814 lines
38 KiB
JSON
814 lines
38 KiB
JSON
[
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{
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"id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/ly/leptis-magna-site",
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"name": "Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna",
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"alternative_names": [
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"Leptis Magna",
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"موقع لبدة الأثري",
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"Lepcis Magna"
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],
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"institution_type": "ARCHIVE",
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"description": "UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982 (UNESCO ID 183), one of the most spectacular and unspoiled Roman ruins in the Mediterranean. Major Phoenician/Punic trading port settled c. 1100 BC, becoming one of Rome's most prominent cities under Emperor Septimius Severus (native of Leptis). Site spans approximately 400 hectares with monumental Forum, Severan Basilica, theater, amphitheater, circus, Hadrianic Baths, and extensive harbor facilities. Currently on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger due to security concerns and lack of conservation since 2011. Documentation available in 8 languages. Contains extensive archives of archaeological findings and over 600 digitized documents in the Red Castle trilingual database.",
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"locations": [
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{
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"city": "Al Khums",
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"region": "Murqub",
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"country": "LY"
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}
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],
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"identifiers": [
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{
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"identifier_scheme": "UNESCO",
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"identifier_value": "183",
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"identifier_url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/183"
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},
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{
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"identifier_scheme": "Website",
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"identifier_value": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/183",
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"identifier_url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/183"
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}
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],
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"collections": [
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{
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"collection_name": "Leptis Magna Archaeological Documentation",
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"collection_type": "archival",
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"subject_areas": [
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"Roman Archaeology",
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"Phoenician Heritage",
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"Ancient Architecture",
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"Monumental Sculpture"
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],
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"temporal_coverage": "1100 BCE/present",
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"extent": "600+ digitized documents, extensive photographic archives",
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"access_rights": "Open to researchers with permissions"
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}
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],
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"change_history": [
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/leptis-magna-founding",
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"change_type": "FOUNDING",
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"event_date": "-1100-01-01",
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"event_description": "Founded as Phoenician/Punic trading settlement circa 1100 BC.",
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"source_documentation": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/183"
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},
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/leptis-magna-unesco",
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"change_type": "STATUS_CHANGE",
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"event_date": "1982-01-01",
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"event_description": "Inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List as site ID 183.",
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"source_documentation": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/183"
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},
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/leptis-magna-danger",
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"change_type": "STATUS_CHANGE",
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"event_date": "2016-07-15",
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"event_description": "Added to UNESCO List of World Heritage in Danger due to security concerns and lack of conservation management following 2011 conflict.",
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"source_documentation": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/183"
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}
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],
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"provenance": {
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"data_source": "CONVERSATION_NLP",
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"data_tier": "TIER_4_INFERRED",
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"extraction_date": "2025-11-09T00:00:00Z",
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"extraction_method": "AI agent comprehensive extraction from Libyan GLAM conversation - Batch 3",
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"confidence_score": 0.94,
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"conversation_id": "d06ded03-ba79-4b79-b068-406c2da01f8c"
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}
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},
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{
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"id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/ly/cyrene-site",
