glam/frontend/public/schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/EncompassingBody.yaml

id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/EncompassingBody
name: EncompassingBody
imports:
- linkml:types
- ../enums/EncompassingBodyTypeEnum
- ./DataLicensePolicy
- ./Project
- ./Country
- ./Subregion
- ./Settlement
- ./Jurisdiction
- ./TimeSpan
- ../slots/id
- ../slots/dissolution_date
- ../slots/data_license_policy
- ../slots/funding_source
- ../slots/description
- ../slots/website
- ../slots/legal_jurisdiction
- ../slots/external_identifiers
- ../slots/class_metadata_slots
prefixes:
  linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/
  hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/
  org: http://www.w3.org/ns/org#
  skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
  schema: http://schema.org/
  dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
  tooi: https://identifier.overheid.nl/tooi/def/ont/
  cpov: http://data.europa.eu/m8g/
  foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
  odrl: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
  gleif_base: https://www.gleif.org/ontology/Base/
  lcc_cr: https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Countries/CountryRepresentation/
default_prefix: hc
slots:
  organization_name:
    range: string
  organization_type:
    range: EncompassingBodyTypeEnum
  organization_legal_form:
    range: string
    description: Legal form/structure of the encompassing body organization (e.g.,
      "foundation", "corporation")
  founding_date:
    range: date
  member_custodians:
    range: uriorcurie
    multivalued: true
  governance_authority:
    range: string
  service_offerings:
    range: string
    multivalued: true
  membership_criteria:
    range: string
  projects:
    slot_uri: org:hasSubOrganization
    range: Project
    multivalued: true
    description: |
      Projects and initiatives run by this encompassing body.

      Links EncompassingBody (organizer) to Project instances that represent
      time-limited initiatives in which Custodians participate.

      **Inverse of Project.organizing_body**:
      - EncompassingBody → projects → Project[]
      - Project → organizing_body → EncompassingBody

      **Navigation Pattern**:
      From EncompassingBody, access all projects it has run.
      From Project, access organizing body and participating custodians.

      **Examples**:
      - NDE (NetworkOrganisation) → projects → [Versnellen 2024, Versnellen 2023, ...]
      - OCLC (Cooperative) → projects → [Linked Data Initiative, WorldCat Migration, ...]

      **Ontology Note**: Uses W3C ORG `org:hasSubOrganization` because Project
      is modeled as `org:OrganizationalCollaboration` (a subclass of `org:Organization`).
      This property indicates hierarchical containment. Alternative `schema:subjectOf`
      was semantically incorrect (means "thing this is described by/about").

      **Primarily used by**:
      - NetworkOrganisation: Service networks running programs for members
      - Cooperative: Member-owned organizations running collaborative projects
      - Consortium: Consortia running shared initiatives

      Less common for UmbrellaOrganisation (legal parents typically don't run
      projects directly - their subsidiary custodians do).      
  area_served:
    slot_uri: schema:areaServed
    range: string
    multivalued: true
    description: "Geographic area where this encompassing body operates or provides\
      \ services.\n\nUses Schema.org `schema:areaServed` property to define the field\
      \ of operation\nfor networks, consortia, cooperatives, and social movements.\n\
      \n**Linking Options:**\n- Country reference (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2): \"NL\", \"\
      DE\", \"EU\"\n- Subregion reference (ISO 3166-2): \"NL-NH\", \"DE-BY\", \"US-CA\"\
      \n- Supranational reference: \"EU\", \"BENELUX\", \"ASEAN\"\n- Free text for\
      \ complex areas: \"Western Europe\", \"Mediterranean Basin\"\n\n**Usage by EncompassingBody\
      \ Type:**\n\n- **NetworkOrganisation**: Service delivery area\n  - Example:\
      \ NDE serves \"NL\" (Netherlands)\n  - Example: Europeana serves \"EU\" (European\
      \ Union members)\n  \n- **Consortium**: Collaboration coverage area\n  - Example:\
      \ Dutch University Libraries Consortium serves \"NL\"\n  \n- **Cooperative**:\
      \ Member service territory\n  - Example: OCLC serves worldwide (\"GLOBAL\")\n\
      \  \n- **SocialMovement**: Movement participation area\n  - Example: Wikimedia\
      \ operates \"GLOBAL\"\n  \n- **UmbrellaOrganisation**: Use `legal_jurisdiction`\
      \ instead for legal scope\n\n**Distinguished from legal_jurisdiction:**\n- area_served:\
      \ Where services are DELIVERED or members operate\n- legal_jurisdiction: Legal\
      \ AUTHORITY over member organizations\n\n**Examples:**\n```yaml\nNetworkOrganisation:\n\
      \  organization_name: \"Digital Heritage Network Netherlands\"\n  area_served:\n\
      \    - \"NL\"  # Netherlands only\n\nNetworkOrganisation:\n  organization_name:\
      \ \"Europeana\"\n  area_served:\n    - \"EU\"  # European Union\n    - \"EEA\"\
      \  # Plus EEA countries\n\nCooperative:\n  organization_name: \"OCLC\"\n  area_served:\n\
      \    - \"GLOBAL\"  # Worldwide operation\n```\n\n**Ontology Alignment:**\n-\
      \ Schema.org: `schema:areaServed` - \"The geographic area where a service \n\
      \  or offered item is provided.\"\n- Note: `schema:serviceArea` was deprecated\
      \ in favor of `areaServed`\n"
  implements_agenda:
    slot_uri: org:linkedTo
    range: uriorcurie
    multivalued: true
    description: |
      Strategic agendas that this funding organisation implements through its funding calls.

      Links FundingOrganisation to FundingAgenda instances that define the strategic
      priorities guiding funding allocation.

      **Relationship Chain**:
      ```
      FundingAgenda (e.g., NWA, Horizon Europe SP)
           │
           └── implemented by → FundingOrganisation (e.g., NWO, REA)
                                      │
                                      └── issues → CallForApplication[]
      ```

      **Usage Examples**:
      - NWO implements Dutch Research Agenda (NWA)
      - REA implements Horizon Europe Strategic Plan
      - EACEA implements Creative Europe objectives

      **Inverse of FundingAgenda.implementing_organisations**:
      - FundingAgenda → implementing_organisations → FundingOrganisation[]
      - FundingOrganisation → implements_agenda → FundingAgenda[]      
    examples:
    - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/agenda/nl/nwa
      description: NWO implements Dutch Research Agenda
    - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/agenda/eu/horizon-europe-sp-2021-2024
      description: REA implements Horizon Europe Strategic Plan
  issued_calls:
    slot_uri: schema:makesOffer
    range: uriorcurie
    multivalued: true
    description: |
      Funding calls issued by this funding organisation.

      Links FundingOrganisation to CallForApplication instances representing
      specific funding opportunities.

      **Inverse of CallForApplication.issuing_organisation**:
      - FundingOrganisation → issued_calls → CallForApplication[]
      - CallForApplication → issuing_organisation → FundingOrganisation

      Uses schema:makesOffer (FundingOrganisation makes funding offers via calls).      
    examples:
    - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/call/ec/cl2-2025-heritage-01
      description: Horizon Europe CL2 2025 heritage call
  funding_focus:
    range: string
    multivalued: true
    description: |
      Focus areas for funding activities (heritage sectors, themes, activities).
      Used by FundingOrganisation to describe what types of projects it funds.      
    examples:
    - value: Visual arts and cultural heritage
    - value: Museum acquisitions
    - value: Conservation and restoration
    - value: Digital infrastructure
  funding_schemes:
    slot_uri: schema:hasFundingProgram
    range: string
    multivalued: true
    description: |
      Named funding programs offered by a FundingOrganisation.
      Each scheme typically has its own application process, criteria, and budget.

