glam/schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/DataLicensePolicy.yaml

id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/DataLicensePolicy
name: data_license_policy
title: Data License Policy Class
prefixes:
  linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/
  schema: http://schema.org/
  dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
  cc: http://creativecommons.org/ns#
  odrl: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
  hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/
imports:
- linkml:types
- ../metadata
- ../slots/specificity_annotation
- ../slots/template_specificity
- ./SpecificityAnnotation
- ./TemplateSpecificityScores
default_prefix: hc
classes:
  DataLicensePolicy:
    class_uri: odrl:Policy
    description: "An organization's policy regarding data licensing and openness,\
      \ representing\nthe principles and practices the organization strives for in\
      \ sharing data.\n\n**APPLICABLE TO BOTH**:\n\n1. **EncompassingBody** (Cooperative,\
      \ SocialMovement, Network, Consortium, Umbrella)\n   - OCLC (Cooperative): Mixed\
      \ policy - WorldCat proprietary, VIAF open\n   - Wikimedia Foundation (SocialMovement):\
      \ Strong open advocate - CC0 for Wikidata\n   \n2. **Custodian** (Museums, Archives,\
      \ Libraries, etc.)\n   - Rijksmuseum: Open policy - CC0 for high-res images\n\
      \   - Some private collections: Proprietary - no reuse allowed\n\n**POLICY vs\
      \ LICENSE**:\n\n- **DataLicensePolicy**: The ASPIRATIONAL stance - what the\
      \ organization strives for\n- **DataLicense**: The LEGAL instrument - specific\
      \ license terms (CC0, CC-BY, etc.)\n\nAn organization's policy may include:\n\
      - Default license for all data/content\n- Service-specific licenses (different\
      \ licenses for different services)\n- Advocacy activities (promoting open data\
      \ beyond their own data)\n- Endorsement of open data principles (FAIR, Open\
      \ Definition)\n\n**CRITICAL DISTINCTION: OPEN vs CLOSED**\n\nThis class is essential\
      \ for understanding the fundamental difference between:\n\n- **OCLC (Cooperative)**:\
      \ MIXED_POLICY\n  - WorldCat: Proprietary (subscription-based)\n  - VIAF: ODC-BY\
      \ (open with attribution)\n  - Members pay for services\n  \n- **Wikimedia Foundation\
      \ (Social Movement)**: STRONG_OPEN_ADVOCATE\n  - Wikidata: CC0 (public domain)\n\
      \  - Wikipedia: CC-BY-SA (copyleft)\n  - All contributions openly licensed\n\
      \  - Free access for all\n\n**Ontology Alignment:**\n\n- odrl:Policy (ODRL -\
      \ Open Digital Rights Language)\n- dcterms:Policy (Dublin Core)\n- schema:DigitalDocument\
      \ (for policy documents)\n"
    exact_mappings:
    - odrl:Policy
    close_mappings:
    - dcterms:Policy
    - schema:DigitalDocument
    attributes:
      id:
        identifier: true
        slot_uri: schema:identifier
        description: |
          Unique identifier for this data license policy.

          Format: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/policy/{organization-slug}

          Examples:
          - "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/policy/oclc"
          - "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/policy/wikimedia"
          - "https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/policy/rijksmuseum"          
        range: uriorcurie
        required: true
      policy_name:
        slot_uri: schema:name
        description: |
          Name of the data license policy.

          Examples:
          - "OCLC Data Usage Policy"
          - "Wikimedia Foundation Open Data Policy"
          - "Europeana Licensing Framework"
          - "Rijksmuseum Open Access Policy"          
        range: string
        required: true
      default_license:
        slot_uri: schema:license
        description: |
          The default license applied to data/content unless otherwise specified.

          Links to a DataLicense instance representing the specific legal instrument.

          Examples:
          - Wikimedia Foundation: CC0 (for Wikidata)
          - Europeana: CC0 (for metadata)
          - OCLC: Proprietary (for WorldCat)
          - Rijksmuseum: CC0 (for high-res images)          
        range: DataLicense
        inlined: false
        required: true
      service_specific_licenses:
        slot_uri: schema:hasPart
        description: |
          Licenses for specific services that differ from the default.

