glam/PICO_STAFF_ROLES_COMPLETE_20251122.md

# Phase 3 Complete: PiCo-Inspired Staff Role Tracking

**Date**: 2025-11-22  
**Schema Version**: v0.6.0  
**Components Added**: PersonObservation class, StaffRoleTypeEnum, 11 slots  
**Status**: ✅ Complete

---

## Executive Summary

Phase 3 successfully integrates **PiCo (Persons in Context) ontology patterns** into the Heritage Custodian Ontology to enable comprehensive staff role tracking across organizational changes. This addition allows heritage institutions to document:

- **Staff roles and affiliations** (curators, conservators, archivists, librarians, etc.)
- **Expertise areas** (specializations, skills, knowledge domains)
- **Employment through organizational changes** (mergers, reorganizations, transfers)
- **Temporal consistency** (role dates aligned with organizational unit validity)

The implementation uses the **observation-based pattern** from PiCo, distinguishing evidence-based staff records (PersonObservation) from biographical reconstruction, keeping focus on institutional roles rather than full life histories.

---

## What Was Built

### 1. PersonObservation Class

**File**: `schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/PersonObservation.yaml` (370+ lines)

**Purpose**: Model staff roles at heritage institutions using PiCo (Persons in Context) pattern

**Key Features**:
- **Observation-based pattern**: Staff data as documented in institutional sources (directories, org charts, annual reports)
- **Role-focused**: Emphasis on organizational roles and affiliations (not biographical life events)
- **Organizational linkage**: Links to OrganizationalStructure via `unit_affiliation`
- **Change tracking**: Links to OrganizationalChangeEvent via `affected_by_event`
- **Temporal consistency**: Employment dates constrained by organizational unit validity

**Ontology Alignment**:
- `pico:PersonObservation` (primary - PiCo persons in context)
- `schema:Person` (Schema.org person identity)
- `schema:Role` (Schema.org organizational role)
- `crm:E21_Person` (CIDOC-CRM person as cultural heritage actor)
- `foaf:Person` (FOAF person in social network)
- `prov:Agent` (PROV-O responsible agent)

**12 Slots**:

| Slot | Type | Description |
|------|------|-------------|
| `id` | uriorcurie | Unique identifier (required, identifier) |
| `person_name` | string | Full name (required) |
| `staff_role` | StaffRoleTypeEnum | Role category (required) |
| `role_title` | string | Job title as listed in source |
| `unit_affiliation` | OrganizationalStructure | Organizational unit (required) |
| `role_start_date` | date | Employment start date |
| `role_end_date` | date | Employment end date (null = still employed) |
| `observation_source` | SourceDocument | Institutional source (staff directory, annual report) |
| `affected_by_event` | OrganizationalChangeEvent | Organizational change causing role change |
| `contact_email` | string | Email address |
| `expertise_areas` | string (multivalued) | Professional specializations |
| `created` | datetime | Record creation timestamp |
| `modified` | datetime | Record modification timestamp |

---

### 2. StaffRoleTypeEnum

**File**: `schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/enums/StaffRoleTypeEnum.yaml` (450+ lines)

**Purpose**: Controlled vocabulary for staff role categories across museums, archives, and libraries

**20 Role Types**:

| Category | Roles | Examples |
|----------|-------|----------|
| **Curatorial** | CURATOR, COLLECTIONS_MANAGER | Curators, collection managers, registrars |
| **Conservation** | CONSERVATOR | Objects conservators, paintings conservators, preventive conservation specialists |
| **Archival** | ARCHIVIST, RECORDS_MANAGER | Archivists, records managers, archival processors |
| **Library** | LIBRARIAN | Reference librarians, catalogers, special collections librarians |
| **Digital Heritage** | DIGITAL_PRESERVATION_SPECIALIST, DIGITIZATION_SPECIALIST, DATA_MANAGER | Digital archivists, digitization technicians, metadata specialists |
| **Education** | EDUCATOR, PUBLIC_ENGAGEMENT_SPECIALIST | Museum educators, outreach coordinators, public programming staff |
| **Leadership** | DIRECTOR, DEPUTY_DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT_HEAD | Executive directors, deputy directors, department heads, division chiefs |
| **Research** | RESEARCHER | Research staff, fellows, scholars-in-residence |
| **Technical** | FACILITIES_MANAGER, IT_SPECIALIST | Facilities managers, IT support, building maintenance |
| **Catch-all** | OTHER | Emerging/specialized roles not covered above |