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"name": "Archaeological Site of Cyrene",
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"alternative_names": [
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"Cyrene",
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"Shahat",
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"شحات",
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"Kyrene"
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],
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"institution_type": "ARCHIVE",
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"description": "UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982 (UNESCO ID 190), one of the principal cities of the Hellenic world and oldest Greek colony in North Africa (founded 631 BC). Features the monumental Temple of Zeus (larger than Parthenon), extensive necropolis, sanctuary of Apollo, Roman baths, theater, and Byzantine basilicas. Major center of philosophy (Cyrenaics school) and medicine in antiquity. Suffered catastrophic damage from Storm Daniel floods in September 2023, with soil erosion reaching 5 meters deep exposing previously unknown Roman drainage systems. Site spans multiple terraces on Jabal al-Akhdar plateau. Currently on UNESCO List of World Heritage in Danger. Ongoing Italian archaeological missions led by University of Chieti-Pescara focus on necropolis excavations despite access challenges.",
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"locations": [
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{
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"city": "Shahhat",
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"region": "Al Bayda",
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"country": "LY"
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}
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],
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"identifiers": [
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{
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"identifier_scheme": "UNESCO",
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"identifier_value": "190",
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"identifier_url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/190"
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},
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{
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"identifier_scheme": "Website",
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"identifier_value": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/190",
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"identifier_url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/190"
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}
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],
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"collections": [
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{
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"collection_name": "Cyrene Archaeological Collection",
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"collection_type": "archival",
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"subject_areas": [
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"Greek Archaeology",
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"Hellenistic Heritage",
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"Ancient Philosophy",
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"Roman Provincial Architecture"
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],
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"temporal_coverage": "-631/present",
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"extent": "Extensive archaeological documentation, ongoing excavation records",
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"access_rights": "Research access with international partnerships"
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}
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],
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"change_history": [
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/cyrene-founding",
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"change_type": "FOUNDING",
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"event_date": "-0631-01-01",
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"event_description": "Founded as Greek colony in 631 BC, becoming one of the principal cities of the Hellenic world.",
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"source_documentation": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/190"
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},
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/cyrene-unesco",
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"change_type": "STATUS_CHANGE",
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"event_date": "1982-01-01",
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"event_description": "Inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List as site ID 190.",
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"source_documentation": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/190"
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},
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/cyrene-storm-daniel",
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"change_type": "STATUS_CHANGE",
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"event_date": "2023-09-10",
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"event_description": "Suffered severe damage from Storm Daniel floods, with soil erosion reaching 5 meters deep and exposing previously unknown Roman drainage systems.",
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"source_documentation": "Conversation: Storm Daniel 2023 impact assessment"
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}
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],
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"provenance": {
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"data_source": "CONVERSATION_NLP",
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"data_tier": "TIER_4_INFERRED",
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"extraction_date": "2025-11-09T00:00:00Z",
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"extraction_method": "AI agent comprehensive extraction from Libyan GLAM conversation - Batch 3",
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"confidence_score": 0.92,
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"conversation_id": "d06ded03-ba79-4b79-b068-406c2da01f8c"
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}
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},
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{
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"id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/ly/sabratha-site",
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"name": "Archaeological Site of Sabratha",
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"alternative_names": [
