f7bf1cc5ae
- Deleted obsolete slot definitions: statement_summary, statement_text, statement_type, status_name, supersede_articles, supersede_condition, supersede_name, temporal_dynamics, total_amount, typical_contents, use_cases, was_acquired_through, was_fetched_at, was_retrieved_at. - Updated existing slot definitions for states_or_stated to enhance clarity and structure. - Introduced new classes: Article, ConditionofAccess, FinancialStatementType, MaximumQuantity, Series, Summary, Type, and their respective slots to improve schema organization and usability. - Added new slots: changes_or_changed_through, has_or_had_condition_of_access, has_or_had_heritage_type, is_or_was_part_of_series, is_or_was_retrieved_at, maximum_of_maximum to capture additional metadata and relationships.
540 lines
21 KiB
YAML
540 lines
21 KiB
YAML
id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/ProvenanceEvent
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name: ProvenanceEvent
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title: Provenance Event Class
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prefixes:
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linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/
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hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/
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schema: http://schema.org/
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crm: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
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dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
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skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
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aat: http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/
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prov: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
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imports:
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- linkml:types
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- ../metadata
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- ./TimeSpan
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- ./CustodianPlace
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- ../enums/ProvenanceEventTypeEnum
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- ../slots/has_or_had_identifier
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- ../slots/has_or_had_type
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- ../slots/has_or_had_description
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- ../slots/has_or_had_note
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- ../slots/is_or_was_located_at
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- ./Identifier
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- ../slots/object_ref
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- ../slots/temporal_extent
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- ../slots/price
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- ../slots/price_currency
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- ../slots/has_or_had_provenance
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- ./Provenance
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- ./Description
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- ../slots/is_or_was_conducted_by
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- ./AuctionHouse
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- ../slots/publishes_or_published
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- ./AuctionSaleCatalog
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- ../slots/has_or_had_level
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- ./CertaintyLevel
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- ../slots/has_or_had_type
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- ../slots/is_or_was_associated_with
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- ./ArtDealer
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- ../slots/has_or_had_reference
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- ../slots/has_or_had_url
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- ./Reference
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- ./URL
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- ../slots/has_or_had_note
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- ./Note
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- ../slots/changes_or_changed_ownership_from
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- ../slots/changes_or_changed_ownership_to
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- ../slots/has_or_had_description
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- ../slots/lot_number
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- ../slots/nazi_era_flag
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- ../slots/price_text
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- ../slots/requires_research
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- ../slots/specificity_annotation
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- ../slots/has_or_had_score
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- ./SpecificityAnnotation
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- ./TemplateSpecificityScore
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- ./TemplateSpecificityType
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- ./TemplateSpecificityTypes
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default_prefix: hc
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classes:
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ProvenanceEvent:
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class_uri: crm:E8_Acquisition
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description: "An event representing a change in ownership or custody of a heritage object.\n\nProvenanceEvent models the CHAIN OF OWNERSHIP - who owned the object, when,\nand how ownership transferred between parties.\n\n**Key Distinction**:\n\n| Concept | Class | Description |\n|---------|-------|-------------|\n| **Ownership change** | **ProvenanceEvent** | **Sale, gift, confiscation** |\n| Temporary custody | Loan | Exhibition loan, study loan |\n| Physical condition | ConservationRecord | Condition, treatment |\n\n**Ontology Alignment**:\n\n- **CIDOC-CRM**: crm:E8_Acquisition (primary)\n \"Comprises the actions by which legal ownership of physical objects \n is transferred from one person or institution to another.\"\n- **CIDOC-CRM**: crm:E10_Transfer_of_Custody (for custody without ownership)\n- **PROV-O**: prov:Activity (provenance activity)\n- **Schema.org**: schema:TransferAction\n\n**Provenance Research Standards**:\n\nSupports key provenance research requirements:\n- **Nazi-era\
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\ provenance**: Washington Principles, Terez\xEDn Declaration\n- **Due diligence**: AAMD guidelines, UNESCO 1970 Convention\n- **Restitution research**: Documentation of forced transfers\n\n**Certainty Levels**:\n\nProvenance events can have varying certainty:\n- **CERTAIN**: Documentary evidence confirms transfer\n- **PROBABLE**: Strong circumstantial evidence\n- **POSSIBLE**: Reasonable inference from context\n- **UNCERTAIN**: Speculative or unverified\n\n**Example Provenance Chain**:\n\n```\n1665: CREATION (Vermeer creates painting)\n \u2193\nc.1665-74: COMMISSION/PURCHASE (van Ruijven acquires)\n \u2193\n1696: AUCTION (Dissius sale, Amsterdam)\n \u2193\n1881: PURCHASE (des Tombe buys for 30 guilders)\n \u2193\n1903: BEQUEST (des Tombe bequeaths to Mauritshuis)\n```\n"
