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glam/schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/Standard.yaml
kempersc 095a3f949c refactor(linkml): apply RiC-O slot naming conventions to /schemas/ (Rule 39) 
Apply same RiC-O-style slot naming refactor to /schemas/20251121/linkml/
that was previously applied to frontend/public/schemas/:

- Add 'has_' prefix for possession predicates
- Add 'is_or_was_' prefix for temporal inverse relationships
- Add 'has_or_had_' for bidirectional temporal relations
- Add new slots: is_or_was_aggregated_by, is_or_was_allocated_by, etc.
- Update count slots with proper descriptions

This ensures consistency between the source schema directory and the
frontend-served schemas.

514 files changed, +6,325 insertions, -4,255 deletions
2026-01-10 12:55:45 +01:00

925 lines
31 KiB
YAML
Raw Blame History

id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/Standard
name: standard
title: Standard Class
prefixes:
linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/
schema: http://schema.org/
skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
imports:
- linkml:types
- ../metadata
- ./StandardsOrganization
- ./RegistrationAuthority
- ./ContributingAgency
- ./Country
- ./Subregion
- ../slots/description
- ../slots/website
- ../slots/specificity_annotation
- ../slots/template_specificity
- ./SpecificityAnnotation
- ./TemplateSpecificityScores
classes:
Standard:
class_uri: skos:ConceptScheme
description: |
A standard that defines an identifier system for heritage institutions or related entities.
**Key Concepts:**
1. **Standard**: The specification itself (ISO 15511, ISO 27729)
2. **RegistrationAuthority**: Global registry maintainer (OCLC for ISIL, WIPO for ISNI)
3. **AllocationAgency**: Local allocator by country/domain (National Library of NL for ISIL)
4. **IdentifierFormat**: Format variants (ISNI with or without spaces)
**Examples:**
- **ISIL** (ISO 15511):
- defined_by: ISO
- registration_authority: Danish Agency for Culture and Palaces
- geographic_scope: Global (160+ countries)
- formats: "XX-YYYY" (country prefix + local code)
- **ISNI** (ISO 27729):
- defined_by: ISO
- registration_authority: WIPO (ISNI International Agency)
- geographic_scope: Global
- formats: "0000 0000 0000 0000" or "0000000000000000"
- **Wikidata Q-ID**:
- defined_by: Wikimedia Foundation (not ISO)
- registration_authority: Wikimedia Foundation
- formats: "Q" + digits
**Ontology Alignment:**
- skos:ConceptScheme - SKOS concept scheme (identifier systems as schemes)
- schema:DefinedTermSet - Schema.org defined term set
- dcterms:Standard - Dublin Core standard reference
exact_mappings:
- skos:ConceptScheme
close_mappings:
- schema:DefinedTermSet
- dcterms:Standard
attributes:
id:
identifier: true
slot_uri: schema:identifier
description: |
Unique identifier for this standard.
Recommended format: lowercase short name.
Examples: "isil", "isni", "viaf", "wikidata", "ror", "orcid"
range: uriorcurie
required: true
name:
slot_uri: schema:name
description: |
Full name of the standard.
Examples:
- "International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations"
- "International Standard Name Identifier"
- "Virtual International Authority File"
range: string
required: true
has_or_had_abbreviation:
slot_uri: schema:alternateName
description: |
Common abbreviation/acronym.
Examples: "ISIL", "ISNI", "VIAF", "ROR", "ORCID"
range: string
required: true
iso_standard_number:
slot_uri: dcterms:identifier
description: |
ISO standard number if applicable.
Examples:
- "ISO 15511" (ISIL)
- "ISO 27729" (ISNI)
- "ISO 2108" (ISBN)
- null (Wikidata - not an ISO standard)
range: string
defined_by:
slot_uri: dcterms:creator
description: |
Standards organization that defines this standard.
Examples:
- ISIL → ISO
- VIAF → OCLC (in collaboration with national libraries)
- Wikidata → Wikimedia Foundation
range: StandardsOrganization
required: true
inlined: false
registration_authority:
slot_uri: schema:maintainer
description: |
Organization that maintains the GLOBAL registry for this standard.
This is different from AllocationAgency which allocates locally.
Examples:
- ISIL: Danish Agency for Culture and Palaces
- ISNI: ISNI International Agency (administered by WIPO)
- VIAF: OCLC
range: RegistrationAuthority
inlined: false
country_scope:
slot_uri: schema:areaServed
description: |
Geographic areas where this standard applies.