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"Sabratha",
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"صبراتة",
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"Sabratah"
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],
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"institution_type": "ARCHIVE",
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"description": "UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982 (UNESCO ID 192), ancient Phoenician trading post established c. 500 BC, later becoming major Roman port city. Most famous for remarkably preserved 3-story Roman theater seating 5,000 spectators, considered one of the finest in the Mediterranean. Site includes Forum, Temple of Isis, Temple of Liber Pater, Antonine Temple, Justinian Byzantine basilicas, and extensive mosaic pavements. Recent renovations completed with site museum reopened. Two distinct museums on-site: Classical Museum displaying Roman statuary including torso of Emperor Vespasian and exceptional mosaics; Punic Museum (founded 1985) preserving Carthaginian pottery, tombstones, and mummies. Currently on UNESCO List of World Heritage in Danger. ASOR partnership programs include 'Museum in a Suitcase' educational initiatives.",
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"locations": [
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{
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"city": "Sabratha",
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"region": "An Nuqat al Khams",
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"country": "LY"
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}
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],
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"identifiers": [
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{
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"identifier_scheme": "UNESCO",
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"identifier_value": "192",
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"identifier_url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/192"
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},
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{
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"identifier_scheme": "Website",
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"identifier_value": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/192",
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"identifier_url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/192"
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}
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],
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"collections": [
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{
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"collection_name": "Sabratha Archaeological Collection",
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"collection_type": "museum objects",
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"subject_areas": [
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"Phoenician Heritage",
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"Roman Theater Architecture",
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"Ancient Mosaics",
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"Punic Civilization"
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],
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"temporal_coverage": "-500/600",
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"extent": "Two museums: Classical (Roman period) and Punic (Carthaginian period)",
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"access_rights": "Open with entrance fees, recently renovated"
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}
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],
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"change_history": [
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/sabratha-founding",
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"change_type": "FOUNDING",
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"event_date": "-0500-01-01",
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"event_description": "Established as Phoenician trading post circa 500 BC.",
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"source_documentation": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/192"
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},
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/sabratha-unesco",
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"change_type": "STATUS_CHANGE",
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"event_date": "1982-01-01",
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"event_description": "Inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List as site ID 192.",
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"source_documentation": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/192"
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},
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/sabratha-punic-museum",
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"change_type": "FOUNDING",
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"event_date": "1985-01-01",
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"event_description": "Punic Museum founded to preserve Carthaginian pottery, tombstones, and mummies.",
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"source_documentation": "Conversation: Sabratha Museum section"
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}
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],
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"provenance": {
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"data_source": "CONVERSATION_NLP",
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"data_tier": "TIER_4_INFERRED",
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"extraction_date": "2025-11-09T00:00:00Z",
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"extraction_method": "AI agent comprehensive extraction from Libyan GLAM conversation - Batch 3",
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"confidence_score": 0.93,
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"conversation_id": "d06ded03-ba79-4b79-b068-406c2da01f8c"
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}
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},
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{
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"id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/ly/ghadames-oldtown",
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"name": "Old Town of Ghadamès",
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"alternative_names": [
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"Ghadamès",
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"غدامس",
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"Ghadames",
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"Pearl of the Desert"