          Allows modeling organizations with mixed policies where different
          services or data types have different licenses.

          **Example - OCLC (Cooperative with mixed policy):**
          ```yaml
          default_license: proprietary-worldcat
          service_specific_licenses:
            - service_name: "VIAF"
              license: odc-by-1.0
            - service_name: "WorldCat Identities"
              license: odc-by-1.0
          ```

          **Example - Wikimedia (Movement with unified open policy):**
          ```yaml
          default_license: cc0-1.0
          service_specific_licenses:
            - service_name: "Wikipedia"
              license: cc-by-sa-4.0  # Different from default
            - service_name: "Wikidata"
              license: cc0-1.0  # Same as default
          ```          
        range: ServiceLicense
        multivalued: true
        inlined_as_list: true
      openness_stance:
        slot_uri: schema:position
        description: |
          Organization's overall philosophical stance on data openness.

          This captures the ADVOCACY dimension beyond just licensing:

          - **STRONG_OPEN_ADVOCATE**: Actively promotes open data (Wikimedia, CC, OKFN)
          - **OPEN_BY_DEFAULT**: Generally open but practical exceptions (Europeana)
          - **MIXED_POLICY**: Some open, some closed (OCLC)
          - **CLOSED_BY_DEFAULT**: Generally closed with some open offerings
          - **FULLY_PROPRIETARY**: All data proprietary

          This is the PRIMARY indicator for comparing organizations.          
        range: OpennessStanceEnum
        required: true
      open_data_principles:
        slot_uri: schema:valueReference
        description: |
          Open data principles or frameworks the organization formally endorses.

          Examples:
          - "FAIR Principles" (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable)
          - "Open Definition" (Open Knowledge Foundation)
          - "Sunlight Foundation Open Data Principles"
          - "G8 Open Data Charter"
          - "Budapest Open Access Initiative"
          - "Berlin Declaration on Open Access"          
        range: string
        multivalued: true
      policy_url:
        slot_uri: schema:url
        description: |
          URL to the organization's official data policy documentation.

          Examples:
          - https://www.oclc.org/en/worldcat/community/data-strategy.html
          - https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use
          - https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/research/image-requests          
        range: uri
      policy_effective_date:
        slot_uri: schema:datePublished
        description: |
          Date when this policy became effective.

          Useful for tracking policy evolution over time.          
        range: date
      advocacy_activities:
        slot_uri: schema:potentialAction
        description: |
          Open data advocacy activities the organization engages in.

          These activities go BEYOND just licensing their own data - they
          represent active promotion of open data practices in the broader community.

          Examples:
          - "Open Data Day sponsorship"
          - "Creative Commons affiliate network membership"
          - "Open Knowledge Foundation partnership"
          - "FAIR data training programs"
          - "Open GLAM initiative participation"
          - "Linked Open Data evangelism"          
        range: string
        multivalued: true
      description:
        slot_uri: schema:description
        description: |
          Narrative description of the organization's data policy philosophy.          
        range: string
    slots:
    - specificity_annotation
    - template_specificity
    slot_usage:
      specificity_annotation:
        range: SpecificityAnnotation
        inlined: true
      template_specificity:
        range: TemplateSpecificityScores
        inlined: true
  DataLicense:
    class_uri: cc:License
    description: "A specific data license - the legal instrument that defines how\
      \ data may be\nused, shared, and redistributed.\n\n**License Categories:**\n\
      \n1. **Creative Commons (CC)** - For creative works and data\n   - CC0: Public\
      \ domain dedication (no rights reserved)\n   - CC-BY: Attribution required\n\
      \   - CC-BY-SA: Attribution + ShareAlike (copyleft)\n   - CC-BY-NC: Attribution\
      \ + Non-Commercial\n   - CC-BY-ND: Attribution + No Derivatives\n   \n2. **Open\
      \ Data Commons (ODC)** - Specifically for databases\n   - PDDL: Public Domain\
      \ Dedication and License\n   - ODC-BY: Attribution License for databases\n \
      \  - ODbL: Open Database License (Attribution + ShareAlike)\n   \n3. **Government\
      \ Open Licenses**\n   - UK OGL: UK Open Government Licence\n   - French Licence\
      \ Ouverte\n   - US Public Domain (government works)\n   \n4. **Proprietary**\
      \ - Closed/restricted access\n   - Subscription required\n   - Terms of service\
      \ restrictions\n   - No redistribution rights\n\n**Reference**: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/\n\
      \n**Ontology Alignment:**\n\n- cc:License (Creative Commons namespace)\n- dcterms:LicenseDocument\
      \ (Dublin Core)\n- schema:CreativeWork (for license documents)\n"
    exact_mappings:
    - cc:License
    close_mappings:
    - dcterms:LicenseDocument
    - schema:CreativeWork
    attributes:
      id:
        identifier: true
        slot_uri: schema:identifier
        description: |
          Unique identifier for this license.