Options:
- Empty/null: Global scope (most standards)
- List of Country: Country-specific standard
- List of Subregion: Regional standard
Examples:
- ISIL: Global (used in 160+ countries)
- KvK number: [NL] (Netherlands only)
- NUTS codes: [EU member countries]
range: Country
multivalued: true
inlined: false
scope_type:
slot_uri: schema:additionalType
description: |
Classification of geographic scope.
Values:
- GLOBAL: Applies worldwide (ISIL, ISNI, VIAF)
- NATIONAL: Single country (KvK for NL)
- REGIONAL: Specific regions (NUTS for EU)
- DOMAIN_SPECIFIC: Limited to specific institution types
range: StandardScopeTypeEnum
required: true
identifier_domain:
slot_uri: schema:about
description: |
What entities this identifier standard applies to.
Values:
- ORGANIZATION: Libraries, museums, archives (ISIL)
- PERSON: Authors, creators (ISNI, ORCID)
- WORK: Publications, creative works (ISBN, DOI)
- NAME_AUTHORITY: Name records (VIAF)
- RESEARCH_ORG: Research organizations (ROR)
- LEGAL_ENTITY: Legal entities (LEI)
range: IdentifierDomainEnum
required: true
formats:
slot_uri: schema:hasPart
description: |
Format variants for this identifier standard.
Many standards allow multiple display formats:
- ISNI: "0000 0000 0000 0000" (with spaces) or "0000000000000000" (compact)
- ISIL: "NL-AmUvA" (with prefix) or just "AmUvA" (local part)
The canonical_format indicates which is preferred for storage.
range: IdentifierFormat
multivalued: true
inlined_as_list: true
canonical_format:
slot_uri: schema:encodingFormat
description: |
Reference to the preferred/canonical format for storage.
Points to one of the formats in the formats list.
range: IdentifierFormat
inlined: false
website:
slot_uri: schema:url
description: |
Official website for the standard or registry.
Examples:
- https://www.iso.org/standard/57332.html (ISIL)
- https://isni.org/ (ISNI)
- https://viaf.org/ (VIAF)
range: uri
lookup_url_template:
slot_uri: schema:urlTemplate
description: |
URL template for looking up identifiers.
Use {id} as placeholder for the identifier value.
Examples:
- ISIL: "https://ld.zdb-services.de/resource/organisations/{id}"
- ISNI: "https://isni.org/isni/{id}"
- Wikidata: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/{id}"
- VIAF: "https://viaf.org/viaf/{id}"
range: string
first_published_year:
slot_uri: schema:datePublished
description: |
Year the standard was first published.
Examples:
- ISIL (ISO 15511): 2003
- ISNI (ISO 27729): 2012
- VIAF: 2003 (launched)
range: integer
current_version:
slot_uri: schema:version
description: |
Current version of the standard.
Examples:
- ISO 15511:2019 (3rd edition)
- ISO 27729:2012 (1st edition)
range: string
description:
slot_uri: schema:description
description: Description of the standard's purpose and scope
range: string
standard_type:
slot_uri: schema:additionalType
description: |
Classification of how this standard/identifier system is governed.
This is CRITICAL for understanding the authority model:
- **ISO_STANDARD**: Formal ISO standard with TC governance
- Examples: ISIL (ISO 15511), ISNI (ISO 27729)
- Has iso_standard_number
- Governed by ISO Technical Committee
- **CONSORTIUM_SERVICE**: Collaborative aggregation service
- Examples: VIAF, ORCID, ROR
- NO ISO number
- Governed by council/board with contributor representatives
- has contributing_agencies list
- **PROPRIETARY_SYSTEM**: Single-organization system
- Examples: Wikidata Q-IDs, GND, LCNAF
- Controlled by one organization
- **NATIONAL_STANDARD**: Country-specific standard
- Examples: KvK (NL), Companies House (UK)
- **COMMUNITY_STANDARD**: De facto community standard
- Examples: DOI (before ISO formalization)
range: StandardTypeEnum
required: true
governance_model:
slot_uri: schema:governmentType
description: |
How decisions are made about this identifier system.
Values:
- ISO_TC: ISO Technical Committee with national body voting
- COUNCIL: Representative council (VIAF Council)
- SINGLE_AUTHORITY: Single organization decides (Wikidata)
- COMMUNITY_CONSENSUS: RFC/vote process (IETF)
- MEMBERSHIP_BOARD: Elected board (ORCID)
range: GovernanceModelEnum
contributing_agencies:
slot_uri: schema:contributor
description: |
Organizations that contribute data to this identifier system.
