glam/GEOGRAPHIC_RESTRICTION_SESSION_COMPLETE.md

Geographic Restriction Implementation - Session Complete

Date: 2025-11-22
Status: ✅ Phase 1 Complete - Geographic infrastructure created, Wikidata geography extracted

---

🎯 What We Accomplished

1. Created Geographic Infrastructure Classes ✅

Created three new LinkML classes for geographic modeling:

Country.yaml ✅ (Already existed)

• Location: schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/Country.yaml
• Purpose: ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 and alpha-3 country codes
• Status: Complete, already linked to CustodianPlace.country and LegalForm.country_code
• Examples: NL/NLD (Netherlands), US/USA (United States), JP/JPN (Japan)

Subregion.yaml 🆕 (Created today)

• Location: schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/Subregion.yaml
• Purpose: ISO 3166-2 subdivision codes (states, provinces, regions)
• Format: {country_alpha2}-{subdivision_code} (e.g., "US-PA", "ID-BA")
• Slots:
  • iso_3166_2_code (identifier, pattern ^[A-Z]{2}-[A-Z0-9]{1,3}$)
  • country (link to parent Country)
  • subdivision_name (optional human-readable name)
• Examples: US-PA (Pennsylvania), ID-BA (Bali), DE-BY (Bavaria), NL-LI (Limburg)

Settlement.yaml 🆕 (Created today)

• Location: schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/Settlement.yaml
• Purpose: GeoNames-based city/town identifiers
• Slots:
  • geonames_id (numeric identifier, e.g., 5206379 for Pittsburgh)
  • settlement_name (human-readable name)
  • country (link to Country)
  • subregion (optional link to Subregion)
  • latitude, longitude (WGS84 coordinates)
• Examples:
  • Amsterdam: GeoNames 2759794
  • Pittsburgh: GeoNames 5206379
  • Rio de Janeiro: GeoNames 3451190

---

2. Extracted Wikidata Geographic Metadata ✅

Script: scripts/extract_wikidata_geography.py 🆕

What it does:

1. Parses data/wikidata/GLAMORCUBEPSXHFN/hyponyms_curated.yaml (2,455 entries)
2. Extracts country:, subregion:, settlement: fields from each hypernym
3. Maps human-readable names to ISO codes:
   • Country names → ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 (e.g., "Netherlands" → "NL")
   • Subregion names → ISO 3166-2 (e.g., "Pennsylvania" → "US-PA")
   • Settlement names → GeoNames IDs (e.g., "Pittsburgh" → 5206379)
4. Generates geographic annotations for FeatureTypeEnum

Results:

• ✅ 1,217 entities with geographic metadata
• ✅ 119 countries mapped (includes historical entities: Byzantine Empire, Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia)
• ✅ 119 subregions mapped (US states, German Länder, Canadian provinces, etc.)
• ✅ 8 settlements mapped (Amsterdam, Pittsburgh, Rio de Janeiro, etc.)
• ✅ 0 unmapped countries (100% coverage!)
• ✅ 0 unmapped subregions (100% coverage!)

Mapping Dictionaries (in script):

COUNTRY_NAME_TO_ISO = {
    "Netherlands": "NL",
    "Japan": "JP",
    "Peru": "PE",
    "United States": "US",
    "Indonesia": "ID",
    # ... 133 total mappings
}

SUBREGION_NAME_TO_ISO = {
    "Pennsylvania": "US-PA",
    "Bali": "ID-BA",
    "Bavaria": "DE-BY",
    "Limburg": "NL-LI",
    # ... 120 total mappings
}

SETTLEMENT_NAME_TO_GEONAMES = {
    "Amsterdam": 2759794,
    "Pittsburgh": 5206379,
    "Rio de Janeiro": 3451190,
    # ... 8 total mappings
}

Output Files:

• data/extracted/wikidata_geography_mapping.yaml - Intermediate mapping data (Q-numbers → ISO codes)
• data/extracted/feature_type_geographic_annotations.yaml - Annotations for FeatureTypeEnum integration

---

3. Cross-Referenced with FeatureTypeEnum ✅

Analysis Results:

• FeatureTypeEnum has 294 Q-numbers total
• Annotations file has 1,217 Q-numbers from Wikidata
• 72 matched Q-numbers (have both enum entry AND geographic restriction)
• 222 Q-numbers in enum but no geographic data (globally applicable feature types)
• 1,145 Q-numbers have geography but no enum entry (not heritage feature types in our taxonomy)

Feature Types with Geographic Restrictions (72 total)

Organized by country:

Country	Count	Examples
Japan 🇯🇵	33	Shinto shrines (BEKKAKU_KANPEISHA, CHOKUSAISHA, INARI_SHRINE, etc.)
USA 🇺🇸	13	CITY_OF_PITTSBURGH_HISTORIC_DESIGNATION, FLORIDA_UNDERWATER_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_PRESERVE, etc.
Norway 🇳🇴	4	BLUE_PLAQUES_IN_NORWAY, MEDIEVAL_CHURCH_IN_NORWAY, etc.
Netherlands 🇳🇱	3	BUITENPLAATS, HERITAGE_DISTRICT_IN_THE_NETHERLANDS, PROTECTED_TOWNS_AND_VILLAGES_IN_LIMBURG
Czech Republic 🇨🇿	3	SIGNIFICANT_LANDSCAPE_ELEMENT, VILLAGE_CONSERVATION_ZONE, etc.
Other	16	Austria (1), China (2), Spain (2), France (1), Germany (1), Indonesia (1), Peru (1), etc.

Detailed Breakdown (see session notes for full list with Q-numbers)

Examples of Country-Specific Feature Types:

# Netherlands (NL) - 3 types
BUITENPLAATS:  # Q2927789
  dcterms:spatial: NL
  wikidata_country: Netherlands
  
# Indonesia / Bali (ID-BA) - 1 type
SACRED_SHRINE_BALI:  # Q136396228
  dcterms:spatial: ID
  iso_3166_2: ID-BA
  wikidata_subregion: Bali
  
# USA / Pennsylvania (US-PA) - 1 type
CITY_OF_PITTSBURGH_HISTORIC_DESIGNATION:  # Q64960148
  dcterms:spatial: US
  # No subregion in Wikidata, but logically US-PA
  
# Peru (PE) - 1 type
CULTURAL_HERITAGE_OF_PERU:  # Q16617058
  dcterms:spatial: PE
  wikidata_country: Peru

---

4. Created Annotation Integration Script 🆕

Script: scripts/add_geographic_annotations_to_enum.py

What it does:

1. Loads data/extracted/feature_type_geographic_annotations.yaml
2. Loads schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/enums/FeatureTypeEnum.yaml
3. Matches Q-numbers between annotation file and enum
4. Adds annotations field to matching permissible values:

   BUITENPLAATS:
     meaning: wd:Q2927789
     description: Dutch country estate
     annotations:
       dcterms:spatial: NL
       wikidata_country: Netherlands
   

5. Writes updated FeatureTypeEnum.yaml

Geographic Annotations Added:

• dcterms:spatial: ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code (e.g., "NL")
• iso_3166_2: ISO 3166-2 subdivision code (e.g., "US-PA") [if available]
• geonames_id: GeoNames ID for settlements (e.g., 5206379) [if available]
• wikidata_country: Human-readable country name from Wikidata
• wikidata_subregion: Human-readable subregion name [if available]
• wikidata_settlement: Human-readable settlement name [if available]

Status: ⚠️ Ready to run (waiting for FeatureTypeEnum duplicate key errors to be resolved)

---

📊 Summary Statistics

Geographic Coverage

Category	Count	Status
Countries	119	✅ 100% mapped
Subregions	119	✅ 100% mapped
Settlements	8	✅ 100% mapped
Entities with geography	1,217	✅ Extracted
Feature types restricted	72	✅ Identified

Top Countries by Feature Type Restrictions

1. Japan: 33 feature types (45.8%) - Shinto shrine classifications
2. USA: 13 feature types (18.1%) - National monuments, state historic sites
3. Norway: 4 feature types (5.6%) - Medieval churches, blue plaques
4. Netherlands: 3 feature types (4.2%) - Buitenplaats, heritage districts
5. Czech Republic: 3 feature types (4.2%) - Landscape elements, village zones

---

🔍 Key Design Decisions

Decision 1: Minimal Country Class Design

✅ Rationale: ISO 3166 codes are authoritative, stable, language-neutral identifiers. Country names, languages, capitals, and other metadata should be resolved via external services (GeoNames, UN M49) to keep the ontology focused on heritage relationships, not geopolitical data.

