360 lines
14 KiB
YAML
360 lines
14 KiB
YAML
# =============================================================================
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# WORK Hypernym Module (FRBR/LRM Model)
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# =============================================================================
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# Version: 1.7.0
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# Module: hypernyms/wrk.yaml
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#
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# BREAKING CHANGE v1.7.0: Renamed from TEXTUAL_REFERENCE (TXT) to WORK (WRK)
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# and restructured following FRBR/IFLA-LRM model:
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# - WORK: Abstract intellectual creation (the concept)
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# - EXPRESSION: Realization in a specific form (the text)
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# - MANIFESTATION: Physical embodiment (the publication)
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# - ITEM: Single exemplar (the specific copy)
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#
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# NERD's "Product" class is semantically wrong for intellectual works.
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# FRBR provides the bibliographic and archival standard.
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# =============================================================================
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id: hypernym_work
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name: "WORK Hypernym (FRBR/LRM)"
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description: |
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References to intellectual and creative works, spanning the FRBR/LRM
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abstraction levels from abstract concept (Work) to physical copy (Item).
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hypernym:
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WORK:
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code: "WRK"
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definition: |
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References to intellectual and creative works, spanning the FRBR/LRM
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abstraction levels from abstract concept (Work) to physical copy (Item).
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The FRBR model distinguishes:
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- WORK: Distinct intellectual creation ("Hamlet" as a concept)
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- EXPRESSION: Specific intellectual realization ("Hamlet in Dutch translation")
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- MANIFESTATION: Physical embodiment ("2023 Penguin edition of Hamlet")
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- ITEM: Single exemplar ("the copy in Amsterdam Public Library")
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Most textual mentions reference WORK level (titles, concepts).
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Archival contexts often reference MANIFESTATION or ITEM level.
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design_rationale: |
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NERD's "Product" class conflates:
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- Creative works (books, music, films)
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- Commercial products (software, merchandise)
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- Services (subscriptions, access)
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For heritage contexts, FRBR (now IFLA-LRM) is the bibliographic standard:
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- Library catalogs use FRBR for bibliographic relationships
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- FRBRoo integrates with CIDOC-CRM for museum contexts
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- RiC-O (archival) aligns with FRBR for records
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This enables:
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- Linking editions, translations, and copies of the same work
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- Tracking provenance of specific items
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- Distinguishing conceptual references from physical objects
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ontology_mappings:
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primary_class: "frbroo:F1_Work"
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primary_class_definition: |
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FRBRoo F1 Work: "This class comprises distinct concepts or combination
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of concepts identified in artistic and intellectual expressions."
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Equivalent to IFLA-LRM Work.
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alternative_classes:
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- "lrm:Work" # IFLA Library Reference Model
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- "crm:E89_Propositional_Object" # CIDOC-CRM intellectual content
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- "schema:CreativeWork" # Schema.org
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- "dct:BibliographicResource" # Dublin Core
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linkml_mapping:
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class_uri: "frbroo:F1_Work"
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exact_mappings:
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- "lrm:Work"
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close_mappings:
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- "schema:CreativeWork"
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- "crm:E89_Propositional_Object"
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related_mappings:
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- "bf:Work" # BIBFRAME
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nerd_class: "nerd:Product"
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nerd_deprecation_note: |
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DEPRECATED: NERD's Product class is semantically incorrect for
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intellectual works. "Product" implies commercial goods, not creative
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expressions. Use FRBR/FRBRoo/LRM for bibliographic precision.
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Retain NERD mapping ONLY for basic NLP pipeline interchange.
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frbr_mapping:
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work: "frbroo:F1_Work | lrm:Work"
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expression: "frbroo:F2_Expression | lrm:Expression"
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manifestation: "frbroo:F3_Manifestation | lrm:Manifestation"
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item: "frbroo:F5_Item | lrm:Item"
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note: |
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FRBRoo is the object-oriented version of FRBR, aligned with CIDOC-CRM.
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IFLA-LRM (2017) is the consolidated successor to FRBR/FRAD/FRSAD.
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BIBFRAME (bf:) is the Library of Congress RDF vocabulary for bibliographic data.
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subcategories:
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# ----- FRBR WORK LEVEL (abstract concept) -----
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WORK_ABSTRACT:
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code: "WRK.ABS"
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definition: |
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Abstract intellectual works referenced by title or concept,
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independent of specific editions or copies.