ONLY applicable for CONSORTIUM_SERVICE type standards.
For VIAF, this includes 37 national libraries and agencies:
- Library of Congress (LC)
- Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (DNB)
- Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF)
- National Library of the Netherlands (NTA)
- etc.
Contributors are both:
1. DATA SOURCES: They provide authority records
2. ALLOCATION AGENCIES: They allocate their own national IDs
See ContributingAgency class for full modeling.
range: ContributingAgency
multivalued: true
inlined: false
governance_council:
slot_uri: schema:organizer
description: |
The governance body for consortium-type services.
For VIAF: VIAF Council (every contributor can appoint a voting representative)
For ORCID: ORCID Board of Directors
Links to a StandardsOrganization (or governance subclass).
range: StandardsOrganization
inlined: false
data_license:
slot_uri: schema:license
description: |
License for data from this identifier system.
Examples:
- VIAF: ODC-BY (Open Data Commons Attribution)
- ORCID: CC0 (public domain)
- Wikidata: CC0
range: uri
applicable_schema_types:
slot_uri: schema:about
description: "Schema.org classes that this identifier standard applies to.\n\
\nThis enables semantic querying like \"which identifiers apply to Museums?\"\
\n\nExamples:\n- ISIL: [schema:Library, schema:Museum, schema:ArchiveOrganization,\
\ \n schema:ResearchOrganization, schema:GovernmentOrganization]\n\
- ORCID: [schema:Person]\n- ROR: [schema:ResearchOrganization, schema:EducationalOrganization]\n\
- KvK: [schema:Organization] (all legal entity types)\n\nUses Schema.org\
\ class URIs from https://schema.org/\n"
range: uriorcurie
multivalued: true
wikidata_id:
slot_uri: schema:sameAs
description: |
Wikidata Q-identifier for this standard.
Examples:
- ISIL: Q470458
- VIAF: Q54919
- ORCID: Q51044
Enables linking to Wikidata knowledge graph.
range: uriorcurie
glamorcubesfixphdnt_types:
slot_uri: schema:applicableCategory
description: |
GLAMORCUBESFIXPHDNT custodian type codes this standard applies to.
Single-letter codes:
- G: Galleries
- L: Libraries
- A: Archives
- M: Museums
- O: Official institutions
- R: Research centers
- C: Corporations
- U: Unknown
- B: Botanical gardens/Zoos
- E: Education providers
- S: Collecting societies
- F: Features/Monuments
- I: Intangible heritage groups
- X: Mixed
- P: Personal collections
- H: Holy sites
- D: Digital platforms
- N: NGOs
- T: Taste/smell heritage
Examples:
- ISIL: ["L", "A", "M", "R", "O", "G"]
- BGCI: ["B"]
- UNESCO_WHC: ["F", "H"]
range: string
multivalued: true
category:
slot_uri: schema:category
description: |
Category grouping for this identifier standard.
Categories:
1. ISO Standards
2. Authority Files (National Libraries)
3. Consortium Services
4. Domain-Specific Art/Cultural Heritage
5. Archives/Manuscripts
6. National Quality Standards
7. Web/Open Data
8. Religious/Ecclesiastical
9. Encyclopedias/Reference Works
10. Architecture/Buildings
11. Social Media/Web Presence
12. Commercial/Discovery Platforms
13. Dutch-Specific
14. Legal Entity Registries
15. Japanese Identifiers
16. Botanical Gardens/Zoos
17. Higher Education/Research
18. Numismatic/Philatelic (Collecting)
19. Monuments/Heritage Sites
20. Intangible Heritage
21. Provenance/Art Registry
22. Persistent Identifiers (Digital)
23. Heritage NGOs
24. Religious Heritage
25. Gastronomy/Culinary Heritage
range: string
slots:
- specificity_annotation
- template_specificity
slot_usage:
specificity_annotation:
range: SpecificityAnnotation
inlined: true
template_specificity:
range: TemplateSpecificityScores
inlined: true
IdentifierFormat:
class_uri: schema:PropertyValue
description: |
A specific format variant for an identifier standard.
Many identifier standards allow multiple display formats. This class
captures the variations and which is canonical for storage.