          Recommended: Use standard SPDX-style identifiers.

          Examples:
          - "cc0-1.0" (Creative Commons Zero 1.0)
          - "cc-by-4.0" (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0)
          - "odc-by-1.0" (Open Data Commons Attribution 1.0)
          - "proprietary-oclc" (OCLC proprietary terms)          
        range: uriorcurie
        required: true
      name:
        slot_uri: schema:name
        description: |
          Full official name of the license.

          Examples:
          - "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal"
          - "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International"
          - "Open Data Commons Attribution License 1.0"
          - "Open Database License (ODbL) 1.0"          
        range: string
        required: true
      has_or_had_abbreviation:
        slot_uri: schema:alternateName
        description: |
          Common has_or_had_abbreviation for the license.

          Examples: "CC0", "CC-BY", "CC-BY-SA", "ODC-BY", "ODbL"          
        range: string
      license_type:
        slot_uri: schema:additionalType
        description: |
          Classification of this license by its framework/family.          
        range: DataLicenseTypeEnum
        required: true
      openness_level:
        slot_uri: schema:accessMode
        description: |
          Degree of openness on a spectrum from fully open to fully closed.

          This is the PRIMARY indicator for data accessibility:

          - **FULLY_OPEN**: No restrictions (CC0, PDDL)
          - **OPEN_WITH_ATTRIBUTION**: Attribution required (CC-BY, ODC-BY)
          - **OPEN_SHAREALIKE**: Copyleft requirement (CC-BY-SA, ODbL)
          - **RESTRICTED_NONCOMMERCIAL**: Non-commercial only (CC-BY-NC)
          - **RESTRICTED_NO_DERIVATIVES**: No modifications (CC-BY-ND)
          - **CLOSED_SUBSCRIPTION**: Paid access required
          - **CLOSED_PROPRIETARY**: No reuse rights          
        range: DataOpennessLevelEnum
        required: true
      license_url:
        slot_uri: cc:legalcode
        description: |
          URL to the official legal text of the license.

          Examples:
          - https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode
          - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
          - https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1-0/          
        range: uri
        required: true
      deed_url:
        slot_uri: schema:url
        description: |
          URL to the human-readable license summary (the "deed").

          Examples:
          - https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
          - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/          
        range: uri
      version:
        slot_uri: schema:version
        description: |
          Version number of the license.

          Examples:
          - "1.0" (CC0 1.0, ODC-BY 1.0)
          - "4.0" (CC-BY 4.0 - current version)
          - "3.0" (legacy CC licenses)          
        range: string
      allows_commercial_use:
        slot_uri: cc:commercialUse
        description: |
          Whether the license permits commercial use of the data.

          - true: Commercial use allowed (CC0, CC-BY, ODC-BY, ODbL)
          - false: Non-commercial only (CC-BY-NC, CC-BY-NC-SA)          
        range: boolean
        required: true
      requires_attribution:
        slot_uri: cc:attributionRequired
        description: |
          Whether the license requires attribution to the source.