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],
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"institution_type": "ARCHIVE",
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"description": "UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986 (UNESCO ID 362), one of the oldest pre-Saharan cities and finest examples of traditional settlement. Known as 'Pearl of the Desert', represents outstanding example of traditional human settlement with covered alleyways creating unique microclimate. Distinctive three-story architecture: ground floor for storage, first floor for family living, open rooftop terraces for women's social networks. Houses 1,000+ manuscripts in private libraries including Tendirin Mosque Library (37 manuscripts). Partnership with ASOR and Hill Museum for manuscript digitization. Was on UNESCO List of World Heritage in Danger 2016-2025, officially removed from danger list in 2025 following security improvements and conservation progress. Strong Amazigh/Berber cultural heritage with ongoing preservation of traditional architecture and crafts.",
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"locations": [
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{
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"city": "Ghadamès",
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"region": "Nalut",
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"country": "LY"
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}
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],
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"identifiers": [
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{
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"identifier_scheme": "UNESCO",
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"identifier_value": "362",
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"identifier_url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/362"
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},
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{
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"identifier_scheme": "Website",
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"identifier_value": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/362",
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"identifier_url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/362"
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}
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],
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"collections": [
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{
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"collection_name": "Ghadamès Manuscript Collections",
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"collection_type": "archival",
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"subject_areas": [
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"Islamic Manuscripts",
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"Saharan Trade History",
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"Amazigh Heritage",
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"Traditional Architecture"
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],
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"temporal_coverage": "500/present",
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"extent": "1,000+ manuscripts in private libraries, 37 manuscripts in Tendirin Mosque Library",
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"access_rights": "Partnership digitization with ASOR and Hill Museum"
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}
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],
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"change_history": [
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/ghadames-unesco",
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"change_type": "STATUS_CHANGE",
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"event_date": "1986-01-01",
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"event_description": "Inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List as site ID 362.",
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"source_documentation": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/362"
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},
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/ghadames-danger-list",
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"change_type": "STATUS_CHANGE",
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"event_date": "2016-07-15",
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"event_description": "Added to UNESCO List of World Heritage in Danger.",
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"source_documentation": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/362"
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},
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/ghadames-danger-removal",
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"change_type": "STATUS_CHANGE",
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"event_date": "2025-01-01",
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"event_description": "Removed from UNESCO List of World Heritage in Danger following security improvements and conservation progress.",
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"source_documentation": "Conversation: Ghadamès status update 2025"
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}
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],
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"provenance": {
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"data_source": "CONVERSATION_NLP",
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"data_tier": "TIER_4_INFERRED",
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"extraction_date": "2025-11-09T00:00:00Z",
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"extraction_method": "AI agent comprehensive extraction from Libyan GLAM conversation - Batch 3",
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"confidence_score": 0.91,
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"conversation_id": "d06ded03-ba79-4b79-b068-406c2da01f8c"
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}
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},
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{
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"id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/ly/tadrart-acacus",
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"name": "Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus",
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"alternative_names": [
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"Tadrart Acacus",
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"Acacus Mountains",
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"تدرارت أكاكوس",
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"Tadart Akakus"
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],