**Examples:**
- **ISNI formats:**
- "0000 0000 0000 0000" (display format with spaces)
- "0000000000000000" (compact/canonical for storage)
- "http://isni.org/isni/0000000000000000" (URI format)
- **ISIL formats:**
- "NL-AmUvA" (full format with country prefix)
- "AmUvA" (local part only)
- **Wikidata formats:**
- "Q12345" (short form)
- "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12345" (full URI)
**Usage:**
When storing identifiers, use the canonical format (canonical: true).
When displaying, choose the appropriate format for the context.
exact_mappings:
- schema:PropertyValue
attributes:
id:
identifier: true
slot_uri: schema:identifier
description: Unique identifier for this format variant
range: uriorcurie
required: true
format_name:
slot_uri: schema:name
description: |
Human-readable name for this format.
Examples:
- "Display format with spaces"
- "Compact format"
- "Full URI format"
- "Local part only"
range: string
required: true
pattern:
slot_uri: schema:pattern
description: |
Regular expression pattern for this format.
Examples:
- ISNI display: "^[0-9]{4} [0-9]{4} [0-9]{4} [0-9]{3}[0-9X]$"
- ISNI compact: "^[0-9]{15}[0-9X]$"
- ISIL: "^[A-Z]{2}-[A-Za-z0-9-]+$"
- Wikidata: "^Q[0-9]+$"
range: string
required: true
example:
slot_uri: schema:exampleOfWork
description: |
Example identifier in this format.
Examples:
- ISNI display: "0000 0001 2146 5765"
- ISNI compact: "0000000121465765"
- ISIL: "NL-AmRMA"
- Wikidata: "Q190804"
range: string
required: true
is_canonical:
slot_uri: schema:isBasedOn
description: |
Whether this is the canonical/preferred format for storage.
Only one format per standard should be canonical.
Canonical format should be:
- Unambiguous (no optional characters)
- Compact (minimal characters)
- Sortable (if possible)
range: boolean
required: true
is_uri_format:
slot_uri: schema:url
description: |
Whether this format is a full URI.
Examples:
- true: "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q190804"
- true: "https://isni.org/isni/0000000121465765"
- false: "Q190804"
- false: "0000 0001 2146 5765"
range: boolean
required: true
transformation_to_canonical:
slot_uri: schema:algorithm
description: |
Description of how to transform this format to canonical.
Examples:
- ISNI display → compact: "Remove spaces"
- Wikidata URI → short: "Extract Q-number from URI path"
- ISIL local → full: "Prepend country code prefix"
range: string
slots:
- specificity_annotation
- template_specificity
slot_usage:
specificity_annotation:
range: SpecificityAnnotation
inlined: true
template_specificity:
range: TemplateSpecificityScores
inlined: true
enums:
StandardTypeEnum:
description: |
Classification of how a standard/identifier system is defined and governed.
This is CRITICAL for understanding the authority model:
- ISO_STANDARD: Formal ISO/IEC standard with TC governance
- CONSORTIUM_SERVICE: Collaborative service (VIAF, ORCID)
- PROPRIETARY_SYSTEM: Single-organization system (Wikidata)
permissible_values:
ISO_STANDARD:
description: |
Formal ISO or ISO/IEC standard developed by Technical Committee.
Characteristics:
- Published as numbered ISO document (ISO NNNNN)
- Formal revision process
- National body voting
- Periodic review cycle (5 years)
Examples:
- ISIL (ISO 15511)
- ISNI (ISO 27729)
- ISBN (ISO 2108)
- ISSN (ISO 3297)
CONSORTIUM_SERVICE:
description: |
Collaborative service operated by consortium of contributing agencies.
Characteristics:
- Multiple data contributors
- Shared governance (council/board)
- Aggregation of authority records
- NOT a formal ISO standard
Examples:
- VIAF (OCLC + 37 national libraries)
- ORCID (open consortium)
- ROR (community-governed)
- FAST (OCLC subject headings)
PROPRIETARY_SYSTEM:
description: |
Identifier system controlled by single organization.
Characteristics:
- Single authority defines/allocates
- May be open (Wikidata) or closed
- Organization controls governance
Examples:
- Wikidata Q-IDs (Wikimedia Foundation)
- GND (Deutsche Nationalbibliothek)
- LCNAF (Library of Congress)
- ULAN (Getty Research Institute)
NATIONAL_STANDARD:
description: |
National standard defined by a single country's standards body.
Characteristics:
- Defined by national body (NEN, DIN, BSI, ANSI)
- May align with ISO standards
- Country-specific governance
Examples:
- KvK number (NL Chamber of Commerce)
- Companies House number (UK)
COMMUNITY_STANDARD:
description: |
De facto standard emerging from community practice.