      Maps to Schema.org FundingScheme concept.      
    examples:
    - value: Project Grants for Museums
    - value: Conservation Subsidy Programme
    - value: Starting Grant
    - value: Consolidator Grant
  total_annual_budget:
    range: string
    description: |
      Approximate annual budget available for grants (for context).
      Format: "€X million" or "€X-Y million range"      
    examples:
    - value: €30 million
    - value: €2.5 billion (Horizon Europe ERC share)
  programme_period:
    slot_uri: schema:temporalCoverage
    range: TimeSpan
    description: |
      The temporal period during which a funding programme operates.

      Many EU and national funding programmes have defined programming periods
      (e.g., Horizon Europe 2021-2027, Creative Europe 2021-2027). This slot
      captures the programme's temporal extent using CIDOC-CRM TimeSpan pattern.

      **Use Cases**:
      - EU Framework Programmes (7-year cycles)
      - National funding programme periods
      - Time-limited grant schemes
      - Historical funding programmes (closed)

      **TimeSpan Mapping**:
      For programmes with precise dates (common for EU programmes):
      - Set begin_of_the_begin = end_of_the_begin (exact start)
      - Set begin_of_the_end = end_of_the_end (exact end)

      For ongoing programmes with uncertain end:
      - Set begin_of_the_begin/end_of_the_begin (start date)
      - Leave end dates null

      **Examples**:
      - Horizon Europe: 2021-01-01 to 2027-12-31
      - Creative Europe: 2021-01-01 to 2027-12-31
      - Digital Europe: 2021-01-01 to 2027-12-31
      - Mondriaan Fund: No fixed end (ongoing, leave end null)      
    examples:
    - value:
        begin_of_the_begin: '2021-01-01T00:00:00Z'
        end_of_the_begin: '2021-01-01T00:00:00Z'
        begin_of_the_end: '2027-12-31T23:59:59Z'
        end_of_the_end: '2027-12-31T23:59:59Z'
      description: Horizon Europe 2021-2027 programming period
    - value:
        begin_of_the_begin: '1994-01-01T00:00:00Z'
        end_of_the_begin: '1994-01-01T00:00:00Z'
      description: Mondriaan Fund - ongoing since 1994 (no end date)
classes:
  EncompassingBody:
    class_uri: org:Organization
    abstract: true
    description: "An extra-organizational governance entity that encompasses, oversees,\
      \ or coordinates\nheritage custodian organizations. Represents the broader organizational\
      \ context in which\ncustodians operate, extending beyond internal organizational\
      \ structure (OrganizationalStructure)\nand legal registration (CustodianLegalStatus.governance_structure).\n\
      \n**SIX TYPES OF ENCOMPASSING BODIES**:\n\n 1. **UmbrellaOrganisation** - LEGAL\
      \ parent organizations\n   - Defined in articles of association, foundation\
      \ statutes, or legislation\n   - Permanent hierarchical legal structure\n  \
      \ - Example: Ministry of OCW governing National Archives\n   \n2. **NetworkOrganisation**\
      \ - SERVICE provider networks\n   - Temporary agreements/treaties providing\
      \ services to members\n   - NOT legally imposed, members choose to participate\n\
      \   - Example: Digital Heritage Network providing preservation services\n  \
      \ \n3. **Consortium** - MUTUAL assistance bodies\n   - Temporary collaborative\
      \ agreements for mutual benefit\n   - Members help each other (peer-to-peer)\n\
      \   - Example: Library Consortium for shared cataloging\n   \n4. **Cooperative**\
      \ - MEMBER-OWNED organizations\n   - Permanent legal structure with member governance\n\
      \   - Members are owners, contributors, AND consumers\n   - Typically MIXED\
      \ or CLOSED data policy\n   - Example: OCLC (library cooperative)\n   \n5. **SocialMovement**\
      \ - VALUE-DRIVEN movements\n   - Open participation based on shared ideological\
      \ values\n   - Typically FULLY OPEN data policy (openness as core value)\n \
      \  - Example: Wikimedia Foundation/Movement\n   \n6. **FundingOrganisation**\
      \ - GRANT-GIVING organizations\n   - Provides financial resources (grants, subsidies)\
      \ to custodians\n   - No governance authority over recipients\n   - Example:\
      \ Mondriaan Fund, European Research Council\n\n**Key Distinction from GovernanceStructure**:\n\
      - **GovernanceStructure** (on CustodianLegalStatus): Internal structure of the\
      \ legal entity itself\n  (board of trustees, directors, departments)\n- **EncompassingBody**:\
      \ External parent/umbrella organizations that govern or coordinate\n  multiple\
      \ custodians\n\n**Key Distinction from OrganizationalStructure**:\n- **OrganizationalStructure**\
      \ (on Custodian): Internal operational units\n  (departments, teams, divisions)\n\
      - **EncompassingBody**: External organizations that custodian is part of or\
      \ member of\n\n**Ontological Alignment**:\n- W3C ORG: `org:Organization` (parent\
      \ class for all organizational entities)\n- TOOI: `tooi:Samenwerkingsorganisatie`\
      \ (Dutch collaborative organizations)\n- Schema.org: `schema:Organization`,\
      \ `schema:Consortium`, `schema:FundingAgency`\n- CPOV: `cpov:PublicOrganisation`\
      \ (for public sector umbrella bodies)\n- FOAF: `foaf:Organization`\n\n**Relationship\
      \ Properties**:\nUses `org:subOrganizationOf` from Custodian → EncompassingBody\
      \ to express:\n- \"National Archives is sub-organization of Ministry OCW\" (UmbrellaOrganisation)\n\
      - \"Museum is member of Digital Heritage Network\" (NetworkOrganisation)\n-\
      \ \"Library participates in Cataloging Consortium\" (Consortium)\n- \"Museum\
      \ received grant from Mondriaan Fund\" (FundingOrganisation - via schema:funder)\n"
    slots:
    - area_served
    - data_license_policy
    - description
    - dissolution_date
    - external_identifiers
    - founding_date
    - governance_authority
    - id
    - legal_jurisdiction
    - member_custodians
    - membership_criteria
    - organization_legal_form
    - organization_name
    - organization_type
    - projects
    - service_offerings
    - specificity_annotation
    - template_specificity
    - website
    slot_usage:
      id:
        identifier: true
        required: true
        range: uriorcurie
        description: |
          Unique identifier for this encompassing body.
          Format: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/encompassing-body/{type}/{slug}          
        pattern: ^https://nde\.nl/ontology/hc/encompassing-body/[a-z-]+/[a-z0-9-]+$
        examples:
        - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/encompassing-body/umbrella/nl-ministry-ocw
          description: URI for Ministry OCW as umbrella organization
        - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/encompassing-body/network/digital-heritage-nl
          description: URI for Digital Heritage Network
      organization_name:
        slot_uri: skos:prefLabel
        required: true
        range: string
        description: |
          Official name of the encompassing organization.
          SKOS: prefLabel for preferred label.          
        examples:
        - value: Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap
          description: Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
        - value: Digital Heritage Network
          description: Service network for digital preservation
      organization_type:
        required: true
        range: EncompassingBodyTypeEnum
        description: |
          Type of encompassing body (UMBRELLA, NETWORK, CONSORTIUM).
          Determines governance model and relationship nature.          
        examples:
        - value: UMBRELLA
          description: Legal parent organization
        - value: NETWORK
          description: Service provider network
      description:
        range: string
        description: |
          Textual description of the encompassing body's role, mandate, and scope.          
        examples:
        - value: The Ministry of OCW oversees national cultural heritage institutions
            including the National Archives, Rijksmuseum, and National Library.
      organization_legal_form:
        slot_uri: org:classification
        range: string
        description: |
          Legal form of the encompassing organization (ministry, foundation, association, etc.).
          W3C ORG: classification for organizational type classification.          
        examples:
        - value: Government ministry
        - value: Non-profit foundation
        - value: Professional association
      founding_date:
        slot_uri: schema:foundingDate
        range: date
        description: |
          Date when the encompassing organization was established.
          Schema.org: foundingDate for organization establishment.          
        examples:
        - value: '1965-07-01'
          description: Ministry established July 1965
      dissolution_date:
        slot_uri: schema:dissolutionDate
        range: date
        description: |
          Date when the encompassing organization was dissolved (if applicable).
          NULL if still active.          
        examples:
        - value: '2020-12-31'
          description: Consortium dissolved end of 2020
      member_custodians:
        slot_uri: org:hasSubOrganization
        range: uriorcurie
        multivalued: true
        inlined_as_list: true
        description: "Heritage custodians that are members of or governed by this\
          \ encompassing body.\n\n**URI References**: URIs to Custodian entities (avoids\
          \ circular dependency).\nFormat: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/{country}/{institution-slug}\n\
          \n**W3C ORG Property**: `org:hasSubOrganization` - \"Represents hierarchical\
          \ \ncontainment of Organizations or OrganizationalUnits; indicates an Organization\
          \ \nwhich is a sub-part or child of this Organization.\"\n- Domain: org:Organization\
          \ (EncompassingBody)\n- Range: org:Organization (Custodian)\n- Inverse:\
          \ `org:subOrganizationOf` (from Custodian)\n\n**Relationship Types by EncompassingBody\
          \ Type**:\n- **UmbrellaOrganisation**: Legal subordination (ministry → national\
          \ archives)\n- **NetworkOrganisation**: Service membership (network → participating\
          \ museums)\n- **Consortium**: Collaborative participation (consortium →\
          \ member libraries)\n\n**Temporal Dynamics**:\nMembership can change over\
          \ time - custodians join/leave networks, ministries\nreorganize, consortia\
          \ evolve. Track changes with temporal validity.\n"
        examples:
        - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/nl/nationaal-archief
          description: URI reference to National Archives
      governance_authority:
        range: string
        description: |
          Nature and extent of governance authority this body exercises over members.