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exact_mappings:
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- crm:E8_Acquisition
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close_mappings:
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- crm:E10_Transfer_of_Custody
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- prov:Activity
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- schema:TransferAction
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- aat:300055863
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related_mappings:
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- crm:E7_Activity
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- schema:Action
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slots:
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- is_or_was_conducted_by
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- publishes_or_published
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- is_or_was_associated_with
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- has_or_had_reference
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- has_or_had_url
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- has_or_had_identifier
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- has_or_had_note
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- temporal_extent
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- has_or_had_type
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- has_or_had_note
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- changes_or_changed_ownership_from
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- lot_number
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- nazi_era_flag
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- object_ref
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- price
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- price_currency
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- price_text
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- has_or_had_provenance
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- requires_research
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- specificity_annotation
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- has_or_had_score
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- changes_or_changed_ownership_to
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- has_or_had_description
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- is_or_was_located_at
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slot_usage:
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has_or_had_identifier:
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identifier: true
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required: true
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range: uriorcurie
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description: Unique identifier for this provenance event. MIGRATED from event_id (2026-01-26).
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examples:
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- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-001
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- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/rijksmuseum-sk-c-5-005
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object_ref:
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required: true
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range: uriorcurie
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inlined: false
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examples:
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- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
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has_or_had_type:
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required: true
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range: ProvenanceEventTypeEnum
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description: Type of provenance event (ACQUISITION, TRANSFER, etc.). MIGRATED from event_type (2026-01-26).
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examples:
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- value: BEQUEST
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- value: AUCTION
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- value: CONFISCATION
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temporal_extent:
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required: false
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range: TimeSpan
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inlined: true
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description: Temporal extent of the provenance event. MIGRATED from event_timespan, event_date, event_date_text (2026-01-26).
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examples:
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- value:
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begin_of_the_begin: '1664-01-01'
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end_of_the_end: '1674-12-31'
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has_or_had_label: c. 1665-74
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description: Owned c. 1665-74 (approximately)
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- value:
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begin_of_the_begin: '1696-05-16'
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end_of_the_end: '1696-05-16'
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has_or_had_label: May 16, 1696
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description: Specific date event
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changes_or_changed_ownership_from:
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description: 'Previous owner from whom ownership/title was transferred.
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CIDOC-CRM: P23_transferred_title_from - "identifies the E39 Actor who gave up legal ownership."
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Null for CREATION events.
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'
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required: false
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range: uriorcurie
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inlined: false
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examples:
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- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/person/des-tombe
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changes_or_changed_ownership_to:
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description: 'New owner to whom ownership/title was transferred.
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CIDOC-CRM: P22_transferred_title_to - "identifies the E39 Actor who acquired legal ownership."
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'
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required: false
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range: uriorcurie
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inlined: false
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examples:
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- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian/nl/mauritshuis
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has_or_had_description:
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description: 'Owner (source or destination) described as text when no structured entity exists.
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MIGRATED from to_owner_text and from_owner_text per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53, 2026-01-15).