Characteristics:
- Wide adoption without formal governance
- Often becomes formalized later
- Community consensus-driven
Examples:
- DOI (before ISO formalization)
- Handle System
QUALITY_STANDARD:
description: |
Quality or accreditation standard for heritage institutions.
NOT an identifier standard, but a set of criteria that institutions
must meet to receive certification or accreditation.
Characteristics:
- Defines quality criteria (governance, collections, access)
- Assessed by certification body
- Grants status/accreditation (not identifier)
- May result in listing in official register
Examples:
- Museumnorm (NL) - Museum quality standard
- Defined by: Museumvereniging
- Certified by: Stichting Museumregister Nederland
- Wikidata: Q2292728
- Museum Accreditation (UK) - Arts Council England
- AAM Accreditation (US) - American Alliance of Museums
- ICOM ethical guidelines
Note: Institutions certified under quality standards may be listed
in a register (e.g., Museumregister Nederland), but this is
certification status, not an identifier assignment.
COMMERCIAL_SERVICE:
description: |
Commercial platform providing identifier-like functionality.
Characteristics:
- For-profit company operates service
- Terms of service controlled by company
- May have API restrictions or costs
Examples:
- TripAdvisor (review platform)
- Google Maps (place IDs)
- LinkedIn (profile URLs)
- Yelp (business IDs)
GOVERNMENT_REGISTRY:
description: |
Official government registry assigning identifiers.
Characteristics:
- Operated by government agency
- Legal authority for registration
- Official records
Examples:
- NRHP (US National Register of Historic Places)
- NHLE (UK National Heritage List for England)
- Rijksmonument (NL heritage registry)
- Companies House (UK company registration)
INTERNATIONAL_TREATY:
description: |
Identifier system established by international treaty or convention.
Characteristics:
- Governed by international body (UN, UNESCO)
- Treaty-based legal framework
- Intergovernmental oversight
Examples:
- UNESCO World Heritage (WHC)
- UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
- IGP/PDO (EU geographic indications)
CROWDSOURCED:
description: |
Community-edited open data platform.
Characteristics:
- Open editing by public
- Community governance
- CC0 or open license
Examples:
- Wikidata
- OpenStreetMap
- GeoNames
COMMUNITY_NONPROFIT:
description: |
Non-profit organization maintaining identifier system.
Characteristics:
- Non-profit governance
- Community-focused mission
- Often membership-based
Examples:
- ICOMOS (heritage sites)
- World Monuments Fund
- Europa Nostra
OPEN_STANDARD:
description: |
Open technical standard for persistent identifiers.
Characteristics:
- Technical specification published openly
- Multiple implementations allowed
- Community or standards body governance
Examples:
- DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
- Handle System
- ARK (Archival Resource Key)
- PURL
ACADEMIC_DATABASE:
description: |
Academic or research database with identifier system.
Characteristics:
- Academic institution maintains
- Scholarly/research focus
- Often freely accessible
Examples:
- CiNii (Japan scholarly database)
- IPEDS (US education statistics)
- Database of Religious History
CONTROLLED_VOCABULARY:
description: |
Controlled vocabulary or thesaurus providing term identifiers.
Characteristics:
- Standardized terminology
- Hierarchical relationships
- Used for subject access
Examples:
- AAT (Art & Architecture Thesaurus)
- TGN (Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names)
- FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology)
QUALITY_CERTIFICATION:
description: |
Quality certification or accreditation system.
Characteristics:
- Certification body assesses compliance
- Standards-based assessment
- Grants certification status
Examples:
- Museumnorm (NL museum quality)
- Muséofile (FR museum registry)
EXTRACTED_DATA:
description: |
Identifiers extracted from other data sources.
Characteristics:
- Derived from primary sources (Wikipedia, etc.)
- Structured data extraction
- Often linked data focus
Examples:
- DBpedia (extracted from Wikipedia)
GovernanceModelEnum:
description: |
How the identifier system is governed and decisions are made.
permissible_values:
ISO_TC:
description: |
ISO Technical Committee governance with national body voting.
Used by formal ISO standards.
COUNCIL:
description: |
Governance council with representative voting.
Examples: VIAF Council, ORCID Board
SINGLE_AUTHORITY:
description: |
Single organization makes all governance decisions.
Examples: Wikidata (Wikimedia Foundation), national libraries
COMMUNITY_CONSENSUS:
description: |
Community-driven decision making (RFCs, votes).