          - true: Attribution required (CC-BY, ODC-BY, ODbL)
          - false: No attribution needed (CC0, PDDL)          
        range: boolean
        required: true
      requires_sharealike:
        slot_uri: cc:shareAlike
        description: |
          Whether derivatives must be shared under the same or compatible license.

          - true: ShareAlike/copyleft required (CC-BY-SA, ODbL)
          - false: No ShareAlike requirement (CC0, CC-BY, ODC-BY)          
        range: boolean
        required: true
      allows_derivatives:
        slot_uri: cc:DerivativeWorks
        description: |
          Whether the license permits creating derivative works.

          - true: Derivatives allowed (most open licenses)
          - false: No derivatives allowed (CC-BY-ND, CC-BY-NC-ND)          
        range: boolean
        required: true
      jurisdiction:
        slot_uri: cc:jurisdiction
        description: |
          Legal jurisdiction of the license (if jurisdiction-specific).

          Most modern licenses (CC 4.0+) are "international" (jurisdiction-agnostic).
          Earlier versions (CC 3.0, 2.x) had jurisdiction-specific "ports".

          Examples:
          - null: International/universal (CC 4.0 licenses)
          - "NL": Netherlands-specific ported license
          - "US": United States-specific          
        range: string
      steward_organization:
        slot_uri: schema:maintainer
        description: |
          Organization that maintains and stewards this license.

          Examples:
          - "Creative Commons" (for CC licenses)
          - "Open Knowledge Foundation" (for ODC licenses)
          - "UK National Archives" (for UK OGL)          
        range: string
      spdx_identifier:
        slot_uri: dcterms:identifier
        description: |
          SPDX License Identifier for software license compatibility.

          SPDX (Software Package Data Exchange) provides standardized
          identifiers for licenses used in software and data.

          Examples:
          - "CC0-1.0"
          - "CC-BY-4.0"
          - "ODbL-1.0"

          Reference: https://spdx.org/licenses/          
        range: string
      description:
        slot_uri: schema:description
        description: |
          Human-readable description of what this license permits and requires.          
        range: string
    slots:
    - specificity_annotation
    - template_specificity
    slot_usage:
      specificity_annotation:
        range: SpecificityAnnotation
        inlined: true
      template_specificity:
        range: TemplateSpecificityScores
        inlined: true
  ServiceLicense:
    class_uri: odrl:Agreement
    description: |
      A license assignment for a specific service within an organization's policy.

      Used when an organization has different licenses for different services,
      allowing for nuanced modeling of mixed open/closed policies.

      **Example - OCLC (Cooperative with mixed policy):**
      - WorldCat: Proprietary (default)
      - VIAF: ODC-BY (open for linked data)
      - WorldCat Identities: ODC-BY

      **Example - Wikimedia (Movement with mostly unified policy):**
      - Wikidata: CC0 (default)
      - Wikipedia: CC-BY-SA (different - copyleft for text)
      - Commons: Varies by upload (contributor choice)      
    attributes:
      service_name:
        slot_uri: schema:name
        description: |
          Name of the service this license applies to.

          Examples: "VIAF", "WorldCat", "Wikidata", "Wikipedia", "Rijksstudio"          
        range: string
        required: true
      service_url:
        slot_uri: schema:url
        description: |
          URL of the service.

          Examples:
          - https://viaf.org/
          - https://www.worldcat.org/
          - https://www.wikidata.org/          
        range: uri
      license:
        slot_uri: schema:license
        description: |
          The specific license that applies to this service.

          Links to a DataLicense instance.          
        range: DataLicense
        inlined: false
        required: true
      license_notes:
        slot_uri: schema:description
        description: |
          Additional notes about how the license applies to this service.