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Use Description class with description_type to distinguish:
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- "from_owner": Previous owner (source of transfer)
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- "to_owner": New owner (destination of transfer)
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'
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required: false
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multivalued: true
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examples:
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- value:
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description_text: A.A. des Tombe, The Hague (1881-1903)
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description_type: from_owner
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description: Previous owner as text with dates and location
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- value:
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description_text: Pieter van Ruijven, Delft (c. 1665-1674)
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description_type: from_owner
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description: Historical owner with approximate dates
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- value:
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description_text: Unknown German collector
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description_type: from_owner
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description: Anonymous previous owner
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- value:
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description_text: Mauritshuis, The Hague
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description_type: to_owner
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description: Transfer destination as text (when structured entity not available)
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- value:
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description_text: Maria de Knuijt, widow of van Ruijven
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description_type: to_owner
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description: Historical owner as text
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is_or_was_located_at:
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description: 'Location where the provenance event (ownership/custody transfer) occurred.
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Replaces bespoke transfer_location, transfer_location_text, event_location slots.
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'
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required: false
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range: CustodianPlace
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multivalued: true
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inlined: true
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examples:
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- value:
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place_name: Amsterdam
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country: NL
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description: Event at auction in Amsterdam
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- value:
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place_name: Dissius sale, Amsterdam
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description: Specific sale event location
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- value:
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place_name: Christie's, London
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country: GB
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description: Auction house location
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price:
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required: false
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range: decimal
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examples:
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- value: 30
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description: 30 guilders (1881 purchase)
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- value: 30000000
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description: Modern equivalent estimate
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price_currency:
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required: false
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range: string
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examples:
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- value: NLG
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description: Dutch guilders
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- value: EUR
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- value: USD
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- value: RM
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description: Reichsmarks (Nazi era)
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price_text:
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required: false
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range: string
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examples:
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- value: 30 guilders
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- value: Purchased for 2 stuivers 10 guilders
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- value: Forced sale for nominal sum
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lot_number:
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required: false
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range: string
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examples:
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- value: '36'
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- value: Lot 127A
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is_or_was_associated_with:
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description: 'Art dealer(s) involved in this provenance event (for DEALER_SALE events).
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Range narrowed to ArtDealer for dealer-specific provenance.
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'
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required: false
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range: ArtDealer
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inlined: true
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multivalued: true
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examples:
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- value:
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has_or_had_name:
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has_or_had_label: Paul Cassirer
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description: German art dealer
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- value:
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has_or_had_name:
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has_or_had_label: Goupil & Cie
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description: French art dealing firm
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has_or_had_reference:
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description: 'Bibliographic or archival reference documenting this event.
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MIGRATED from documentation per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53, 2026-01-26).
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'
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required: false
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range: Reference
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inlined: true
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multivalued: true
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examples:
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- value:
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has_or_had_label: Dissius sale catalogue, Amsterdam, May 16, 1696, lot 36
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description: Sale catalogue reference
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- value:
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has_or_had_label: Hofstede de Groot, vol. 1, no. 44
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description: "Catalogue raisonn\xE9 reference"
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has_or_had_url:
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description: 'URL to online documentation or provenance record.
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MIGRATED from documentation_url per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53, 2026-01-26).
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'
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required: false
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range: URL
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inlined: true
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multivalued: true
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examples:
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- value:
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url_value: https://rkd.nl/explore/provenance/12345
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url_type: provenance_record
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description: RKD provenance record
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- value:
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url_value: https://www.getty.edu/research/provenance/sales
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url_type: sales_database
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description: Getty Sales Catalogues
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has_or_had_level:
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description: 'Certainty/confidence level for this provenance event.
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MIGRATED from certainty_level + certainty_note per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53/56, 2026-01-18).
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Uses CertaintyLevel class with level_value and has_or_had_note.
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'
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required: false
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range: CertaintyLevel
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inlined: true
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examples:
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- value:
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level_value: CERTAIN
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has_or_had_note:
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- note_type: certainty
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note_content: Confirmed by sale catalogue and receipt
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description: Certain with documentary evidence
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- value:
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level_value: PROBABLE
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has_or_had_note:
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- note_type: certainty
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note_content: Inferred from stylistic analysis and collection history
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description: Probable based on circumstantial evidence
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- value:
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level_value: UNCERTAIN
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has_or_had_note:
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- note_type: certainty
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note_content: Provenance gap 1933-1945 requires further research
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description: Uncertain requiring further research
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has_or_had_provenance:
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description: 'Provenance information for this event in Getty Provenance Index format.