          **UmbrellaOrganisation**: Strong authority (sets policy, approves budgets, appoints directors)
          **NetworkOrganisation**: Service authority (defines service standards, coordinates activities)
          **Consortium**: Coordination authority (facilitates collaboration, no direct control)          
        examples:
        - value: Ministry exercises budgetary oversight and appoints institutional
            directors.
          description: Umbrella authority example
        - value: Network coordinates digital preservation services but members retain
            autonomy.
          description: Network authority example
      service_offerings:
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        description: |
          Services provided by this encompassing body to member custodians.

          **Primarily for NetworkOrganisation and Consortium types**.
          UmbrellaOrganisations typically provide governance, not services.          
        examples:
        - value: Digital preservation infrastructure
        - value: Shared cataloging platform
        - value: Professional development training
        - value: Bulk licensing negotiations
      membership_criteria:
        range: string
        description: |
          Criteria for custodians to become members of this encompassing body.

          **UmbrellaOrganisation**: Defined by law/statute (non-voluntary)
          **NetworkOrganisation**: Service eligibility criteria (voluntary)
          **Consortium**: Membership agreement criteria (voluntary)          
        examples:
        - value: Dutch government heritage institutions established by law
          description: Umbrella criteria (non-voluntary)
        - value: Museums with digitization programs seeking preservation services
          description: Network criteria (voluntary)
      external_identifiers:
        slot_uri: dcterms:identifier
        range: uriorcurie
        multivalued: true
        inlined_as_list: true
        description: |
          External identifiers for this encompassing organization (Wikidata, VIAF, etc.).

          **URI Format**: Use standard identifier URIs:
          - Wikidata: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2294910
          - VIAF: https://viaf.org/viaf/123456789
          - ISNI: https://isni.org/isni/0000000123456789          
        examples:
        - value: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2294910
          description: Wikidata URI for Dutch Ministry OCW
      website:
        slot_uri: schema:url
        range: uri
        description: |
          Official website of the encompassing organization.          
        examples:
        - value: https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/ministeries/ministerie-van-onderwijs-cultuur-en-wetenschap
          description: Ministry OCW website
      projects:
        slot_uri: org:hasSubOrganization
        range: Project
        multivalued: true
        inlined_as_list: true
        description: |
          Projects and initiatives run by this encompassing body.

          Links EncompassingBody (organizer) to Project instances that represent
          time-limited initiatives in which Custodians participate.

          **Inverse of Project.organizing_body**:
          - EncompassingBody → projects → Project[]
          - Project → organizing_body → EncompassingBody

          **Navigation Pattern**:
          From EncompassingBody, access all projects it has run over time.
          From Project, access the organizing body and participating custodians.

          **Examples**:
          - NDE (NetworkOrganisation) runs: Versnellen 2024, Versnellen 2023, ...
          - OCLC (Cooperative) runs: Linked Data Initiative, WorldCat Migration, ...
          - Europeana (NetworkOrganisation) runs: Common Culture, Aggregation 2024, ...

          **Why on EncompassingBody?**:
          Projects are collaborative initiatives that coordinate MULTIPLE custodians.
          They are typically run by networks, cooperatives, or consortia - not by
          individual custodians. The organizing body provides the framework, funding,
          and coordination for the project.

          **Ontology Alignment**:
          Uses W3C ORG `org:hasSubOrganization` because Project is modeled as
          `org:OrganizationalCollaboration` (a subclass of `org:Organization`).
          This property indicates hierarchical containment of Organizations.