          Examples:
          - "VIAF data is available under ODC-BY via OCLC Research"
          - "API access requires registration but data is freely reusable"
          - "High-resolution images require separate agreement"          
        range: string
    slots:
    - specificity_annotation
    - template_specificity
    slot_usage:
      specificity_annotation:
        range: SpecificityAnnotation
        inlined: true
      template_specificity:
        range: TemplateSpecificityScores
        inlined: true
enums:
  DataLicenseTypeEnum:
    description: |
      Classification of license types by their framework/family.

      Different license families are designed for different purposes:
      - Creative Commons: General creative works and data
      - Open Data Commons: Specifically for databases
      - Government: Public sector data      
    permissible_values:
      CREATIVE_COMMONS:
        description: |
          Creative Commons license family (CC0, CC-BY, CC-BY-SA, etc.).

          The most widely used open content licenses globally.

          Reference: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/          
        meaning: cc:License
      OPEN_DATA_COMMONS:
        description: |
          Open Data Commons license family (PDDL, ODC-BY, ODbL).

          Specifically designed for databases and structured data.
          Addresses sui generis database rights in EU law.

          Reference: https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/          
      PUBLIC_DOMAIN:
        description: |
          Explicit public domain dedication (not technically a license).

          Represents waiver of all rights to the fullest extent possible.

          Examples:
          - CC0 (Creative Commons public domain dedication)
          - PDDL (Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication)
          - Unlicense (for software)          
      OPEN_SOURCE:
        description: |
          Open source licenses approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI).

          Primarily for software but sometimes applied to data.

          Examples: MIT, Apache 2.0, GPL, BSD

          Reference: https://opensource.org/licenses          
      GOVERNMENT_OPEN:
        description: |
          Government open data licenses.

          National licenses for public sector information.

          Examples:
          - UK Open Government Licence (OGL)
          - French Licence Ouverte / Open Licence
          - US works: Public domain by default (17 U.S.C. § 105)          
      PROPRIETARY:
        description: |
          Proprietary/closed licenses with restricted rights.

          Typically requires subscription, payment, or specific agreements.
          No redistribution or derivative rights without permission.          
      TERMS_OF_SERVICE:
        description: |
          Terms of service that govern data access without being a formal license.

          Often more restrictive than licenses, may change without notice.
          Common for commercial platforms and APIs.          
  DataOpennessLevelEnum:
    description: |
      Spectrum of data openness from fully open to fully closed.

      This is the PRIMARY indicator for comparing data accessibility:
      - Wikimedia Wikidata: FULLY_OPEN (CC0)
      - OCLC VIAF: OPEN_WITH_ATTRIBUTION (ODC-BY)
      - OCLC WorldCat: CLOSED_SUBSCRIPTION      
    permissible_values:
      FULLY_OPEN:
        description: "No restrictions on use, redistribution, or modification.\nPublic\
          \ domain or equivalent dedication.\n\n**Rights**: No attribution required,\
          \ commercial use allowed, \nderivatives allowed, no ShareAlike requirement.\n\
          \nExamples:\n- Wikidata (CC0)\n- Europeana metadata (CC0)\n- US Government\
          \ works (public domain by law)\n- Open Library metadata (PDDL)\n"
      OPEN_WITH_ATTRIBUTION:
        description: |
          Open for any use, but attribution/credit to source required.

          **Rights**: Commercial use allowed, derivatives allowed,
          no ShareAlike requirement. MUST credit source.

          Examples:
          - VIAF (ODC-BY)
          - Many government datasets (UK OGL)
          - Some museum collections (CC-BY)          
      OPEN_SHAREALIKE:
        description: |
          Open for any use, but derivatives must use same/compatible license.
          Also known as "copyleft" for data.

          **Rights**: Commercial use allowed, derivatives allowed,
          attribution required. MUST share derivatives under same terms.

          Examples:
          - Wikipedia text (CC-BY-SA)
          - OpenStreetMap (ODbL)
          - Wikibooks (CC-BY-SA)          
      RESTRICTED_NONCOMMERCIAL:
        description: |
          Open for non-commercial use only. Commercial use prohibited.

          **Rights**: Attribution usually required, derivatives may be allowed.
          NO commercial use without separate agreement.