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MIGRATED from provenance_text per slot_fixes.yaml (Rule 53/56, 2026-01-18).
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Uses Provenance class with has_or_had_description for text content.
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Use description_type: "provenance_text" to indicate Getty format.
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'
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required: false
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range: Provenance
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inlined: true
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examples:
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- value:
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has_or_had_description:
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- description_text: A.A. des Tombe, The Hague (purchased 1881, d. 1903)
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description_type: provenance_text
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description: Getty Provenance Index format entry
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- value:
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has_or_had_description:
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- description_text: Dissius sale, Amsterdam, May 16, 1696, lot 36
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description_type: provenance_text
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description: Auction sale provenance entry
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has_or_had_note:
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required: false
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range: string
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multivalued: true
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description: Notes about the provenance event, including bibliographic footnotes. MIGRATED from event_note and footnote (2026-01-26).
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examples:
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- value: des Tombe purchased at auction for 30 guilders, a bargain price
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- value: The painting's attribution to Vermeer was not recognized until later
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- value: '[1] Montias 1989, p. 256, doc. 437'
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- value: '[2] The painting was catalogued as ''A Tronij painted in Turkish fashion'''
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comments:
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- ProvenanceEvent models ownership transfers in an object's history
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- Links to ExhibitedObject via object_ref relationship
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- Uses ProvenanceEventTypeEnum for event classification
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- Uses CIDOC-CRM E8_Acquisition as primary ontology mapping
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- Supports Nazi-era provenance research with nazi_era_flag
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- Certainty levels allow scholarly documentation of evidence quality
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see_also:
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- https://cidoc-crm.org/html/cidoc_crm_v7.1.3.html#E8
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- https://www.aamd.org/object-registry
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- https://www.lootedart.com/
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- https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/provenance/
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examples:
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- value:
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has_or_had_identifier: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-001
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object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
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has_or_had_type: CREATION
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temporal_extent:
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begin_of_the_begin: '1664-01-01'
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end_of_the_end: '1667-12-31'
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has_or_had_label: c. 1665
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has_or_had_description:
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- description_text: Johannes Vermeer, Delft
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description_type: to_owner
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is_or_was_located_at:
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- place_name: Delft
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country: NL
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has_or_had_level:
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level_value: CERTAIN
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has_or_had_provenance:
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has_or_had_description:
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- description_text: Created by Johannes Vermeer, Delft, c. 1665
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description_type: provenance_text
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description: Creation of Girl with a Pearl Earring
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- value:
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has_or_had_identifier: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-002
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object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
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has_or_had_type: PURCHASE
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temporal_extent:
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begin_of_the_begin: '1665-01-01'
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end_of_the_end: '1674-12-31'
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has_or_had_label: c. 1665-1674
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has_or_had_description:
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- description_text: Johannes Vermeer
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description_type: from_owner