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"institution_type": "ARCHIVE",
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"description": "UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985 (UNESCO ID 287), containing thousands of prehistoric rock paintings and engravings spanning 12,000 BC to 100 AD. One of the most important rock art complexes in the Sahara, documenting the region's transformation from fertile savanna to desert. Art depicts wild animals (elephants, giraffes, rhinoceros), domesticated cattle, horses, and human figures, providing invaluable record of climate change and human adaptation. Multiple artistic periods: Wild Fauna (12,000-8,000 BC), Round Head (8,000-6,000 BC), Pastoral (6,000-2,000 BC), Horse (2,000-1,000 BC), and Camel Period (1,000 BC-100 AD). Documentation through Trust for African Rock Art (TARA) provides digital archives of prehistoric Saharan imagery. Located in Ghat Province near Algerian border. Currently on UNESCO List of World Heritage in Danger due to security concerns and natural erosion.",
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"locations": [
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{
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"city": "Ghat",
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"region": "Ghat",
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"country": "LY"
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}
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],
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"identifiers": [
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{
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"identifier_scheme": "UNESCO",
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"identifier_value": "287",
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"identifier_url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/287"
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},
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{
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"identifier_scheme": "Website",
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"identifier_value": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/287",
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"identifier_url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/287"
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}
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],
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"collections": [
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{
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"collection_name": "Tadrart Acacus Rock Art Documentation",
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"collection_type": "archival",
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"subject_areas": [
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"Prehistoric Rock Art",
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"Saharan Climate History",
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"Ancient Pastoralism",
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"Archaeological Documentation"
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],
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"temporal_coverage": "-12000/100",
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"extent": "Thousands of rock paintings and engravings documented digitally by TARA",
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"access_rights": "Digital archives via Trust for African Rock Art"
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}
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],
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"change_history": [
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/tadrart-unesco",
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"change_type": "STATUS_CHANGE",
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"event_date": "1985-01-01",
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"event_description": "Inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List as site ID 287.",
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"source_documentation": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/287"
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},
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{
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"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/tadrart-danger",
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"change_type": "STATUS_CHANGE",
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"event_date": "2016-07-15",
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"event_description": "Added to UNESCO List of World Heritage in Danger due to security concerns and natural erosion.",
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"source_documentation": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/287"
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}
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],
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"provenance": {
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"data_source": "CONVERSATION_NLP",
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"data_tier": "TIER_4_INFERRED",
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"extraction_date": "2025-11-09T00:00:00Z",
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"extraction_method": "AI agent comprehensive extraction from Libyan GLAM conversation - Batch 3",
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"confidence_score": 0.90,
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"conversation_id": "d06ded03-ba79-4b79-b068-406c2da01f8c"
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}
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},
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{
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"id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/ly/berenice-site",
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"name": "Berenice Archaeological Site",
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"alternative_names": [
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"Berenice",
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"Benghazi Ancient Site",
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"Hesperides",
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"Euesperides"
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],
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"institution_type": "ARCHIVE",
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"description": "Ancient Greek city lying beneath modern Benghazi, originally founded as Euesperides c. 525 BC, later renamed Berenice during Ptolemaic period (3rd century BC). One of the five Greek cities of Cyrenaica (the Pentapolis). Archaeological remains severely compromised by modern urban development, with ancient city largely buried under contemporary Benghazi. Ongoing research by international teams including American Society of Overseas Research (ASOR) and King's College London's Managing Libyan Cultural Heritage Project (MaLiCH) documents remaining traces. Site includes scattered Roman and Greek architectural fragments, with most significant remains in Sidi Khrebish district. Major challenges: urban expansion, lack of systematic excavation, and documentation losses during 2011 conflict and subsequent instability.",