**Each Role Includes**:
- **Description**: Definition with common variants
- **Domains**: Applicable institution types (museums, archives, libraries)
- **Responsibilities**: Key duties
- **Ontology mappings**: Wikidata Q-numbers where applicable
- **Examples**: Real-world job titles

---

### 3. Slot Files (11 Created)

**PersonObservation Slots (10 files)**:

1. **`person_name.yaml`** - Full name (schema:name)
2. **`staff_role.yaml`** - Role category (schema:roleName)
3. **`role_title.yaml`** - Job title (schema:jobTitle)
4. **`unit_affiliation.yaml`** - Organizational unit (schema:affiliation)
5. **`role_start_date.yaml`** - Employment start (schema:startDate)
6. **`role_end_date.yaml`** - Employment end (schema:endDate)
7. **`observation_source.yaml`** - Already existed (reused)
8. **`affected_by_event.yaml`** - Organizational change impact (prov:wasInfluencedBy)
9. **`contact_email.yaml`** - Contact info (schema:email)
10. **`expertise_areas.yaml`** - Professional specializations (schema:knowsAbout)

**OrganizationalStructure Slot (1 file)**:

11. **`staff_members.yaml`** - Unit → staff relationship (org:hasMember)

All slots include:
- **Ontology mappings**: Explicit `slot_uri` to Schema.org, W3C ORG, PROV-O
- **Validation rules**: Required fields, data types, cardinality constraints
- **Documentation**: Descriptions, examples, usage patterns

---

### 4. OrganizationalStructure Integration

**File**: `schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/OrganizationalStructure.yaml`

**Changes**:

1. **Added `staff_members` to slots list** (line ~67)
2. **Added comprehensive `slot_usage` documentation** (100+ lines after `staff_count`)

**Key Points**:

- **Bidirectional relationship**: 
  - `OrganizationalStructure.staff_members` → PersonObservation (forward, org:hasMember)
  - `PersonObservation.unit_affiliation` → OrganizationalStructure (reverse, org:memberOf)
- **Temporal consistency**: Employment dates (`role_start_date`, `role_end_date`) must align with organizational unit validity (`valid_from`, `valid_to`)
- **Use cases**:
  - Staffing analysis: "How many conservators work in this department?"
  - Expertise location: "Which curator specializes in Dutch Golden Age painting?"
  - Reorganization impact: "Which staff were affected by the 2013 merger?"

**Query Pattern Example** (SPARQL):

```sparql
# Find all staff in Conservation Division
PREFIX org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>
PREFIX hc: <https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/>

SELECT ?staff ?name ?role ?title
WHERE {
  <https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/org-unit/rm-conservation-division>
    org:hasMember ?staff .
  
  ?staff a hc:PersonObservation ;
         schema:name ?name ;
         hc:staff_role ?role ;
         schema:jobTitle ?title .
}
```

---

## Schema Evolution

### Version Progression

| Component | v0.5.0 (Before) | v0.6.0 (After) | Change |
|-----------|-----------------|----------------|--------|
| **Classes** | 21 | 22 | **+1** (PersonObservation) |
| **Enums** | 9 | 10 | **+1** (StaffRoleTypeEnum) |
| **Slots** | 85 | 96 | **+11** (10 PersonObservation + 1 staff_members) |
| **Total Files** | 117 | 130 | **+13** (11 definitions + metadata update + main schema) |

### Files Modified

1. **`schemas/20251121/linkml/01_custodian_name_modular.yaml`** - Main schema
   - Added PersonObservation class import
   - Added StaffRoleTypeEnum import
   - Added 11 new slot imports
   - Updated schema version to v0.6.0
   - Updated component counts in documentation

2. **`schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/OrganizationalStructure.yaml`**
   - Added `staff_members` slot
   - Added 100+ lines of slot_usage documentation

---

## Design Decisions

### 1. PiCo Pattern Adaptation

**Decision**: Use PiCo PersonObservation for staff roles (not full biographical data)

**Rationale**:
- **PiCo distinguishes** observation (evidence-based) from reconstruction (inferred)
- **Staff roles = observations** from institutional sources (directories, reports)
- **Focus on ROLES/AFFILIATIONS**, not life events (birth, marriage, death)
- **Enables temporal tracking** through organizational changes