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- description_text: Pieter van Ruijven, Delft (c. 1665-1674)
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description_type: to_owner
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has_or_had_level:
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level_value: PROBABLE
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has_or_had_note:
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- note_type: certainty
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note_content: Van Ruijven was Vermeer's patron; likely acquired directly from artist
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has_or_had_reference:
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- has_or_had_label: Montias, Vermeer and His Milieu (1989), pp. 247-252
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has_or_had_provenance:
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has_or_had_description:
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- description_text: Possibly Pieter van Ruijven, Delft (c. 1665-1674)
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description_type: provenance_text
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description: Possible purchase by van Ruijven
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- value:
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has_or_had_identifier: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-005
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object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
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has_or_had_type: AUCTION
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temporal_extent:
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begin_of_the_begin: '1696-05-16'
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end_of_the_end: '1696-05-16'
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has_or_had_label: May 16, 1696
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has_or_had_description:
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- description_text: Estate of Jacob Dissius
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description_type: from_owner
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- description_text: Unknown buyer
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description_type: to_owner
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is_or_was_located_at:
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- place_name: Amsterdam
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country: NL
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publishes_or_published:
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- has_or_had_name: Dissius sale
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lot_number: '36'
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price_text: Unknown
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has_or_had_level:
|
|
level_value: CERTAIN
|
|
has_or_had_reference:
|
|
- has_or_had_label: Dissius sale catalogue, Amsterdam, May 16, 1696, lot 36
|
|
has_or_had_note:
|
|
- Catalogued as 'Een Tronij in Antique Klederen, ongemeen konstig' (A Tronie in Antique Dress, uncommonly artful)
|
|
has_or_had_provenance:
|
|
has_or_had_description:
|
|
- description_text: Dissius sale, Amsterdam, May 16, 1696, lot 36
|
|
description_type: provenance_text
|
|
description: 1696 Dissius auction sale
|
|
- value:
|
|
has_or_had_identifier: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-008
|
|
object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
|
|
has_or_had_type: PURCHASE
|
|
temporal_extent:
|
|
begin_of_the_begin: '1881-01-01'
|
|
end_of_the_end: '1881-12-31'
|
|
has_or_had_label: '1881'
|
|
has_or_had_description:
|
|
- description_text: Unknown seller
|
|
description_type: from_owner
|
|
- description_text: A.A. des Tombe, The Hague
|
|
description_type: to_owner
|
|
price: 30
|
|
price_currency: NLG
|
|
price_text: 30 guilders
|
|
has_or_had_level:
|
|
level_value: CERTAIN
|
|
has_or_had_provenance:
|
|
has_or_had_description:
|
|
- description_text: A.A. des Tombe, The Hague (purchased 1881 for 30 guilders)
|
|
description_type: provenance_text
|
|
has_or_had_note:
|
|
- Des Tombe purchased at auction for a bargain price
|
|
- Painting was in poor condition and not yet attributed to Vermeer
|
|
description: 1881 purchase by des Tombe
|
|
- value:
|
|
has_or_had_identifier: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-009
|
|
object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
|
|
has_or_had_type: BEQUEST
|
|
temporal_extent:
|
|
begin_of_the_begin: '1903-01-01'
|
|
end_of_the_end: '1903-12-31'
|
|
has_or_had_label: '1903'
|
|
has_or_had_description:
|
|
- description_text: A.A. des Tombe (d. 1903)
|
|
description_type: from_owner
|
|
- description_text: Mauritshuis, The Hague
|
|
description_type: to_owner
|
|
changes_or_changed_ownership_to: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian/nl/mauritshuis
|
|
has_or_had_level:
|
|
level_value: CERTAIN
|
|
has_or_had_reference:
|
|
- has_or_had_label: Will of A.A. des Tombe
|
|
- has_or_had_label: Mauritshuis accession records
|
|
has_or_had_provenance:
|
|
has_or_had_description:
|
|
- description_text: Bequeathed to Mauritshuis, 1903
|
|
description_type: provenance_text
|
|
description: 1903 bequest to Mauritshuis
|
|
- value:
|
|
has_or_had_identifier: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/example-nazi-confiscation
|
|
object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/example-painting
|
|
has_or_had_type: CONFISCATION
|
|
temporal_extent:
|
|
begin_of_the_begin: '1938-01-01'
|
|
end_of_the_end: '1938-12-31'
|
|
has_or_had_label: '1938'
|
|
has_or_had_description:
|
|
- description_text: Jewish collector, Vienna
|
|
description_type: from_owner
|
|
- description_text: Nazi authorities
|
|
description_type: to_owner
|
|
nazi_era_flag: true
|
|
requires_research: true
|
|
has_or_had_level:
|
|
level_value: PROBABLE
|
|
has_or_had_note:
|
|
- note_type: certainty
|
|
note_content: Documentation incomplete; collector fled Vienna 1938
|
|
has_or_had_note:
|
|
- Provenance gap requires further research
|
|
- Listed on Art Loss Register
|
|
description: Example Nazi-era confiscation (illustrative)
|
|
annotations:
|
|
specificity_score: 0.1
|
|
specificity_rationale: Generic utility class/slot created during migration
|
|
custodian_types: "['*']"
|
|
custodian_types_rationale: Universal utility concept
|