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"locations": [
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{
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"city": "Benghazi",
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"region": "Benghazi",
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"country": "LY"
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}
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],
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"collections": [
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{
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"collection_name": "Berenice Archaeological Documentation",
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"collection_type": "archival",
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"subject_areas": [
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"Greek Colonial Archaeology",
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"Ptolemaic Period",
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"Urban Archaeology",
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"Pentapolis Studies"
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|
],
|
|
"temporal_coverage": "-525/700",
|
|
"extent": "Scattered architectural remains, ongoing documentation through ASOR and MaLiCH",
|
|
"access_rights": "Research partnerships with international institutions"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"change_history": [
|
|
{
|
|
"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/berenice-founding",
|
|
"change_type": "FOUNDING",
|
|
"event_date": "-0525-01-01",
|
|
"event_description": "Founded as Greek city Euesperides circa 525 BC.",
|
|
"source_documentation": "Conversation: Berenice historical overview"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/berenice-rename",
|
|
"change_type": "NAME_CHANGE",
|
|
"event_date": "-0246-01-01",
|
|
"event_description": "Renamed Berenice during Ptolemaic period in honor of Queen Berenice II.",
|
|
"source_documentation": "Conversation: Berenice historical overview"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"provenance": {
|
|
"data_source": "CONVERSATION_NLP",
|
|
"data_tier": "TIER_4_INFERRED",
|
|
"extraction_date": "2025-11-09T00:00:00Z",
|
|
"extraction_method": "AI agent comprehensive extraction from Libyan GLAM conversation - Batch 3",
|
|
"confidence_score": 0.85,
|
|
"conversation_id": "d06ded03-ba79-4b79-b068-406c2da01f8c"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/ly/gerza-site",
|
|
"name": "Gerza Archaeological Site",
|
|
"alternative_names": [
|
|
"Gerza",
|
|
"Gersa",
|
|
"Ancient Sirte"
|
|
],
|
|
"institution_type": "ARCHIVE",
|
|
"description": "Ancient city near modern Sirte with significant archaeological remains. Gained UNESCO Tentative World Heritage List status in 2024, recognizing its archaeological importance. Site provides evidence of settlement from multiple periods including Roman and Islamic eras. Located in Sirte Province, the ancient city offers insights into trans-Saharan trade routes and coastal settlement patterns. Limited excavation and documentation due to political instability since 2011. Sirte University conducts ongoing archaeological programs coordinating with international research projects. The Museum of Assultan near the site displays artifacts from the region including Stone Age tools, 2nd-century Roman coins, and Islamic calligraphy in Kufi script.",
|
|
"locations": [
|
|
{
|
|
"city": "Sirte",
|
|
"region": "Sirte",
|
|
"country": "LY"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"identifiers": [
|
|
{
|
|
"identifier_scheme": "UNESCO Tentative List",
|
|
"identifier_value": "Gerza",
|
|
"identifier_url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"collections": [
|
|
{
|
|
"collection_name": "Gerza Archaeological Collection",
|
|
"collection_type": "archival",
|
|
"subject_areas": [
|
|
"Roman North Africa",
|
|
"Islamic Period",
|
|
"Trans-Saharan Trade",
|
|
"Coastal Settlement Archaeology"
|
|
],
|
|
"temporal_coverage": "-200/1400",
|
|
"extent": "Archaeological documentation through Sirte University",
|
|
"access_rights": "Research access via university partnerships"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"change_history": [
|
|
{
|
|
"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/gerza-tentative",
|
|
"change_type": "STATUS_CHANGE",
|
|
"event_date": "2024-01-01",
|
|
"event_description": "Gained UNESCO Tentative World Heritage List status recognizing archaeological significance.",
|
|
"source_documentation": "Conversation: Gerza UNESCO Tentative List 2024"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"provenance": {
|
|
"data_source": "CONVERSATION_NLP",
|
|
"data_tier": "TIER_4_INFERRED",
|
|
"extraction_date": "2025-11-09T00:00:00Z",
|
|
"extraction_method": "AI agent comprehensive extraction from Libyan GLAM conversation - Batch 3",
|
|
"confidence_score": 0.82,
|
|
"conversation_id": "d06ded03-ba79-4b79-b068-406c2da01f8c"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/ly/mirad-masoud-cave",
|
|
"name": "Mirad Masoud Cave",
|
|
"alternative_names": [
|
|
"Al-Uqla Cave",
|
|
"Mirad Masoud Prehistoric Site"
|
|
],
|
|
"institution_type": "ARCHIVE",
|
|
"description": "Recently discovered prehistoric cave site (2020s) located 2 kilometers east of Al-Uqla village in Al Marj Province. Features ancient paintings and petroglyphs of significant archaeological importance. Cave has three entrances overlooking Al-Shuwayer Valley, providing shelter and vantage points for prehistoric inhabitants. Rock art and artifacts indicate long-term human occupation and artistic activity. Discovery represents important addition to Libya's prehistoric heritage record, complementing the Tadrart Acacus rock art sites. Al Marj Province museum displays artifacts from the region. Site documentation ongoing with limited international partnerships due to security concerns in eastern Libya.",
|
|
"locations": [
|
|
{
|
|
"city": "Al-Uqla",
|
|
"region": "Al Marj",
|
|
"country": "LY"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"collections": [
|
|
{
|
|
"collection_name": "Mirad Masoud Cave Documentation",
|
|
"collection_type": "archival",
|
|
"subject_areas": [
|
|
"Prehistoric Rock Art",
|
|
"Cyrenaican Prehistory",
|
|
"Cave Archaeology",
|
|
"Eastern Libya Archaeology"
|
|
],
|
|
"temporal_coverage": "-10000/present",
|
|
"extent": "Initial documentation of paintings and petroglyphs",
|
|
"access_rights": "Limited access, ongoing documentation"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"change_history": [
|
|
{
|
|
"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/mirad-masoud-discovery",