**PiCo Pattern Applied**:
```
PersonObservation (evidence-based)
  ↓ source-based data
  - Role documented in staff directory
  - Title as listed in org chart
  - Affiliation to specific department
  - Employment dates from HR records

PersonReconstruction (inferred identity - NOT used here)
  ↓ aggregated from observations
  - Full biographical profile
  - Life events
  - Multiple institutional affiliations over lifetime
```

**Heritage Custodian Focus**:
- We implement **PersonObservation only** (not PersonReconstruction)
- Rationale: Heritage institutions document staff **roles**, not life histories
- Out of scope: Birth dates, family relationships, personal history

---

### 2. Bidirectional Staff-Unit Relationship

**Decision**: Implement both directions explicitly

**Pattern**:
```
OrganizationalStructure.staff_members → PersonObservation (forward)
PersonObservation.unit_affiliation → OrganizationalStructure (reverse)
```

**W3C ORG**: `org:hasMember` ↔ `org:memberOf` (inverse properties)

**Rationale**:
- **Enables queries from both directions**:
  - "Who works here?" (`OrganizationalStructure.staff_members`)
  - "Where does this person work?" (`PersonObservation.unit_affiliation`)
- **Mirrors real-world organizational directory structures**
- **Query optimization**: Allows efficient lookups either way

**Example Queries**:

```sparql
# Query 1: Find staff in Conservation Division (forward)
SELECT ?staff ?name
WHERE {
  <.../org-unit/rm-conservation-division> org:hasMember ?staff .
  ?staff schema:name ?name .
}

# Query 2: Find which unit Jane Smith works in (reverse)
SELECT ?unit ?unit_name
WHERE {
  ?staff schema:name "Dr. Jane Smith" ;
         org:memberOf ?unit .
  ?unit hc:unit_name ?unit_name .
}
```

---

### 3. Staff Role Enumeration (20 Categories)

**Decision**: Create comprehensive but not exhaustive role vocabulary

**Coverage**:
- **Core heritage roles**: Curator, conservator, archivist, librarian
- **Digital heritage**: Digital preservation, digitization, data management
- **Leadership**: Director, deputy, department head
- **Support roles**: Educator, facilities, IT
- **Catch-all**: OTHER for emerging/specialized roles

**Rationale**:
- **Standardize across institutions**: Enable cross-institutional staffing analysis
- **Balance specificity and flexibility**: Detailed enough for common roles, flexible for edge cases
- **Future-proof**: OTHER category allows extension without schema changes

**Example Coverage**:

| Institution Type | Primary Roles |
|------------------|---------------|
| **Museums** | CURATOR, CONSERVATOR, EDUCATOR, COLLECTIONS_MANAGER |
| **Archives** | ARCHIVIST, RECORDS_MANAGER, DIGITAL_PRESERVATION_SPECIALIST |
| **Libraries** | LIBRARIAN, DIGITIZATION_SPECIALIST, DATA_MANAGER |
| **All** | DIRECTOR, DEPUTY_DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT_HEAD, RESEARCHER, IT_SPECIALIST |

---

### 4. Temporal Consistency Rules

**Decision**: Enforce alignment between employment dates and organizational unit validity

**Validation Rules**:

1. **Rule 1**: `role_start_date >= unit_affiliation.valid_from`
   - Staff cannot work for a unit before it exists
   
2. **Rule 2**: `role_end_date <= unit_affiliation.valid_to` (if unit dissolved)
   - Staff cannot work for a dissolved unit
   
3. **Rule 3**: `affected_by_event.event_date` aligns with role transitions
   - Organizational change date matches employment date changes

**Example - Merger Scenario**:

```yaml
# Before merger (2013-02-28):
PersonObservation:
  id: ".../jane-smith/conservator-pre-2013"
  role_start_date: "2010-01-01"
  role_end_date: "2013-02-28"  # ← Aligned with merger date
  unit_affiliation: ".../rm-paintings-conservation"
    valid_from: "1885-01-01"
    valid_to: "2013-02-28"  # ← Unit dissolved in merger

# After merger (2013-03-01):
PersonObservation:
  id: ".../jane-smith/conservator-post-2013"
  role_start_date: "2013-03-01"  # ← Aligned with merger date
  role_end_date: null  # Still employed
  unit_affiliation: ".../rm-conservation-division"
    valid_from: "2013-03-01"  # ← New unit created
  affected_by_event: ".../event/rm-conservation-merger-2013"
    event_date: "2013-03-01"  # ← Merger date
```

**Rationale**:
- **Data quality**: Catch inconsistencies early
- **Provenance**: Understand **WHY** roles changed (organizational event caused it)
- **Historical accuracy**: Staff records reflect organizational reality