          **Temporal Dynamics**:
          Projects have defined lifecycles (PROPOSED → IN_PROGRESS → COMPLETED).
          EncompassingBodies may run multiple projects simultaneously or sequentially.
          Track historical projects for organizational memory.          
        examples:
        - value:
          - project_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/project/nde/versnellen-2024
            project_name: Versnellen 2024
            project_status: IN_PROGRESS
          - project_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/project/nde/versnellen-2023
            project_name: Versnellen 2023
            project_status: COMPLETED
          description: NDE's acceleration programs
      area_served:
        slot_uri: schema:areaServed
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        inlined_as_list: true
        description: |
          Geographic areas where this encompassing body operates.
          Use ISO codes (NL, DE-BY, EU) or descriptive strings (GLOBAL).          
        examples:
        - value: NL
          description: Netherlands national coverage
        - value: EU
          description: European Union coverage
        - value: GLOBAL
          description: Worldwide operation
      legal_jurisdiction:
        slot_uri: gleif_base:hasLegalJurisdiction
        range: Jurisdiction
        description: |
          Legal jurisdiction for umbrella organizations.
          Primarily used by UmbrellaOrganisation to define legal scope.          
      specificity_annotation:
        range: SpecificityAnnotation
        inlined: true
      template_specificity:
        range: TemplateSpecificityScores
        inlined: true
    exact_mappings:
    - org:Organization
    close_mappings:
    - tooi:Samenwerkingsorganisatie
    - schema:Organization
    - cpov:PublicOrganisation
    - foaf:Organization
    comments:
    - EncompassingBody is abstract - use one of six concrete subclasses
    - Extends governance modeling BEYOND internal structure to external relationships
    - Complements but does not replace GovernanceStructure or OrganizationalStructure
    - 'Six types reflect different relationship models: legal (umbrella), service
      (network), collaborative (consortium), ownership (cooperative), ideological
      (social movement), financial (funding)'
  UmbrellaOrganisation:
    is_a: EncompassingBody
    class_uri: org:FormalOrganization
    description: "A legal parent organization with formal governance authority over\
      \ heritage custodians,\ndefined in articles of association, foundation statutes,\
      \ or legislation. Represents\nPERMANENT hierarchical legal structures.\n\n**Characteristics**:\n\
      - **Legal basis**: Defined in founding documents, statutes, or laws\n- **Authority**:\
      \ Strong governance authority (budgets, appointments, policy)\n- **Permanence**:\
      \ Permanent structure (changes require legal amendments)\n- **Relationship**:\
      \ Legal subordination (parent-child hierarchy)\n\n**Examples**:\n- **Ministry\
      \ governing national cultural institutions**:\n  - Ministry of OCW → National\
      \ Archives, Rijksmuseum, National Library\n  - Defined in Dutch government legislation\n\
      - **Foundation board governing museum**:\n  - Museum Board of Trustees → Museum\
      \ operations\n  - Defined in foundation statutes\n- **University governing university\
      \ libraries**:\n  - University administration → University library system\n\
      \  - Defined in university charter\n- **Religious order governing monastery\
      \ archives**:\n  - Franciscan Order → Franciscan Archive\n  - Defined in religious\
      \ constitution\n\n**Ontological Alignment**:\n- W3C ORG: `org:FormalOrganization`\
      \ - \"An Organization which is recognized in \n  the world at large, in particular\
      \ in legal jurisdictions, with associated rights \n  and responsibilities.\"\
      \n- TOOI: `tooi:Ministerie`, `tooi:RegionaalOpenbaarLichaam` (Dutch government\
      \ bodies)\n- CPOV: `cpov:PublicOrganisation` (for public sector umbrella bodies)\n\
      - Schema.org: `schema:GovernmentOrganization`, `schema:EducationalOrganization`\n\
      \n**Temporal Dynamics**:\nUmbrella relationships typically persist over long\
      \ periods. Changes occur through:\n- Government reorganizations (ministries\
      \ merge/split)\n- Legal entity changes (foundation restructuring)\n- Policy\
      \ reforms (agencies transferred between ministries)\n"
    slot_usage:
      organization_type:
        range: EncompassingBodyTypeEnum
        required: true
        ifabsent: string(UMBRELLA)
        description: Must be UMBRELLA for UmbrellaOrganisation
      governance_authority:
        required: true
        description: |
          Detailed description of legal governance authority.
          Must document legal basis (statute, law, articles of association).          
        examples:
        - value: Ministry OCW exercises governance authority over National Archives
            under Dutch Heritage Act 2016. Authority includes budget approval, director  appointment,
            and policy oversight.
      organization_legal_form:
        required: true
        description: Legal form is required for umbrella organizations
        examples:
        - value: Government ministry
        - value: Foundation board
        - value: University governing body
      legal_jurisdiction:
        required: true
        range: Jurisdiction
        description: |
          Legal jurisdiction where this umbrella organization has authority.

          Required for UmbrellaOrganisation because legal parent-child relationships
          are defined by law within specific jurisdictions.

          **Examples:**
          - Ministry of OCW: jurisdiction_type=NATIONAL, country=NL
          - Bavarian State Ministry: jurisdiction_type=SUBNATIONAL, subregion=DE-BY
          - University of Amsterdam: jurisdiction_type=NATIONAL, country=NL          
        examples:
        - value:
            jurisdiction_id: NL
            jurisdiction_type: NATIONAL
            country:
              alpha_2: NL
              alpha_3: NLD
          description: Netherlands national jurisdiction
        - value:
            jurisdiction_id: DE-BY
            jurisdiction_type: SUBNATIONAL
            country:
              alpha_2: DE
              alpha_3: DEU
            subregion:
              iso_3166_2_code: DE-BY
          description: Bavaria subnational jurisdiction
      specificity_annotation:
        range: SpecificityAnnotation
        inlined: true
      template_specificity:
        range: TemplateSpecificityScores
        inlined: true
    exact_mappings:
    - org:FormalOrganization
    close_mappings:
    - tooi:Ministerie
    - tooi:RegionaalOpenbaarLichaam
    - cpov:PublicOrganisation
    - schema:GovernmentOrganization
    comments:
    - UmbrellaOrganisation represents LEGAL parent-child relationships
    - Changes to umbrella relationships require legal/statutory amendments
    - Permanent structure - not temporary agreements
    examples:
    - value:
        id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/encompassing-body/umbrella/nl-ministry-ocw
        organization_name: Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap
        organization_type: UMBRELLA
        organization_legal_form: Government ministry
        founding_date: '1965-07-01'
        governance_authority: Exercises governance over Dutch national cultural heritage
          institutions under Heritage Act 2016. Authority includes budget oversight,
          director appointments, and strategic policy direction.
        legal_jurisdiction:
          jurisdiction_id: NL
          jurisdiction_type: NATIONAL
          country:
            alpha_2: NL
            alpha_3: NLD
          description: Netherlands national jurisdiction
        member_custodians:
        - hc_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/nl-na
          preferred_label: Nationaal Archief
        - hc_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/nl-nh-ams-m-rm
          preferred_label: Rijksmuseum
        website: https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/ministeries/ocw
      description: Dutch Ministry OCW as umbrella organization for national heritage
    slots:
    - specificity_annotation
    - template_specificity
  NetworkOrganisation:
    is_a: EncompassingBody
    class_uri: schema:Organization
    description: |
      A service provider network that coordinates and delivers services to member heritage
      custodians through TEMPORARY agreements or treaties. Members choose to participate
      to access services; participation is NOT legally imposed.

      **Characteristics**:
      - **Service-oriented**: Provides infrastructure, platforms, training, coordination
      - **Voluntary membership**: Custodians choose to join for service benefits
      - **Temporary agreements**: Based on contracts/treaties, not permanent legal structure
      - **Limited authority**: Coordinates services but no direct governance over members

      **Examples**:
      - **Digital Heritage Network (Netherlands)**:
        - Provides digital preservation infrastructure to museums, archives, libraries
        - Members pay fees for services
        - No governance authority over member institutions
      - **DPLA (Digital Public Library of America)**:
        - Aggregates digital collections from libraries/archives
        - Members contribute metadata for aggregation
        - No control over member collection policies
      - **Europeana**:
        - European digital heritage aggregation network
        - Museums/archives contribute digitized collections
        - Coordination, not governance
      - **Regional archive networks**:
        - Shared conservation labs, digitization services
        - Temporary service agreements between institutions