|
|
"change_type": "FOUNDING",
|
|
"event_date": "2020-01-01",
|
|
"event_description": "Cave site discovered in 2020s revealing ancient paintings and petroglyphs 2km east of Al-Uqla.",
|
|
"source_documentation": "Conversation: Al Marj Province archaeological discoveries"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"provenance": {
|
|
"data_source": "CONVERSATION_NLP",
|
|
"data_tier": "TIER_4_INFERRED",
|
|
"extraction_date": "2025-11-09T00:00:00Z",
|
|
"extraction_method": "AI agent comprehensive extraction from Libyan GLAM conversation - Batch 3",
|
|
"confidence_score": 0.78,
|
|
"conversation_id": "d06ded03-ba79-4b79-b068-406c2da01f8c"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/ly/bilnas-archive",
|
|
"name": "BILNAS Archive",
|
|
"alternative_names": [
|
|
"British Institute for Libyan & Northern African Studies Archive",
|
|
"BILNAS",
|
|
"University of Leicester Libya Archive"
|
|
],
|
|
"institution_type": "ARCHIVE",
|
|
"description": "Most comprehensive digital archive of British archaeological work in Libya and Northern Africa, hosted by University of Leicester, UK. Contains extensive archaeological records, photographs, field notes, maps, and research documentation from 1969 to present. Deposited with Archaeology Data Service (ADS) ensuring long-term preservation and open access. Includes documentation from major excavations at Leptis Magna, Sabratha, Cyrene, and numerous other sites. Features persistent DOI identifiers for citations. Provides invaluable resource for researchers unable to access physical sites in Libya due to security concerns. Represents decades of British archaeological research and international collaboration. Archive includes site plans, artifact catalogs, excavation diaries, and photographic documentation essential for heritage preservation and scholarly research.",
|
|
"locations": [
|
|
{
|
|
"city": "Leicester",
|
|
"country": "GB"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"identifiers": [
|
|
{
|
|
"identifier_scheme": "Website",
|
|
"identifier_value": "https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/collections/view/1007105/",
|
|
"identifier_url": "https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/collections/view/1007105/"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"identifier_scheme": "DOI",
|
|
"identifier_value": "Persistent identifiers available",
|
|
"identifier_url": "https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/collections/view/1007105/"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"identifier_scheme": "Website",
|
|
"identifier_value": "https://www.bilnas.org/resources/archive/",
|
|
"identifier_url": "https://www.bilnas.org/resources/archive/"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"digital_platforms": [
|
|
{
|
|
"platform_name": "Archaeology Data Service",
|
|
"platform_url": "https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/collections/view/1007105/",
|
|
"platform_type": "DIGITAL_REPOSITORY",
|
|
"metadata_standards": [
|
|
"Dublin Core",
|
|
"MIDAS Heritage"
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"collections": [
|
|
{
|
|
"collection_name": "BILNAS Archaeological Archive",
|
|
"collection_type": "archival",
|
|
"subject_areas": [
|
|
"Libyan Archaeology",
|
|
"North African Archaeology",
|
|
"Roman Libya",
|
|
"British Archaeological Missions"
|
|
],
|
|
"temporal_coverage": "1969/present",
|
|
"extent": "Extensive archaeological records, photographs, maps from 1969-present",
|
|
"access_rights": "Open access via Archaeology Data Service"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"provenance": {
|
|
"data_source": "CONVERSATION_NLP",
|
|
"data_tier": "TIER_4_INFERRED",
|
|
"extraction_date": "2025-11-09T00:00:00Z",
|
|
"extraction_method": "AI agent comprehensive extraction from Libyan GLAM conversation - Batch 3",
|
|
"confidence_score": 0.96,
|
|
"conversation_id": "d06ded03-ba79-4b79-b068-406c2da01f8c"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/ly/heritage-gazetteer",
|
|
"name": "Heritage Gazetteer of Libya",
|
|
"alternative_names": [
|
|
"SLS Gazetteer",
|
|
"Libyan Heritage Gazetteer",
|
|
"Society for Libyan Studies Gazetteer"
|
|
],
|
|
"institution_type": "RESEARCH_CENTER",
|
|
"description": "Comprehensive digital gazetteer documenting historical locations in Libya up to 1950. Provides authoritative geographic and toponymic data with URIs for persistent identification, geodata for mapping, and variant names in multiple languages (Arabic, Italian, English). Essential resource for archaeological research, heritage management, and historical geography. Developed by Society for Libyan Studies to standardize place name references in scholarship. Includes ancient, medieval, and modern place names with coordinates, historical contexts, and bibliographic references. Open access web interface allows searching by name, coordinates, or historical period. Supports Linked Open Data standards enabling integration with international heritage databases. Critical tool for researchers working on Libyan cultural heritage remotely due to access restrictions.",
|
|
"locations": [
|
|
{
|
|
"country": "GB"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"identifiers": [
|
|
{
|
|
"identifier_scheme": "Website",
|
|
"identifier_value": "https://slsgazetteer.org/",
|
|
"identifier_url": "https://slsgazetteer.org/"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"digital_platforms": [
|
|
{
|
|
"platform_name": "Heritage Gazetteer of Libya",
|
|
"platform_url": "https://slsgazetteer.org/",
|
|
"platform_type": "DISCOVERY_PORTAL",
|
|
"metadata_standards": [
|
|
"Linked Open Data",
|
|
"GeoJSON"
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"collections": [
|
|
{
|
|
"collection_name": "Libyan Historical Place Names",
|
|
"collection_type": "bibliographic",
|
|
"subject_areas": [
|
|
"Historical Geography",
|
|
"Toponymy",
|
|
"Archaeological Site Names",
|
|
"Libyan Heritage"
|
|
],
|
|
"temporal_coverage": "-1000/1950",
|
|
"extent": "Comprehensive coverage of historical locations up to 1950",
|
|
"access_rights": "Open access"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"provenance": {
|
|
"data_source": "CONVERSATION_NLP",
|
|
"data_tier": "TIER_4_INFERRED",
|
|
"extraction_date": "2025-11-09T00:00:00Z",
|
|
"extraction_method": "AI agent comprehensive extraction from Libyan GLAM conversation - Batch 3",
|
|
"confidence_score": 0.94,
|
|
"conversation_id": "d06ded03-ba79-4b79-b068-406c2da01f8c"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/ly/temehu-online-museum",
|
|
"name": "Temehu - Libya's First Online Museum",
|
|
"alternative_names": [
|
|
"Temehu Tourism Services",
|
|
"Libya Online Museum",
|
|
"Temehu.com"
|
|
],
|
|
"institution_type": "GALLERY",
|
|