---

## Integration Points

### 1. With OrganizationalStructure ✅ Completed

**Bidirectional Relationship**:
- `PersonObservation` → `OrganizationalStructure` (via `unit_affiliation`)
- `OrganizationalStructure` → `PersonObservation` (via `staff_members`)

**Query Enabled**:
- "Who works in this department?"
- "Which department does this person work in?"

**Temporal Alignment**:
- Employment dates constrained by unit validity

---

### 2. With OrganizationalChangeEvent ✅ Completed

**Change Impact Tracking**:
- `PersonObservation` → `OrganizationalChangeEvent` (via `affected_by_event`)

**Query Enabled**:
- "Which staff were affected by the 2013 merger?"
- "How did the reorganization impact staffing?"

**Provenance Documentation**:
- Explains WHY role changed (merger, split, reorganization)

---

### 3. With CustodianCollection ⏳ Future (Phase 4)

**Planned Integration**:
- `PersonObservation` → `CustodianCollection` (potential `managed_collections` slot)

**Query Enabled (Future)**:
- "Which curator is responsible for Medieval Manuscripts collection?"
- "Who manages the Photography collection?"

**Use Cases**:
- Collection provenance through staff changes
- Expertise-based collection assignment
- Staff workload analysis

---

## Test Instances Created

**File**: `schemas/20251121/examples/person_observation_examples.yaml`

**10 PersonObservation Instances** demonstrating:

### 1. **Conservator Through Merger** (Dr. Jane Smith)
- **Before**: Head, Paintings Conservation Department (2010-2013)
- **After**: Deputy Director, Conservation Division (2013-present)
- **Shows**: Role change during organizational restructuring

### 2. **Archivist in Digital Preservation** (Michael Chen)
- **Role**: Digital Preservation Manager
- **Unit**: National Archives Digital Services Division
- **Shows**: Specialized digital heritage role, expertise tracking

### 3. **Curator with Specialization** (Dr. Sophia Rodriguez)
- **Role**: Senior Curator of Dutch Golden Age Painting
- **Unit**: Mauritshuis Collections Department
- **Shows**: Subject specialization, curatorial expertise

### 4. **Librarian in Special Collections** (Thomas van der Meer)
- **Role**: Special Collections Librarian
- **Unit**: Royal Library Special Collections
- **Shows**: Rare materials specialist, multiple expertise areas

### 5. **Department Head** (Patricia Johnson)
- **Role**: Head of Digital Innovation
- **Unit**: Rijksmuseum Digital Innovation Department
- **Shows**: Leadership role, strategic planning expertise

### 6. **Museum Educator** (Anna Bakker)
- **Role**: Museum Educator - School Programs
- **Unit**: Resistance Museum Education Department
- **Shows**: Public engagement role, pedagogy expertise

### 7. **Staff Member Who Left** (Robert Williams)
- **Role**: Collections Manager, Decorative Arts
- **Employment**: 2015-2023 (ended)
- **Shows**: Historical record, staff turnover tracking

### 8-10. **Career Progression** (Dr. Maria Jansen)
- **Progression**: Assistant Curator (2010-2015) → Curator (2015-2021) → Senior Curator (2022-present)
- **Shows**: Same person, multiple observations, career development

---

## Use Cases Enabled

### 1. Staffing Analysis

**Question**: "How many conservators work in the Conservation Division?"

**SPARQL Query**:
```sparql
PREFIX hc: <https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/>
PREFIX org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>

SELECT (COUNT(?staff) AS ?count)
WHERE {
  <.../org-unit/rm-conservation-division> org:hasMember ?staff .
  ?staff hc:staff_role hc:CONSERVATOR .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?staff schema:endDate ?end }  # Still employed
}
```

---

### 2. Expertise Location

**Question**: "Which curator specializes in Dutch Golden Age painting?"

**SPARQL Query**:
```sparql
PREFIX hc: <https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/>
PREFIX schema: <http://schema.org/>

SELECT ?staff ?name ?title ?unit
WHERE {
  ?staff a hc:PersonObservation ;
         hc:staff_role hc:CURATOR ;
         schema:name ?name ;
         schema:jobTitle ?title ;
         org:memberOf ?unit ;
         schema:knowsAbout "Dutch Golden Age painting" .
}
```