      
      **Temporal Dynamics**:
      Network memberships fluctuate - custodians join/leave based on service needs.
      Networks themselves may dissolve if service model becomes obsolete or funding ends.
      Track membership changes with temporal validity.      
    slot_usage:
      organization_type:
        range: EncompassingBodyTypeEnum
        required: true
        ifabsent: string(NETWORK)
        description: Must be NETWORK for NetworkOrganisation
      service_offerings:
        required: true
        description: |
          Services provided to member custodians.
          Required field for NetworkOrganisation (defines purpose).          
        examples:
        - value: Digital preservation storage infrastructure
        - value: Shared cataloging platform (union catalog)
        - value: Conservation services and expertise
        - value: Professional development workshops
      membership_criteria:
        recommended: true
        description: |
          Eligibility criteria for joining network.
          Typically based on institution type, geographic location, or service needs.          
        examples:
        - value: 'Dutch heritage institutions with digital collections seeking long-term
            preservation services. Membership fee: €5,000/year.'
      governance_authority:
        description: |
          Limited to SERVICE coordination authority.
          Networks do NOT exercise governance over member institutions.          
        examples:
        - value: Network defines technical standards for digital preservation but
            members retain full autonomy over collection policies and operations.
      specificity_annotation:
        range: SpecificityAnnotation
        inlined: true
      template_specificity:
        range: TemplateSpecificityScores
        inlined: true
    exact_mappings:
    - schema:Organization
    close_mappings:
    - tooi:Samenwerkingsorganisatie
    - org:Organization
    comments:
    - NetworkOrganisation provides SERVICES, not governance
    - Membership is voluntary and service-driven
    - Temporary agreements - not permanent legal subordination
    examples:
    - value:
        id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/encompassing-body/network/digital-heritage-nl
        organization_name: Digital Heritage Network Netherlands
        organization_type: NETWORK
        founding_date: '2015-03-01'
        description: |
          Collaborative network providing digital preservation infrastructure
          and services to Dutch heritage institutions. Members access shared
          storage, metadata standards, and technical expertise.          
        area_served:
        - NL
        service_offerings:
        - Long-term digital preservation storage (100TB+ capacity)
        - Metadata aggregation and normalization services
        - Technical training workshops (quarterly)
        - Preservation format migration services
        membership_criteria: Dutch museums, archives, and libraries with digital collections.
          Annual membership fee based on storage usage.
        member_custodians:
        - hc_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/nl-nh-ams-m-am
          preferred_label: Amsterdam Museum
        - hc_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/nl-ut-utr-l-ub
          preferred_label: Utrecht University Library
        website: https://digitalheritage.nl
      description: Service network for digital preservation
    slots:
    - specificity_annotation
    - template_specificity
  Consortium:
    is_a: EncompassingBody
    class_uri: schema:Consortium
    description: "A collaborative body where member heritage custodians provide MUTUAL\
      \ assistance\nto each other through TEMPORARY agreements. Unlike networks (centralized\
      \ service\nprovider), consortia are PEER-TO-PEER collaboration models.\n\n**Characteristics**:\n\
      - **Mutual assistance**: Members help each other (not centralized services)\n\
      - **Peer-to-peer**: Equal participation, shared responsibility\n- **Temporary\
      \ agreements**: Based on memoranda of understanding, not permanent structure\n\
      - **Coordination only**: Facilitates collaboration, no authority over members\n\
      \n**Examples**:\n- **Library consortia for shared cataloging**:\n  - Members\
      \ contribute catalog records to shared database\n  - Peer-to-peer cataloging\
      \ standards and quality control\n  - Example: OCLC WorldCat participating libraries\n\
      - **Bulk licensing consortia**:\n  - Libraries collectively negotiate database\
      \ subscriptions\n  - Shared purchasing power, individual licenses\n- **Interlibrary\
      \ loan consortia**:\n  - Members lend materials to each other\n  - Reciprocal\
      \ borrowing agreements\n- **Conservation consortia**:\n  - Museums share conservation\
      \ expertise and equipment\n  - Rotating access to specialized conservation labs\n\
      - **Digitization consortia**:\n  - Archives collaborate on large-scale digitization\
      \ projects\n  - Shared equipment, coordinated workflows\n\n**Distinction from\
      \ NetworkOrganisation**:\n- **Consortium**: Peer-to-peer mutual assistance (members\
      \ help each other)\n- **Network**: Centralized service provider (network provides\
      \ services to members)\n\n**Ontological Alignment**:\n- Schema.org: `schema:Consortium`\
      \ - \"A Consortium is a membership Organization \n  whose members are typically\
      \ Organizations.\"\n- W3C ORG: `org:Organization` (parent class)\n- TOOI: `tooi:Samenwerkingsorganisatie`\
      \ (Dutch collaborative organizations)\n\n**Temporal Dynamics**:\nConsortia form\
      \ for specific collaborative goals and may dissolve when goals are\nachieved\
      \ or collaboration model becomes obsolete. Short to medium-term duration\n(3-10\
      \ years typical).\n"
    slot_usage:
      organization_type:
        range: EncompassingBodyTypeEnum
        required: true
        ifabsent: string(CONSORTIUM)
        description: Must be CONSORTIUM for Consortium class
      service_offerings:
        description: |
          Services members provide TO EACH OTHER (not centralized services).
          Focus on reciprocal/mutual assistance patterns.          
        examples:
        - value: Shared cataloging contributions to union catalog
        - value: Reciprocal interlibrary loan services
        - value: Peer review of conservation treatments
        - value: Collaborative digitization equipment sharing
      membership_criteria:
        recommended: true
        description: |
          Criteria for joining consortium.
          Typically based on ability to contribute to mutual assistance model.          
        examples:
        - value: Academic libraries with interlibrary loan capabilities and commitment
            to reciprocal lending. No membership fee.
      governance_authority:
        description: |
          Minimal authority - coordination and facilitation only.
          Consortia do NOT govern members; they facilitate peer collaboration.          
        examples:
        - value: Consortium coordinates shared cataloging standards and provides technical
            infrastructure, but members retain full autonomy.
      specificity_annotation:
        range: SpecificityAnnotation
        inlined: true
      template_specificity:
        range: TemplateSpecificityScores
        inlined: true
    exact_mappings:
    - schema:Consortium
    close_mappings:
    - tooi:Samenwerkingsorganisatie
    - org:Organization
    comments:
    - Consortium is PEER-TO-PEER mutual assistance model
    - Distinguished from Network (centralized service provider)
    - Temporary collaborative agreements, not permanent legal structure
    examples:
    - value:
        id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/encompassing-body/consortium/dutch-univ-lib-consortium
        organization_name: Dutch University Libraries Consortium
        organization_type: CONSORTIUM
        founding_date: '2010-09-01'
        description: |
          Collaborative consortium of Dutch university libraries for shared
          cataloging, bulk licensing, and interlibrary loan. Members contribute
          equally and benefit from collective resources.          
        service_offerings:
        - Shared union catalog contributions
        - Collective database subscription negotiations
        - Reciprocal interlibrary loan services
        - Collaborative metadata enrichment projects
        membership_criteria: Dutch university libraries accredited by VSNU (Association
          of  Universities in the Netherlands). Members must contribute cataloging
          records and participate in interlibrary loan network.
        member_custodians:
        - hc_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/nl-zh-lei-l-ub
          preferred_label: Leiden University Library
        - hc_id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/nl-nh-ams-l-uba
          preferred_label: Amsterdam University Library
        website: https://universiteitsbibliotheken.nl
      description: University library consortium for mutual assistance
    slots:
    - specificity_annotation
    - template_specificity
  Cooperative:
    is_a: EncompassingBody
    class_uri: org:FormalOrganization
    description: "A member-OWNED organization where members both contribute to and\
      \ benefit from\nshared services. Distinguished from Consortium by PERMANENT\
      \ structure and\nOWNERSHIP model - members are legal owners of the cooperative.\n\
      \n**Characteristics**:\n- **Member ownership**: Members hold shares/ownership\
      \ stake\n- **Member governance**: One member, one vote principle (democratic)\n\
      - **Permanent legal structure**: Formal organization, not temporary agreements\n\
      - **Shared services AND shared ownership**: Dual benefit model\n- **Typically\
      \ operates as non-profit**: Mutual benefit corporation\n- **May have closed/proprietary\
      \ data model**: Data as organizational asset\n\n**CRITICAL: Data Openness Pattern**:\n\
      Cooperatives often have MIXED or CLOSED data policies because:\n- Data contributed\
      \ by members is organizational asset\n- Business model may depend on subscription/membership\
      \ revenue\n- Balancing member value vs. public open access\n- Historical model\
      \ predates open data movement\n\n**Examples**:\n\n- **OCLC** (Online Computer\
      \ Library Center)\n  - Member-owned library cooperative since 1967\n  - 30,000+\
      \ member libraries worldwide\n  - WorldCat: Proprietary (subscription-based)\n\
      \  - VIAF: Open (ODC-BY) - strategic choice for linked data\n  - Members both\
      \ contribute data AND receive services\n  \n- **RERO** (Library Network of Western\
      \ Switzerland)\n  - Cooperative of Swiss academic libraries\n  - Shared cataloging\
      \ and discovery services\n  \n- **HathiTrust**\n  - Partnership of academic\
      \ and research libraries\n  - Shared digital preservation infrastructure\n\n\
      **Distinction from Consortium**:\n- **Cooperative**: Members OWN the organization\
      \ (permanent legal structure)\n- **Consortium**: Members PARTICIPATE in agreements\
      \ (temporary, no ownership)\n\n**Distinction from NetworkOrganisation**:\n-\
      \ **Cooperative**: Members are owners AND contributors AND consumers\n- **Network**:\
      \ Members are consumers of centralized services only\n\n**Ontological Alignment**:\n\
      - W3C ORG: `org:FormalOrganization` (formal legal entity)\n- Schema.org: `schema:Organization`\
      \ with `additionalType: Cooperative`\n- Can align with ICA (International Cooperative\
      \ Alliance) principles\n"
    slot_usage:
      organization_type:
        range: EncompassingBodyTypeEnum
        required: true
        ifabsent: string(COOPERATIVE)
        description: Must be COOPERATIVE for Cooperative class
      organization_legal_form:
        required: true
        description: |
          Legal form of the cooperative.
          Examples: "Cooperative corporation", "Mutual benefit corporation",
          "Library cooperative", "Non-profit cooperative"          
      governance_authority:
        required: true
        description: |
          Member governance model.
          Must document: voting rights, board composition, annual meeting structure.          
        examples:
        - value: OCLC is governed by a Global Council of library representatives elected
            by member libraries. Each member has voting rights proportional to their
            usage. Annual Members Council meeting.
      membership_criteria:
        required: true
        description: |
          How to become a member/owner of the cooperative.
          Must include: eligibility, membership fees, ownership stake.          
        examples:
        - value: OCLC membership is open to libraries and cultural heritage organizations.
            Members pay annual fees based on usage. Members receive governance rights
            and access to services.
      data_license_policy:
        recommended: true
        description: |
          Data openness policy for the cooperative.