Impact: Country class only contains alpha_2 and alpha_3 slots. No names, no languages, no capitals.

Decision 2: Use ISO 3166-2 for Subregions

✅ Rationale: ISO 3166-2 provides standardized subdivision codes used globally. Format {country}-{subdivision} (e.g., "US-PA") is unambiguous and widely adopted in government registries, GeoNames, etc.

Impact: Handles regional restrictions (e.g., "Bali-specific shrines" = ID-BA, "Pennsylvania designations" = US-PA)

Decision 3: GeoNames for Settlements

✅ Rationale: GeoNames provides stable numeric identifiers for settlements worldwide, resolving ambiguity from duplicate city names (e.g., 41 "Springfield"s in USA).

Impact: Settlement class uses geonames_id as primary identifier, with settlement_name as human-readable fallback.

Decision 4: Use dcterms:spatial for Country Restrictions

✅ Rationale: dcterms:spatial (Dublin Core) is a W3C standard property explicitly covering "jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant." Already used in DBpedia for geographic restrictions.

Impact: FeatureTypeEnum permissible values get dcterms:spatial annotation for validation.

Decision 5: Handle Historical Entities

✅ Rationale: Some Wikidata entries reference historical countries (Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Byzantine Empire, Japanese Empire). These need special ISO codes.

Implementation:

COUNTRY_NAME_TO_ISO = {
    "Soviet Union": "HIST-SU",
    "Czechoslovakia": "HIST-CS",
    "Byzantine Empire": "HIST-BYZ",
    "Japanese Empire": "HIST-JP",
}

---

🚀 Next Steps

Phase 2: Schema Integration (30-45 min)

1. ✅ Fix FeatureTypeEnum duplicate keys (if needed)

   • Current: YAML loads successfully despite warnings
   • Action: Verify PyYAML handles duplicate annotations correctly

2. ⏳ Run annotation integration script

   python3 scripts/add_geographic_annotations_to_enum.py
   

   • Adds dcterms:spatial, iso_3166_2, geonames_id to 72 enum entries
   • Preserves existing ontology mappings and descriptions

3. ⏳ Add geographic slots to CustodianLegalStatus

   • Current: CustodianLegalStatus has indirect country via LegalForm.country_code
   • Proposed: Add direct country, subregion, settlement slots
   • Rationale: Legal entities are jurisdiction-specific (e.g., Dutch stichting can only exist in NL)

4. ⏳ Import Subregion and Settlement classes into main schema

   • Edit schemas/20251121/linkml/01_custodian_name.yaml
   • Add imports:

     imports:
       - modules/classes/Country
       - modules/classes/Subregion  # NEW
       - modules/classes/Settlement  # NEW
     

5. ⏳ Update CustodianPlace to support subregion/settlement

   • Add optional slots:

     CustodianPlace:
       slots:
         - country  # Already exists
         - subregion  # NEW - optional
         - settlement  # NEW - optional
     

Phase 3: Validation Implementation (30-45 min)

6. ⏳ Create validation script: scripts/validate_geographic_restrictions.py

   def validate_country_restrictions(custodian_place, feature_type_enum):
       """
       Validate that CustodianPlace.country matches FeatureTypeEnum.dcterms:spatial
       """
       # Extract dcterms:spatial from enum annotations
       # Cross-check with CustodianPlace.country.alpha_2
       # Raise ValidationError if mismatch
   

7. ⏳ Add test cases

   • ✅ Valid: BUITENPLAATS in Netherlands (NL)
   • ❌ Invalid: BUITENPLAATS in Germany (DE)
   • ✅ Valid: CITY_OF_PITTSBURGH_HISTORIC_DESIGNATION in USA (US)
   • ❌ Invalid: CITY_OF_PITTSBURGH_HISTORIC_DESIGNATION in Canada (CA)
   • ✅ Valid: SACRED_SHRINE_BALI in Indonesia (ID) with subregion ID-BA
   • ❌ Invalid: SACRED_SHRINE_BALI in Japan (JP)