"description": "Libya's first online museum and virtual cultural heritage portal, providing digital access to Libyan heritage sites, museums, and cultural resources. Features comprehensive virtual tours, extensive photo galleries, historical information, and visitor guides for Libya's archaeological sites and museums. Covers all major heritage sites including UNESCO World Heritage locations (Leptis Magna, Sabratha, Cyrene, Ghadamès, Tadrart Acacus), museums, and cultural centers. Provides detailed information on Libyan history from prehistoric to modern periods. English-language interface makes Libyan heritage accessible to international audience. Critical resource during periods when physical access to Libyan sites is restricted. Includes practical visitor information, site maps, and cultural context. Independent tourism services website that has evolved into significant digital heritage resource.",
|
|
"locations": [
|
|
{
|
|
"country": "LY"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"identifiers": [
|
|
{
|
|
"identifier_scheme": "Website",
|
|
"identifier_value": "https://www.temehu.com/Cities_sites/museums-of-libya.htm",
|
|
"identifier_url": "https://www.temehu.com/Cities_sites/museums-of-libya.htm"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"digital_platforms": [
|
|
{
|
|
"platform_name": "Temehu Virtual Museum",
|
|
"platform_url": "https://www.temehu.com/",
|
|
"platform_type": "DISCOVERY_PORTAL",
|
|
"metadata_standards": []
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"collections": [
|
|
{
|
|
"collection_name": "Virtual Tours and Heritage Documentation",
|
|
"collection_type": "digital objects",
|
|
"subject_areas": [
|
|
"Libyan Heritage Sites",
|
|
"Archaeological Tourism",
|
|
"Cultural Documentation",
|
|
"Virtual Museums"
|
|
],
|
|
"temporal_coverage": "present",
|
|
"extent": "Virtual tours, photo galleries for all major Libyan heritage sites",
|
|
"access_rights": "Open access"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"provenance": {
|
|
"data_source": "CONVERSATION_NLP",
|
|
"data_tier": "TIER_4_INFERRED",
|
|
"extraction_date": "2025-11-09T00:00:00Z",
|
|
"extraction_method": "AI agent comprehensive extraction from Libyan GLAM conversation - Batch 3",
|
|
"confidence_score": 0.89,
|
|
"conversation_id": "d06ded03-ba79-4b79-b068-406c2da01f8c"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/ly/ghadames-manuscripts",
|
|
"name": "Ghadames Manuscript Collections",
|
|
"alternative_names": [
|
|
"Ghadamès Private Libraries",
|
|
"Tendirin Mosque Library",
|
|
"Ghadames Islamic Manuscripts"
|
|
],
|
|
"institution_type": "LIBRARY",
|
|
"description": "Collection of over 1,000 Islamic manuscripts held in private family libraries throughout the Old Town of Ghadamès (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Most significant is the Tendirin Mosque Library containing 37 manuscripts. Collections document Saharan Islamic scholarship, trans-Saharan trade, Maliki jurisprudence, Arabic linguistics, and Quranic studies. Manuscripts date from medieval to early modern periods (12th-19th centuries). Digitization partnership established with American Society of Overseas Research (ASOR) and Hill Museum & Manuscript Library (HMML). Project aims to preserve fragile documents threatened by environmental conditions, conflict, and lack of proper storage. Manuscripts provide invaluable insights into intellectual networks connecting North African oases with broader Islamic world. Collections maintained by local families as part of Ghadamès' living heritage tradition.",
|
|
"locations": [
|
|
{
|
|
"city": "Ghadamès",
|
|
"region": "Nalut",
|
|
"country": "LY"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"collections": [
|
|
{
|
|
"collection_name": "Ghadamès Islamic Manuscripts",
|
|
"collection_type": "archival",
|
|
"subject_areas": [
|
|
"Islamic Manuscripts",
|
|
"Saharan Scholarship",
|
|
"Maliki Jurisprudence",
|
|
"Arabic Linguistics",
|
|
"Trans-Saharan Trade History"
|
|
],
|
|
"temporal_coverage": "1100/1900",
|
|
"extent": "1,000+ manuscripts in private libraries, 37 manuscripts in Tendirin Mosque Library",
|
|
"access_rights": "Digitization partnership with ASOR and Hill Museum"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"provenance": {
|
|
"data_source": "CONVERSATION_NLP",
|
|
"data_tier": "TIER_4_INFERRED",
|
|
"extraction_date": "2025-11-09T00:00:00Z",
|
|
"extraction_method": "AI agent comprehensive extraction from Libyan GLAM conversation - Batch 3",
|
|
"confidence_score": 0.90,
|
|
"conversation_id": "d06ded03-ba79-4b79-b068-406c2da01f8c"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/ly/nafusa-libraries",
|
|
"name": "Nafusa Mountain Libraries",
|
|
"alternative_names": [
|
|
"Libraries of Nafusa Project",
|
|
"Jebel Nafusa Manuscripts",
|
|
"Jabal Nafusa Libraries",
|
|
"Ibadi Manuscript Collections"
|
|
],
|
|
"institution_type": "LIBRARY",
|
|
"description": "Network of private and community libraries in the Nafusa Mountains (Jabal Nafusa) region preserving Ibadi Islamic heritage. Focus on Ibadi theological texts, jurisprudence, and historical documents unique to North African Ibadi communities. Multi-institutional digitization project established 2021-2022 through partnership between Ibadica Centre (France), Fassato Foundation (Libya), and Gerda Henkel Stiftung (Germany funding). Pilot project demonstrated feasibility of preserving manuscripts in conflict-affected regions. British Council Cultural Protection Fund allocated £532,261 for 'Partnership for Heritage' project linking Tataouine (Tunisia) and Nafusa Mountains conservation efforts. Collections document Amazigh/Berber Ibadi intellectual tradition from medieval through modern periods. Manuscripts face threats from environmental degradation, lack of proper storage, and potential looting. Project creates digital surrogates while building local capacity for heritage preservation.",
|
|
"locations": [
|
|
{
|
|
"region": "Nafusa Mountains",
|
|
"country": "LY"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"collections": [
|
|
{
|
|
"collection_name": "Ibadi Manuscript Heritage",
|
|
"collection_type": "archival",
|
|
"subject_areas": [
|
|
"Ibadi Islam",
|
|
"Amazigh Heritage",
|
|
"Islamic Theology",
|
|
"North African Islamic History",
|
|
"Berber Studies"
|
|
],
|
|
"temporal_coverage": "900/present",
|
|
"extent": "Multiple private and community libraries across Nafusa region",
|
|
"access_rights": "Digitization partnerships with Ibadica Centre and international funders"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"change_history": [
|
|
{
|
|
"event_id": "https://w3id.org/heritage/custodian/event/nafusa-project-start",
|
|
"change_type": "FOUNDING",
|
|
"event_date": "2021-01-01",
|
|
"event_description": "Libraries of Nafusa digitization project launched through partnership between Ibadica Centre, Fassato Foundation, and Gerda Henkel Stiftung funding (2021-2022 pilot).",
|
|
"source_documentation": "Conversation: Manuscript Collections and Special Projects"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"provenance": {
|
|
"data_source": "CONVERSATION_NLP",
|
|
"data_tier": "TIER_4_INFERRED",
|
|
"extraction_date": "2025-11-09T00:00:00Z",
|
|
"extraction_method": "AI agent comprehensive extraction from Libyan GLAM conversation - Batch 3",
|
|
"confidence_score": 0.88,
|
|
"conversation_id": "d06ded03-ba79-4b79-b068-406c2da01f8c"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
]
|