          Cooperatives typically have MIXED_POLICY:
          - Core services may be proprietary (subscription revenue)
          - Some services may be open (strategic value for linked data)          
      specificity_annotation:
        range: SpecificityAnnotation
        inlined: true
      template_specificity:
        range: TemplateSpecificityScores
        inlined: true
    exact_mappings:
    - org:FormalOrganization
    close_mappings:
    - schema:Organization
    comments:
    - Cooperative = member-owned permanent organization
    - Distinguished from Consortium (ownership, permanence)
    - Distinguished from Network (members contribute, not just consume)
    - Typically MIXED or CLOSED data policy (data as organizational asset)
    - 'Examples: OCLC, RERO, HathiTrust'
    examples:
    - value:
        id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/encompassing-body/cooperative/oclc
        organization_name: OCLC
        organization_type: COOPERATIVE
        organization_legal_form: Non-profit library cooperative
        founding_date: '1967-07-05'
        description: |
          OCLC is a global library cooperative providing shared technology
          services, research, and programs that help libraries meet the changing
          needs of their users, institutions, and communities. Member libraries
          cooperatively maintain WorldCat, the world's largest shared catalog.          
        service_offerings:
        - WorldCat (shared cataloging database)
        - VIAF (Virtual International Authority File)
        - WorldShare Management Services
        - Interlibrary loan services (WorldShare ILL)
        - Digital preservation services
        - CONTENTdm (digital collection management)
        membership_criteria: Open to libraries and cultural heritage organizations
          worldwide. Membership includes governance rights (voting in Global Council),
          access to member pricing for services, and participation in cooperative
          programs.
        governance_authority: Governed by Global Council of elected library representatives.
          Board of Trustees provides strategic oversight. Regional councils for Americas,
          EMEA, and Asia Pacific. Annual Members Council meeting.
        data_license_policy:
          policy_name: OCLC Data Usage Policy
          openness_stance: MIXED_POLICY
          default_license: proprietary-worldcat
          service_specific_licenses:
          - service_name: VIAF
            license: odc-by-1.0
          - service_name: WorldCat Identities
            license: odc-by-1.0
        external_identifiers:
        - http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q190593
        - https://viaf.org/viaf/125315828
        website: https://www.oclc.org/
      description: OCLC as member-owned library cooperative with mixed data policy
    slots:
    - specificity_annotation
    - template_specificity
  SocialMovement:
    is_a: EncompassingBody
    class_uri: schema:Organization
    description: "A value-driven movement organized around shared ideological principles,\n\
      with open participation and commitment to public benefit. Distinguished from\n\
      other types by ideological motivation and OPEN data policies as core value.\n\
      \n**Characteristics**:\n- **Value-driven**: Ideological commitment to principles\
      \ (free knowledge, openness)\n- **Open participation**: Anyone can join/contribute\
      \ based on shared values\n- **Decentralized governance**: Community-driven decision\
      \ making\n- **Non-proprietary by design**: Open data is core value, not business\
      \ decision\n- **Global grassroots participation**: Often volunteer-driven\n\
      - **May include formal foundation**: Legal entity supports the movement\n\n\
      **CRITICAL: Data Openness Pattern**:\nSocial movements typically have FULLY\
      \ OPEN data policies because:\n- Openness is ideological value, not business\
      \ strategy\n- Mission centers on public access and benefit\n- Data openness\
      \ is prerequisite for participation\n- No proprietary business model to protect\n\
      - \"Information wants to be free\" philosophy\n\n**Examples**:\n\n- **Wikimedia\
      \ Foundation / Movement**\n  - Mission: \"Free knowledge for everyone\"\n  -\
      \ Wikidata: CC0 (public domain)\n  - Wikipedia: CC-BY-SA (copyleft)\n  - Global\
      \ volunteer contributor base (300,000+ active editors)\n  - Foundation supports\
      \ movement, doesn't own content\n  \n- **Creative Commons**\n  - Mission: \"\
      Enable sharing and reuse\"\n  - License steward and open advocate\n  - All materials\
      \ openly licensed\n  \n- **Open Knowledge Foundation**\n  - Mission: \"Promote\
      \ open data worldwide\"\n  - Advocacy for open access and transparency\n  -\
      \ CKAN open source software\n  \n- **Mozilla Foundation / Movement**\n  - Mission:\
      \ \"Open, accessible internet for all\"\n  - Firefox (open source browser)\n\
      \  - Open web standards advocacy\n  \n- **Internet Archive**\n  - Mission: \"\
      Universal access to all knowledge\"\n  - Wayback Machine, Open Library\n  -\
      \ Preservation and open access\n\n**Distinction from Cooperative**:\n- **SocialMovement**:\
      \ Open participation, ideological commitment, open data\n- **Cooperative**:\
      \ Membership-based ownership, may have closed data\n\n**Distinction from NetworkOrganisation**:\n\
      - **SocialMovement**: Value-driven, open participation\n- **Network**: Service-driven,\
      \ membership-based access\n\n**Ontological Alignment**:\n- Schema.org: `schema:Organization`\
      \ (with movement characteristics)\n- Sociological concept of \"social movement\"\
      \n- May have formal foundation (e.g., Wikimedia Foundation) but movement is\
      \ broader\n"
    slot_usage:
      organization_type:
        range: EncompassingBodyTypeEnum
        required: true
        ifabsent: string(SOCIAL_MOVEMENT)
        description: Must be SOCIAL_MOVEMENT for SocialMovement class
      description:
        required: true
        description: |
          Must describe the ideological values and mission of the movement.
          Should explain the open participation model and commitment to openness.          
      service_offerings:
        description: |
          Services/platforms provided by the movement.
          Typically all openly accessible (no subscription barriers).          
        examples:
        - value: Wikidata (open knowledge base, CC0)
        - value: Wikipedia (free encyclopedia, CC-BY-SA)
        - value: Wikimedia Commons (free media repository)
      membership_criteria:
        description: |
          How to participate in the movement.
          Typically open to anyone who shares the values - no formal membership.          
        examples:
        - value: Open participation - anyone can edit Wikipedia, contribute to Wikidata,
            or upload to Wikimedia Commons. No membership fee or application process.
            Contribution governed by community policies.
      governance_authority:
        description: |
          Community-driven governance model.
          Describes how decisions are made within the movement.          
        examples:
        - value: Wikimedia projects are governed by community consensus. The Wikimedia
            Foundation provides infrastructure and legal support but does not control
            content. Movement governance through affiliates, chapters, and community-elected
            bodies.
      data_license_policy:
        required: true
        description: |
          Data openness policy for the movement.