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examples:
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- "Hamlet"
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- "The Diary of Anne Frank"
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- "Beethoven's Ninth Symphony"
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- "the Quran"
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ontology_class: "frbroo:F1_Work"
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alternative_classes:
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- "lrm:Work"
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- "bf:Work"
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linkml_mapping:
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class_uri: "frbroo:F1_Work"
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exact_mappings:
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- "lrm:Work"
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- "bf:Work"
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note: |
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Use for references to works as concepts, not specific editions:
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- "Shakespeare's Hamlet" (the work, not a specific edition)
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- "Anne Frank's diary" (the conceptual work)
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Link to authority files (VIAF, Wikidata) for work identification.
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# ----- FRBR EXPRESSION LEVEL (specific realization) -----
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EXPRESSION:
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code: "WRK.EXP"
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definition: |
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Specific realizations of works: translations, versions, arrangements,
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performances captured as recordings.
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examples:
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- "the Dutch translation of Hamlet"
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- "the 1603 quarto text of Hamlet"
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- "Karajan's 1962 recording of Beethoven's Ninth"
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- "the King James Bible"
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ontology_class: "frbroo:F2_Expression"
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alternative_classes:
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- "lrm:Expression"
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- "bf:Work" # BIBFRAME conflates Work/Expression
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note: |
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Expressions are realizations of Works:
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- Same Work, different language → different Expression
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- Same Work, different arrangement → different Expression
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- Same musical Work, different performance → different Expression
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# ----- FRBR MANIFESTATION LEVEL (publication/edition) -----
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MANIFESTATION:
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code: "WRK.MAN"
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definition: |
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Physical or digital embodiments: editions, publications, pressings,
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broadcasts. Manifestations are producible in multiple copies.
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examples:
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- "the 2023 Penguin edition of Hamlet"
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- "Museum Journal vol. 15, no. 2"
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- "Nature magazine, March 2023"
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- "the 1609 Quarto of Shakespeare's Sonnets"
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ontology_class: "frbroo:F3_Manifestation"
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alternative_classes:
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- "lrm:Manifestation"
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- "bf:Instance" # BIBFRAME equivalent
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- "schema:Book"
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- "schema:Periodical"
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linkml_mapping:
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class_uri: "frbroo:F3_Manifestation"
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exact_mappings:
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- "lrm:Manifestation"
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- "bf:Instance"
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close_mappings:
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- "schema:Book"
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note: |
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Manifestations are what libraries catalog and acquire:
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- Publisher, date, ISBN, format are Manifestation attributes
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- Multiple identical copies = one Manifestation, many Items
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# ----- FRBR ITEM LEVEL (specific copy) -----
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ITEM:
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code: "WRK.ITM"
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definition: |
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Single exemplars: a specific copy, with provenance, annotations,
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damage. Items are unique physical objects.
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examples:
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- "the British Library's copy of the First Folio"
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- "manuscript KB 128 A 14 in the Royal Library"
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- "the annotated copy formerly owned by Van Gogh"
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ontology_class: "frbroo:F5_Item"
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alternative_classes:
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- "lrm:Item"
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- "bf:Item"
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- "crm:E22_Human-Made_Object"
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note: |
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Items have individual provenance and condition:
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- Ownership history, annotations, damage
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- Physical location (shelf mark, repository)
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- For manuscripts, each copy is a unique Item
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# ----- MANUSCRIPT (always Item level) -----
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MANUSCRIPT:
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code: "WRK.MSS"
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definition: |
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Handwritten documents and manuscripts. Manuscripts are unique
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Items (FRBR Item level), not reproducible Manifestations.
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examples:
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- "Codex Manesse"
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- "the Book of Kells"
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- "Leonardo's notebooks"
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- "the Dead Sea Scrolls"
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ontology_class: "crm:E22_Human-Made_Object"
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alternative_classes:
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- "frbroo:F5_Item"
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- "rico:Record"
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note: |
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Manuscripts are physical objects that embody intellectual content:
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- Use crm:E22_Human-Made_Object for the physical codex/scroll
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- Use frbroo:F1_Work for the textual content
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- Link via frbroo:R4_comprises_carriers_of
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# ----- ARCHIVAL RECORDS -----
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ARCHIVAL:
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code: "WRK.ARC"
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definition: |
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Archival records, documents, and files. May be single items or
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aggregations (fonds, series).