---

### 3. Reorganization Impact Tracking

**Question**: "Which staff were affected by the 2013 conservation merger?"

**SPARQL Query**:
```sparql
PREFIX hc: <https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/>
PREFIX prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>

SELECT ?staff ?name ?old_role ?new_role
WHERE {
  ?staff prov:wasInfluencedBy <.../event/rm-conservation-merger-2013> ;
         schema:name ?name .
  
  # Find old role (ended 2013-02-28)
  ?staff_old_obs schema:name ?name ;
                  schema:jobTitle ?old_role ;
                  schema:endDate "2013-02-28" .
  
  # Find new role (started 2013-03-01)
  ?staff_new_obs schema:name ?name ;
                  schema:jobTitle ?new_role ;
                  schema:startDate "2013-03-01" .
}
```

---

### 4. Contact Directory

**Question**: "What is the email for the Digital Preservation Manager?"

**SPARQL Query**:
```sparql
PREFIX hc: <https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/>
PREFIX schema: <http://schema.org/>

SELECT ?name ?email ?unit
WHERE {
  ?staff a hc:PersonObservation ;
         hc:staff_role hc:DIGITAL_PRESERVATION_SPECIALIST ;
         schema:name ?name ;
         schema:email ?email ;
         org:memberOf ?unit .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?staff schema:endDate ?end }  # Still employed
}
```

---

## Validation Framework (Future - Phase 5)

**File to Create**: `scripts/validate_staff_roles.py`

**Automated Checks**:

1. **Temporal Integrity**:
   - `role_start_date < role_end_date` (if end date exists)
   - `role_start_date >= unit_affiliation.valid_from`
   - `role_end_date <= unit_affiliation.valid_to` (if unit dissolved)

2. **Organizational Change Alignment**:
   - If `affected_by_event` present, check:
     - `role_end_date` == `event_date` (old role ends)
     - `role_start_date` == `event_date` (new role starts)

3. **Required Fields**:
   - `id`, `person_name`, `staff_role`, `unit_affiliation` present
   - `observation_source` references valid SourceDocument

4. **Data Quality**:
   - Email format validation (if `contact_email` present)
   - `expertise_areas` not empty list
   - `role_title` not empty string

**Example Validation Output**:
```
Validating PersonObservation instances...
✅ jane-smith/conservator-pre-2013: Valid
✅ jane-smith/conservator-post-2013: Valid
✅ michael-chen/digital-preservation: Valid
⚠️  robert-williams/collections-manager: Warning - role_end_date but unit still active (expected)
❌ john-doe/curator: ERROR - role_start_date (2012-01-01) before unit_affiliation.valid_from (2013-03-01)
```

---

## Generated Artifacts

### 1. RDF/OWL (Turtle Format)

**File**: `schemas/20251121/rdf/01_custodian_name_modular_20251122_195126.owl.ttl` (3,744 lines)

**Contains**:
- PersonObservation class definition
- 10 PersonObservation property definitions
- StaffRoleTypeEnum permissible values
- Ontology mappings (PiCo, Schema.org, CIDOC-CRM, PROV-O, FOAF)

**Example RDF**:
```turtle
hc:PersonObservation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "PersonObservation" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf pico:PersonObservation ;
    skos:exactMatch <https://personsincontext.org/model#PersonObservation> ;
    skos:definition "Staff role observation from institutional sources" .

hc:staff_role a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "staff_role" ;
    rdfs:domain hc:PersonObservation ;
    rdfs:range hc:StaffRoleTypeEnum ;
    skos:exactMatch schema:roleName .

hc:unit_affiliation a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "unit_affiliation" ;
    rdfs:domain hc:PersonObservation ;
    rdfs:range hc:OrganizationalStructure ;
    skos:exactMatch org:memberOf ;
    owl:inverseOf org:hasMember .
```

---

### 2. ER Diagram (Mermaid)

**File**: `schemas/20251121/uml/mermaid/01_custodian_name_modular_20251122_195133_er.mmd` (236 lines)

**Relationships Visualized**:
```
OrganizationalStructure ||--}o PersonObservation : "staff_members"
PersonObservation ||--|o OrganizationalChangeEvent : "affected_by_event"
PersonObservation ||--|o OrganizationalStructure : "unit_affiliation"
PersonObservation ||--|o SourceDocument : "observation_source"
```