          Social movements typically have STRONG_OPEN_ADVOCATE stance:
          - All content openly licensed
          - Openness is ideological requirement, not business option
          - Active advocacy for open data in broader community          
      specificity_annotation:
        range: SpecificityAnnotation
        inlined: true
      template_specificity:
        range: TemplateSpecificityScores
        inlined: true
    exact_mappings:
    - schema:Organization
    comments:
    - SocialMovement = value-driven, open participation, open data
    - Distinguished from Cooperative (ideology vs. ownership)
    - Distinguished from Network (values vs. services)
    - Typically FULLY OPEN data policy (openness as core value)
    - 'Examples: Wikimedia, Creative Commons, Open Knowledge Foundation, Mozilla'
    examples:
    - value:
        id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/encompassing-body/social-movement/wikimedia
        organization_name: Wikimedia Foundation / Movement
        organization_type: SOCIAL_MOVEMENT
        organization_legal_form: 501(c)(3) non-profit foundation supporting broader
          movement
        founding_date: '2003-06-20'
        description: |
          The Wikimedia movement is a global community of volunteers and
          organizations dedicated to free knowledge. The movement operates
          Wikipedia, Wikidata, Wikimedia Commons, and other free knowledge
          projects. The Wikimedia Foundation provides infrastructure and
          legal support but does not own or control the content created by
          the volunteer community. The movement's core value is that knowledge
          should be freely accessible to everyone.          
        service_offerings:
        - Wikipedia (free encyclopedia, 60M+ articles, 300+ languages)
        - Wikidata (open knowledge base, 100M+ items, CC0)
        - Wikimedia Commons (free media repository, 90M+ files)
        - Wikisource (free library of source texts)
        - Wiktionary (free dictionary)
        - MediaWiki (open source wiki software)
        membership_criteria: Open participation - anyone can edit Wikipedia, contribute
          to Wikidata, or upload to Wikimedia Commons. No membership fee or application.
          Contribution governed by community policies (neutral point of view, verifiability,
          no original research). The movement includes formal affiliates (chapters,
          user groups, thematic orgs).
        governance_authority: Wikimedia projects are governed by community consensus
          through volunteer administrators, arbitration committees, and policy pages.
          The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees provides strategic oversight.
          Movement governance through affiliates, chapters, and community-elected
          bodies (Movement Charter in development).
        data_license_policy:
          policy_name: Wikimedia Foundation Open Content Policy
          openness_stance: STRONG_OPEN_ADVOCATE
          default_license: cc0-1.0
          service_specific_licenses:
          - service_name: Wikidata
            license: cc0-1.0
            license_notes: All structured data is public domain
          - service_name: Wikipedia
            license: cc-by-sa-4.0
            license_notes: Text content is copyleft - derivatives must share alike
          - service_name: Wikimedia Commons
            license_notes: Varies by upload - must be free license (CC-BY, CC-BY-SA,
              CC0, or public domain)
          open_data_principles:
          - Free knowledge for everyone
          - Open participation
          - Neutral point of view
          advocacy_activities:
          - Open Access advocacy
          - GLAM-Wiki partnerships
          - Open data advocacy in policy forums
          - Training librarians and cultural heritage professionals
        external_identifiers:
        - http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q180
        - https://viaf.org/viaf/305375908
        website: https://www.wikimedia.org/
      description: Wikimedia as social movement for free knowledge with fully open
        data policy
    slots:
    - specificity_annotation
    - template_specificity
  FundingOrganisation:
    is_a: EncompassingBody
    class_uri: schema:FundingAgency
    description: "A grant-giving organization that provides FINANCIAL RESOURCES to\
      \ heritage\ncustodians through funding schemes, grants, and subsidies. Distinguished\
      \ from\nother EncompassingBody types by the FINANCIAL relationship rather than\
      \ governance,\nservices, or collaboration.\n\n**Characteristics**:\n- **Financial\
      \ support**: Provides grants, subsidies, funding to custodians\n- **Funding\
      \ schemes**: Implements structured programs with application processes\n- **No\
      \ governance**: Does NOT govern recipients (unlike UmbrellaOrganisation)\n-\
      \ **No ongoing services**: Does NOT provide operational services (unlike NetworkOrganisation)\n\
      - **Evaluation and monitoring**: Assesses applications, monitors outcomes\n\
      - **Time-limited relationships**: Grant periods define relationship duration\n\
      \n**Relationship Model**:\nUnlike other EncompassingBody types that have ongoing\
      \ structural relationships,\nFundingOrganisation has TRANSACTIONAL relationships:\n\
      - Funder → (awards grant) → Custodian\n- Grant has start date, end date, amount,\
      \ purpose\n- Multiple custodians may receive funding simultaneously\n- Same\
      \ custodian may receive multiple grants over time\n\n**Examples**:\n\n- **Mondriaan\
      \ Fund** (Mondriaan Fonds, Q2714299)\n  - Dutch public fund for visual arts\
      \ and cultural heritage\n  - Instance of \"funding body\" (Q5509032) in Wikidata\n\
      \  - Provides grants for exhibitions, acquisitions, conservation\n  - Government-funded\
      \ through Ministry of OCW, operates independently\n  \n- **European Research\
      \ Council** (ERC, Q1377836)\n  - EU agency funding frontier research\n  - Starting\
      \ Grants, Consolidator Grants, Advanced Grants\n  - Operates under Horizon Europe\
      \ framework\n  \n- **Creative Europe** (Q17084973)\n  - EU programme supporting\
      \ cultural and creative sectors\n  - 2021-2027 programming period\n  - Funds\
      \ transnational cooperation projects\n  \n- **DC4EU** (Digital Credentials for\
      \ Europe)\n  - EU Digital Europe Programme project\n  - Funds digital infrastructure\
      \ for heritage sector\n  \n- **National Endowment for the Humanities** (NEH)\n\
      \  - US federal agency for humanities funding\n  - Preservation, research, public\
      \ programs\n  \n- **Heritage Lottery Fund** (now National Lottery Heritage Fund)\n\
      \  - UK lottery distributor for heritage projects\n  - Major funder of UK heritage\
      \ custodians\n\n**Distinction from UmbrellaOrganisation**:\n- **FundingOrganisation**:\
      \ Provides money, NO governance authority\n- **UmbrellaOrganisation**: Legal\
      \ parent WITH governance authority\n- A ministry may BOTH fund AND govern -\
      \ in that case use UMBRELLA\n  (the governance relationship is primary)\n\n\
      **Distinction from NetworkOrganisation**:\n- **FundingOrganisation**: One-way\
      \ financial relationship (funder → recipient)\n- **NetworkOrganisation**: Ongoing\
      \ service provision relationship\n\n**When a Ministry is UMBRELLA vs FUNDING_BODY**:\n\
      - Ministry of OCW → National Archives: UMBRELLA (governs)\n- Ministry of OCW\
      \ → Mondriaan Fund: UMBRELLA (governs the fund)\n- Mondriaan Fund → Museum X:\
      \ FUNDING_BODY (only provides grant)\n\n**Ontological Alignment**:\n- Schema.org:\
      \ `schema:FundingAgency` - \"An organization that implements\n  FundingSchemes\
      \ and manages the granting process (via Grants)\"\n- Schema.org: `schema:FundingScheme`\
      \ - structured funding programs\n- Schema.org: `schema:Grant` / `schema:MonetaryGrant`\
      \ - individual awards\n- Wikidata: Q5509032 (funding body)\n- FOAF: `foaf:fundedBy`\
      \ (legacy, use schema:funder instead)\n"
    slots:
    - funding_focus
    - funding_schemes
    - funding_source
    - implements_agenda
    - issued_calls
    - programme_period
    - specificity_annotation
    - template_specificity
    - total_annual_budget
    slot_usage:
      organization_type:
        range: EncompassingBodyTypeEnum
        required: true
        ifabsent: string(FUNDING_BODY)
        description: Must be FUNDING_BODY for FundingOrganisation
      description:
        required: true
        description: |
          Description of the funding organization's mission and focus areas.
          Should explain what types of projects/custodians it funds.          
      implements_agenda:
        slot_uri: org:linkedTo
        range: uriorcurie
        multivalued: true
        inlined_as_list: true
        description: |
          Strategic agendas implemented by this funding organisation.

