comprise the administrative records
          of the Dutch East India Company from its founding in 1602 until its dissolution
          in 1799.
        collection_type_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/collection-type/fonds
        rico_record_set_type: rico:Fonds
        extent: 1,250 linear meters
        temporal_coverage:
          start_date: '1602-01-01'
          end_date: '1799-12-31'
        subject_areas:
        - Colonial trade
        - Maritime history
        - Dutch East Indies
        provenance_statement: Transferred to the Dutch state upon the company's dissolution
          in 1799.
        acquisition_method: TRANSFER
        acquisition_date: '1856-01-01'
        acquisition_source: Ministry of Colonies
        access_policy_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/access-policy/open-access
        arrangement: Organized by provenance, then chronologically
        finding_aids:
        - finding_aid_id: https://nde.nl/finding-aid/nationaal-archief-voc-inventory
          title: Inventory of the Records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)
          finding_aid_type_ref: ArchivalInventory
          url: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02
          format:
          - EAD
          - HTML
          language:
          - nl
          - en
        digitization_status: PARTIAL
        part_of_custodian_collection: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian-collection/nationaal-archief
      description: VOC archival fonds at Nationaal Archief

# NOTE: All slots are defined in centralized modules/slots/ files
# Slots used by this class: collection_id, collection_type_ref, rico_record_set_type,
# extent_items, subject_areas, provenance_statement, custodial_history, acquisition_source,
# access_policy_ref, arrangement, finding_aids, digital_surrogate_url, parent_collection,
# sub_collections, items, curation_activities, part_of_custodian_collection