Examples: IETF, W3C
MEMBERSHIP_BOARD:
description: |
Governing board elected by member organizations.
Examples: OCLC, ORCID
PROPRIETARY:
description: |
Commercial entity controls governance unilaterally.
Examples: TripAdvisor, Google Maps, Facebook
GOVERNMENT:
description: |
Government agency controls governance.
Examples: NRHP (National Park Service), Companies House
ACADEMIC:
description: |
Academic institution or consortium governs.
Examples: CiNii (NII Japan), DBpedia (Leipzig University)
INTERGOVERNMENTAL:
description: |
International/intergovernmental body governs.
Examples: UNESCO (World Heritage), European Union (IGP/PDO)
COMMUNITY:
description: |
Open community governance with consensus-based decisions.
Examples: OpenStreetMap, GeoNames
INDUSTRY_BODY:
description: |
Industry association or professional body governs.
Examples: WAZA (zoos), BGCI (botanical gardens)
StandardScopeTypeEnum:
description: Classification of geographic scope for standards
permissible_values:
GLOBAL:
description: |
Standard applies worldwide.
Examples: ISIL, ISNI, VIAF, ORCID
NATIONAL:
description: |
Standard applies to a single country.
Examples: KvK (NL), Companies House (UK), NRHP (US)
REGIONAL:
description: |
Standard applies to a region or group of countries.
Examples: NUTS (EU), LEI (global but with regional allocators), IGP/PDO (EU)
DOMAIN_SPECIFIC:
description: |
Standard limited to specific institution types regardless of geography.
Examples: IGSN (geological samples), BGCI (botanical gardens)
INSTITUTIONAL:
description: |
Standard applies to a single institution or organization.
Examples: Museum-specific collection IDs, institutional repositories
IdentifierDomainEnum:
description: Classification of what entities an identifier applies to
permissible_values:
ORGANIZATION:
description: |
Identifies organizations (libraries, museums, archives, etc.).
Examples: ISIL, GRID (deprecated), ROR
HERITAGE_INSTITUTION:
description: |
Specifically identifies heritage custodian institutions.
More specific than ORGANIZATION - focused on GLAM sector.
Examples:
- ISIL (ISO 15511) - primary identifier for heritage institutions
- Museumregister Nederland - certified museums
- Museofile (FR) - French museum registry
- ACMI (AU) - Australian Centre for the Moving Image
PERSON:
description: |
Identifies persons (authors, creators, contributors).
Examples: ISNI, ORCID, VIAF (also organizations)
WORK:
description: |
Identifies works (publications, creative works).
Examples: ISBN, DOI, Handle
NAME_AUTHORITY:
description: |
Identifies authority records for names.
Examples: VIAF, LCNAF, GND, BnF
RESEARCH_ORG:
description: |
Identifies research organizations specifically.
Examples: ROR
LEGAL_ENTITY:
description: |
Identifies legal entities for financial/regulatory purposes.
Examples: LEI (Legal Entity Identifier), KvK, Companies House
COLLECTION:
description: |
Identifies collections or datasets.
Examples: DOI (for datasets), Handle
PLACE:
description: |
Identifies geographic places.
Examples: GeoNames ID, What3Words, OpenStreetMap
BUILDING:
description: |
Identifies buildings and architectural structures.
Examples: Structurae, archINFORM
HERITAGE_SITE:
description: |
Identifies protected heritage sites and monuments.
Examples: UNESCO World Heritage, NRHP, NHLE, Rijksmonument
OBJECT:
description: |
Identifies physical objects (artworks, artifacts, specimens).
Examples: Museum object IDs, ACMI, NGC (coins)
UNIVERSAL:
description: |
Applies to any entity type (universal identifier).
Examples: Wikidata Q-IDs, DBpedia URIs
SOCIAL_MEDIA:
description: |
Social media profile or page identifiers.
Examples: Facebook page ID, Twitter handle, Instagram username
DIGITAL_OBJECT:
description: |
Identifies digital objects and persistent identifiers.
Examples: DOI, Handle, ARK, PURL, URN:NBN
INTANGIBLE_HERITAGE:
description: |
Identifies intangible cultural heritage elements.
Examples: UNESCO ICH, UNESCO ICH Good Safeguarding Practices
SUBJECT_TERM:
description: |
Identifies subject terms in controlled vocabularies.
Examples: AAT, FAST, TGN
PRODUCT:
description: |
Identifies products with geographic or quality designations.
Examples: IGP, PDO (Protected Designation of Origin)
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