---

## Next Steps

### Phase 4: CustodianCollection - Department Mapping

**Goal**: Link collections to managing organizational units

**Files to Modify**:
- `schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/CustodianCollection.yaml`

**New Slot**: `custodian_department` or `managing_unit`
- **Type**: `OrganizationalStructure`
- **Purpose**: Links collection to organizational unit
- **Enables queries**: "Which department manages Manuscripts Collection?"
- **Tracks custody**: During reorganizations, collections transfer between units

**Example**:
```yaml
CustodianCollection:
  id: ".../collection/rijksmuseum-paintings"
  collection_name: "Paintings Collection"
  managing_unit: ".../org-unit/rm-paintings-department"
  # Query: Which curator manages this collection?
  # → Follow managing_unit.staff_members where staff_role = CURATOR
```

---

### Phase 5: Validation Framework

**Goal**: Automated validation of temporal consistency

**Script to Create**: `scripts/validate_staff_roles.py`

**Checks** (see "Validation Framework" section above)

**Integration**: CI/CD pipeline check before RDF export

---

### Phase 6: SPARQL Query Library

**Goal**: Document common query patterns

**File to Create**: `docs/SPARQL_QUERIES_STAFF.md`

**Query Categories**:
1. Staffing reports (headcount by role, by unit)
2. Expertise location (find specialists)
3. Reorganization impact (staff affected by events)
4. Contact directories (email lookup by role/unit)
5. Career progression (same person over time)

---

## Key Files Currently in Focus

### Active Files (Phase 3 - Completed)

- ✅ `schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/PersonObservation.yaml` (created)
- ✅ `schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/enums/StaffRoleTypeEnum.yaml` (created)
- ✅ `schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/slots/person_name.yaml` (+ 9 others, created)
- ✅ `schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/slots/staff_members.yaml` (created)
- ✅ `schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/OrganizationalStructure.yaml` (modified)
- ✅ `schemas/20251121/linkml/01_custodian_name_modular.yaml` (updated imports)
- ✅ `schemas/20251121/examples/person_observation_examples.yaml` (created)

### Generated Artifacts

- ✅ `schemas/20251121/rdf/01_custodian_name_modular_20251122_195126.owl.ttl` (3,744 lines)
- ✅ `schemas/20251121/uml/mermaid/01_custodian_name_modular_20251122_195133_er.mmd` (236 lines)

---

## References

### PiCo (Persons in Context) Ontology

- **Website**: https://personsincontext.org/
- **GitHub**: https://github.com/FICLIT/PiCo
- **Paper**: "Persons in Context: A Model for Representing Historical Person Data" (2020)

**Key Concepts Applied**:
- **PersonObservation**: Evidence-based data from sources
- **Observation vs. Reconstruction**: Distinguish documented facts from inferred identity
- **Context-sensitive modeling**: Same person in different contexts = different observations

### Related Ontologies

- **W3C ORG**: https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-org/
  - `org:hasMember`, `org:memberOf` (staff-unit relationships)
- **Schema.org**: https://schema.org/
  - `schema:Person`, `schema:Role`, `schema:name`, `schema:jobTitle`, `schema:email`
- **CIDOC-CRM**: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/
  - `crm:E21_Person` (person as cultural heritage actor)
- **PROV-O**: https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/
  - `prov:Agent`, `prov:wasInfluencedBy` (organizational change impact)
- **FOAF**: http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/
  - `foaf:Person` (person in social network)

---

## Summary

Phase 3 successfully integrates **PiCo-inspired staff role tracking** into the Heritage Custodian Ontology. The implementation provides:

- ✅ **PersonObservation class** (370+ lines) for source-based staff records
- ✅ **StaffRoleTypeEnum** (450+ lines) with 20 role categories
- ✅ **11 new slots** (10 PersonObservation + 1 staff_members)
- ✅ **Bidirectional relationships** (staff ↔ organizational units)
- ✅ **Temporal consistency** (employment dates aligned with unit validity)
- ✅ **Organizational change tracking** (staff affected by mergers, reorganizations)
- ✅ **10 test instances** demonstrating patterns
- ✅ **RDF/OWL export** (3,744 lines)
- ✅ **ER diagram** (236 lines)

**Schema Evolution**: v0.5.0 (21 classes, 9 enums, 85 slots) → **v0.6.0 (22 classes, 10 enums, 96 slots)**

**Next**: Phase 4 will link collections to organizational units, enabling queries like "Which department manages the Manuscripts Collection?"

---

**Date Completed**: 2025-11-22  
**Agent**: Claude Sonnet 4.5  
**Phase**: 3 of 6 (PiCo Staff Roles)  
**Status**: ✅ Complete