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examples:
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- "deed of sale dated 1650"
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- "birth certificate of Rembrandt"
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- "notarial act NL-SAA 5075/2135"
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- "the VOC archives"
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ontology_class: "rico:Record"
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alternative_classes:
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- "rico:RecordSet" # For aggregations (fonds, series)
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- "crm:E31_Document"
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rico_levels:
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fonds: "rico:RecordSet with rico:hasRecordSetType 'fonds'"
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series: "rico:RecordSet with rico:hasRecordSetType 'series'"
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file: "rico:RecordSet with rico:hasRecordSetType 'file'"
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item: "rico:Record"
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note: |
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RiC-O provides archival hierarchy:
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- Fonds → Series → File → Item
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- Use rico:isOrWasIncludedIn for containment
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- Use rico:hasOrHadIdentifier for call numbers
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# ----- DIGITAL RESOURCES -----
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WEBSITE:
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code: "WRK.WEB"
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definition: "Web pages and online resources as intellectual works"
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examples:
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- "the museum's online collection"
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- "the Wikipedia article on Rembrandt"
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- "the Rijksmuseum website"
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ontology_class: "schema:WebPage"
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alternative_classes:
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- "schema:WebSite"
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- "fabio:WebPage" # FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology
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note: |
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Websites are Manifestations of digital Works.
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Archived versions (Internet Archive) are different Manifestations
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of the same Expression.
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URL:
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code: "WRK.URL"
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definition: "URLs as identifiers for digital resources"
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examples:
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- "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
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- "https://www.britishmuseum.org"
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- "https://doi.org/10.1000/xyz123"
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ontology_class: "schema:URL"
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note: |
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URLs are locators, not works themselves.
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Links to GROUP hypernym via schema:url.
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DOIs are persistent identifiers for Works/Expressions.
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# ----- CONTACT INFORMATION -----
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EMAIL:
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code: "WRK.EML"
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definition: "Email addresses as contact identifiers"
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examples:
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- "info@rijksmuseum.nl"
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- "contact@museum.org"
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ontology_class: "schema:email"
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note: |
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Email addresses are identifiers, not intellectual works.
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Included here for practical extraction convenience.
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Links to GROUP hypernym via schema:email.
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SOCIAL:
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code: "WRK.SOC"
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definition: "Social media handles and profiles"
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examples:
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- "@rijksmuseum"
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- "facebook.com/britishmuseum"
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- "Instagram: @vangoghmuseum"
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ontology_class: "foaf:OnlineAccount"
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foaf_mapping:
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class: "foaf:OnlineAccount"
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properties:
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account_name: "foaf:accountName"
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service_homepage: "foaf:accountServiceHomepage"
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note: |
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Social accounts are identifiers for agent presence on platforms.
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Links to GROUP hypernym via foaf:account.
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# ----- CITATIONS -----
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CITATION:
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code: "WRK.CIT"
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definition: "Bibliographic citations and references"
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examples:
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- "Smith (2020)"
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- "cf. Van Gogh Letters, no. 532"
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- "[ibid., p. 42]"
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ontology_class: "dct:bibliographicCitation"
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alternative_classes:
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- "cito:Citation" # Citation Typing Ontology
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note: |
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Citations are references to Works/Expressions/Manifestations.
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CiTO (Citation Typing Ontology) provides citation intent types:
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- cito:cites, cito:critiques, cito:supports, etc.
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inclusion_rules:
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- id: "WRK_INC001"
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rule: "Tag work titles at appropriate FRBR level"
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examples:
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- "'Hamlet' (Work level - the concept)"
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- "'2023 Penguin edition' (Manifestation level)"
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- "'the British Library's copy' (Item level)"
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- id: "WRK_INC002"
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rule: "Tag URLs and identifiers as complete strings"
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examples:
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- "info@rijksmuseum.nl"
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- "https://www.rijksmuseum.nl"
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- "doi:10.1000/xyz123"
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- id: "WRK_INC003"
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rule: "Tag archival references with call numbers when present"
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examples:
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- "NL-SAA 5075/2135"
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- "KB 128 A 14"
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- id: "WRK_INC004"
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rule: "Tag manuscripts as Items (unique objects)"
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examples:
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- "Codex Manesse"
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- "the Book of Kells"
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exclusion_rules:
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- id: "WRK_EXC001"
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rule: "Do NOT tag generic work type references"
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examples:
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- "the document (no title)"
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- "a manuscript (not named)"
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- "some book"
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- id: "WRK_EXC002"
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rule: "Do NOT tag UI navigation elements"
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examples:
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- "Click here"
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- "Read more"
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- "Download PDF"
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- id: "WRK_EXC003"
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rule: "Do NOT confuse physical carrier with intellectual work"
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examples:
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- "the book (physical object → use THING if just the object)"
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- "the paper (material, not work)"
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