          Examples:
          - Some academic research datasets (CC-BY-NC)
          - Some museum image collections (CC-BY-NC)
          - Educational resources (CC-BY-NC-SA)          
      RESTRICTED_NO_DERIVATIVES:
        description: |
          Can share/redistribute but cannot modify or create derivatives.

          **Rights**: Attribution required, redistribution allowed.
          NO modifications, adaptations, or derivative works.

          Examples:
          - Some archival materials (CC-BY-ND)
          - Marketing materials
          - Certain scholarly publications          
      CLOSED_SUBSCRIPTION:
        description: |
          Requires paid subscription or membership for access.
          Limited or no redistribution rights.

          **Rights**: Access requires payment. Redistribution typically prohibited.
          May allow limited use under subscription terms.

          Examples:
          - OCLC WorldCat (subscription database)
          - JSTOR (academic subscription)
          - ProQuest (commercial database)          
      CLOSED_PROPRIETARY:
        description: |
          Fully proprietary with no reuse rights.
          Data cannot be redistributed, repurposed, or derived without explicit agreement.

          **Rights**: No access or reuse without explicit permission.
          All rights reserved.

          Examples:
          - Internal corporate databases
          - Classified government data
          - Trade secrets and confidential business information          
  OpennessStanceEnum:
    description: |
      Organization's overall philosophical stance on data openness.

      This captures the ADVOCACY and ASPIRATION dimension beyond just
      the specific licenses applied. It represents what the organization
      strives for and promotes in the broader community.      
    permissible_values:
      STRONG_OPEN_ADVOCATE:
        description: |
          Organization actively promotes and advocates for open data.

          Goes BEYOND just licensing own data openly - actively works
          to influence others and advance open data movement.

          **Characteristics:**
          - All/most own data under open licenses
          - Participates in open data advocacy organizations
          - Provides funding/resources for open data initiatives
          - Influences policy toward openness
          - Trains others in open data practices
          - May be part of a broader social movement

          **Examples:**
          - Wikimedia Foundation (social movement for free knowledge)
          - Creative Commons (license steward and advocate)
          - Open Knowledge Foundation (open data advocacy)
          - Mozilla Foundation (open web advocacy)
          - Internet Archive (preservation and access)          
      OPEN_BY_DEFAULT:
        description: |
          Organization prefers open data as default but may have practical exceptions.

          **Characteristics:**
          - Default license is open
          - May have some restricted data for practical/legal reasons
          - Generally supportive of open data movement
          - Not necessarily active in advocacy

          **Examples:**
          - Many government open data programs
          - Europeana (open metadata aggregator)
          - Library of Congress (public domain by default)
          - Rijksmuseum (open access to images)          
      MIXED_POLICY:
        description: |
          Organization has mix of open and closed data offerings.

          **Characteristics:**
          - Some services open, some proprietary
          - May be transitioning toward openness
          - Business model partially depends on closed data
          - Pragmatic rather than ideological approach

          **Examples:**
          - OCLC (VIAF open, WorldCat closed)
          - Some academic publishers (some open access journals)
          - Hybrid open access publishers
          - Museums with partial open access programs          
      CLOSED_BY_DEFAULT:
        description: |
          Organization generally keeps data closed but has some open offerings.

          **Characteristics:**
          - Default is proprietary/closed
          - Some data released for specific purposes or requirements
          - May participate in limited open data initiatives
          - Open offerings are exceptions, not the rule

          **Examples:**
          - Traditional commercial publishers with some OA
          - Some corporate data providers with limited free tiers
          - Organizations transitioning slowly toward openness          
      FULLY_PROPRIETARY:
        description: |
          Organization maintains fully closed/proprietary data model.

          **Characteristics:**
          - All data proprietary
          - No open data initiatives
          - Business model depends on data exclusivity
          - May view open data as threat to business

          **Examples:**
          - Commercial data vendors
          - Some subscription databases
          - Private corporate archives
          - Trade secret repositories