          Links to FundingAgenda instances that define strategic priorities
          guiding the organisation's funding decisions and call design.

          **Relationship Chain**:
          ```
          FundingAgenda (NWA, Horizon Europe SP)
               │
               └── implemented by → FundingOrganisation
                                          │
                                          └── issues → CallForApplication[]
          ```          
        examples:
        - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/agenda/nl/nwa
          description: NWO implements Dutch Research Agenda
      issued_calls:
        slot_uri: schema:makesOffer
        range: uriorcurie
        multivalued: true
        inlined_as_list: true
        description: |
          Funding calls issued by this organisation.

          Links to CallForApplication instances representing specific
          funding opportunities with defined budgets, deadlines, and criteria.

          **Inverse of CallForApplication.issuing_organisation**          
        examples:
        - value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/call/nwo/nwa-heritage-2025
          description: NWO NWA heritage call 2025
      funding_focus:
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        description: |
          Focus areas for funding (heritage sectors, themes, activities).
          Examples: "Visual arts", "Conservation", "Digitization", "Research"          
        examples:
        - value: Visual arts and cultural heritage
        - value: Museum acquisitions
        - value: Conservation and restoration
        - value: Digital infrastructure
      funding_schemes:
        range: string
        multivalued: true
        description: |
          Named funding programs offered by this organization.
          Each scheme typically has its own application process, criteria, and budget.          
        examples:
        - value: Project Grants for Museums
        - value: Conservation Subsidy Programme
        - value: Starting Grant
        - value: Consolidator Grant
      total_annual_budget:
        range: string
        description: |
          Approximate annual budget for grants (for context).
          Format: "€X million" or "€X-Y million range"          
        examples:
        - value: €30 million
        - value: €2.5 billion (Horizon Europe ERC share)
      funding_source:
        range: string
        description: |
          Where the funding organization gets its resources.
          Examples: "Government appropriation", "Lottery proceeds", "EU budget"          
        examples:
        - value: Dutch Ministry of OCW annual budget
        - value: Horizon Europe Framework Programme
        - value: National Lottery proceeds
      programme_period:
        slot_uri: schema:temporalCoverage
        range: TimeSpan
        description: |
          Temporal period of the funding programme.

          **EU Programmes**: Use exact dates for 7-year programming periods.
          **Ongoing Funds**: Set start date, leave end null.

          Uses CIDOC-CRM E52_Time-Span pattern via TimeSpan class.          
        examples:
        - value:
            begin_of_the_begin: '2021-01-01T00:00:00Z'
            end_of_the_begin: '2021-01-01T00:00:00Z'
            begin_of_the_end: '2027-12-31T23:59:59Z'
            end_of_the_end: '2027-12-31T23:59:59Z'
          description: 2021-2027 EU programming period
      member_custodians:
        description: |
          For FundingOrganisation, this represents FUNDED custodians, not members.

          Note: Unlike other EncompassingBody types where member_custodians
          represents ongoing membership, for FundingOrganisation this captures
          custodians that have received funding. Consider using Grant records
          for detailed funding relationships with temporal information.          
      service_offerings:
        description: |
          Additional services beyond funding (if any).
          Many funding bodies also provide advisory services, training, etc.          
        examples:
        - value: Application guidance and coaching
        - value: Networking events for grantees
        - value: Outcome evaluation support
      area_served:
        description: |
          Geographic scope of funding eligibility.
          Which countries/regions can apply for funding?          
        examples:
        - value: NL
          description: Netherlands only (Mondriaan Fund)
        - value: EU
          description: EU member states (Creative Europe)
        - value: GLOBAL
          description: Worldwide eligibility
      specificity_annotation:
        range: SpecificityAnnotation
        inlined: true
      template_specificity:
        range: TemplateSpecificityScores
        inlined: true
    exact_mappings:
    - schema:FundingAgency
    close_mappings:
    - schema:Organization
    comments:
    - FundingOrganisation provides FINANCIAL RESOURCES, not governance or services
    - Relationship with custodians is transactional (grant-based)
    - Distinguished from UMBRELLA (no governance authority)
    - Distinguished from NETWORK (no ongoing services)
    - Use schema:funder property to link to funded custodians
    examples:
    - value:
        id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/encompassing-body/funding/mondriaan-fund
        organization_name: Mondriaan Fonds
        organization_type: FUNDING_BODY
        organization_legal_form: Public fund (publiekrechtelijk fonds)
        founding_date: '1994-01-01'
        description: |
          The Mondriaan Fund is the Dutch public fund for visual arts and
          cultural heritage. It provides grants to artists, museums, archives,
          and heritage organizations for exhibitions, acquisitions, conservation,
          international exchange, and other cultural heritage activities.
          The fund is named after Dutch painter Piet Mondrian.          
        funding_focus:
        - Visual arts
        - Cultural heritage
        - Museum acquisitions
        - Conservation and restoration
        - International cultural exchange
        - Artist residencies
        funding_schemes:
        - Project Grants for Museums
        - Conservation Subsidy
        - International Heritage Programme
        - Acquisition Grants
        total_annual_budget: €30 million (approximate)
        funding_source: Dutch Ministry of OCW annual appropriation
        area_served:
        - NL
        service_offerings:
        - Application guidance
        - Networking events for grantees
        - Impact evaluation
        membership_criteria: 'Eligibility depends on specific funding scheme. Generally:
          Dutch museums, archives, heritage organizations, and visual artists. International
          projects may have broader eligibility.'
        external_identifiers:
        - http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2714299
        website: https://www.mondriaanfonds.nl/
      description: Mondriaan Fund as Dutch heritage funding organization
    - value:
        id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/encompassing-body/funding/erc
        organization_name: European Research Council
        organization_type: FUNDING_BODY
        organization_legal_form: EU executive agency
        founding_date: '2007-02-27'
        description: |
          The European Research Council (ERC) is the premier European funding
          organisation for excellent frontier research. It funds researchers
          of any nationality and age who wish to carry out their research in
          EU Member States or Associated Countries. ERC grants are awarded
          through open competition to researchers in any field of research.          
        funding_focus:
        - Frontier research (all disciplines)
        - Principal investigator-driven research
        - High-risk/high-gain research
        funding_schemes:
        - Starting Grant (2-7 years post-PhD)
        - Consolidator Grant (7-12 years post-PhD)
        - Advanced Grant (established leaders)
        - Synergy Grant (small group collaboration)
        - Proof of Concept
        total_annual_budget: €2.5 billion (under Horizon Europe)
        funding_source: Horizon Europe Framework Programme (EU budget)
        area_served:
        - EU
        - EEA
        - Associated Countries
        membership_criteria: Open to researchers of any nationality. Host institution
          must be in EU Member State or Horizon Europe Associated Country. Selection
          based on scientific excellence only.
        external_identifiers:
        - http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1377836
        website: https://erc.europa.eu/
      description: European Research Council as frontier research funding agency