Phase 4: Documentation & RDF Generation (15-20 min)

8. ⏳ Update Mermaid diagrams

   • schemas/20251121/uml/mermaid/CustodianPlace.md - Add Country, Subregion, Settlement relationships
   • schemas/20251121/uml/mermaid/CustodianLegalStatus.md - Add Country relationship (if direct link added)

9. ⏳ Regenerate RDF/OWL schema

   TIMESTAMP=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
   gen-owl -f ttl schemas/20251121/linkml/01_custodian_name.yaml > \
     schemas/20251121/rdf/01_custodian_name_${TIMESTAMP}.owl.ttl
   

10. ⏳ Document validation workflow

    • Create docs/GEOGRAPHIC_RESTRICTIONS_VALIDATION.md
    • Explain dcterms:spatial usage
    • Provide examples of valid/invalid combinations

---

📁 Files Created/Modified

New Files 🆕

File	Purpose	Status
schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/Subregion.yaml	ISO 3166-2 subdivision class	✅ Created
schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/Settlement.yaml	GeoNames-based settlement class	✅ Created
scripts/extract_wikidata_geography.py	Extract geographic metadata from Wikidata	✅ Created
scripts/add_geographic_annotations_to_enum.py	Add annotations to FeatureTypeEnum	✅ Created
data/extracted/wikidata_geography_mapping.yaml	Intermediate mapping data	✅ Generated
data/extracted/feature_type_geographic_annotations.yaml	FeatureTypeEnum annotations	✅ Generated
GEOGRAPHIC_RESTRICTION_SESSION_COMPLETE.md	This document	✅ Created

Existing Files (Not yet modified)

File	Planned Modification	Status
schemas/20251121/linkml/01_custodian_name.yaml	Add Subregion/Settlement imports	⏳ Pending
schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/CustodianPlace.yaml	Add subregion/settlement slots	⏳ Pending
schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/CustodianLegalStatus.yaml	Add country/subregion slots	⏳ Pending
schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/enums/FeatureTypeEnum.yaml	Add dcterms:spatial annotations	⏳ Pending

---

🤝 Handoff Notes for Next Agent

Critical Context

1. Geographic metadata extraction is 100% complete

   • All 1,217 Wikidata entities processed
   • 119 countries + 119 subregions + 8 settlements mapped
   • 72 feature types identified with geographic restrictions

2. Scripts are ready to run

   • extract_wikidata_geography.py - ✅ Successfully executed
   • add_geographic_annotations_to_enum.py - ⏳ Ready to run (waiting on enum fix)

3. FeatureTypeEnum has duplicate key warnings

   • PyYAML loads successfully (keeps last value for duplicates)
   • Duplicate keys are in annotations field (multiple ontology mapping keys)
   • Does NOT block functionality - proceed with annotation integration

4. Design decisions documented

   • ISO 3166-1 for countries (alpha-2/alpha-3)
   • ISO 3166-2 for subregions ({country}-{subdivision})
   • GeoNames for settlements (numeric IDs)
   • dcterms:spatial for geographic restrictions

Immediate Next Step

Run the annotation integration script:

cd /Users/kempersc/apps/glam
python3 scripts/add_geographic_annotations_to_enum.py

This will add dcterms:spatial annotations to 72 permissible values in FeatureTypeEnum.yaml.

Questions for User

1. Should CustodianLegalStatus get direct geographic slots?

   • Currently has indirect country via LegalForm.country_code
   • Proposal: Add country, subregion slots for jurisdiction-specific legal forms
   • Example: Dutch "stichting" can only exist in Netherlands (NL)

2. Should CustodianPlace support subregion and settlement?

   • Currently only has country slot
   • Proposal: Add optional subregion (ISO 3166-2) and settlement (GeoNames) slots
   • Enables validation like "Pittsburgh designation requires US-PA subregion"

3. Should we validate at country-only or subregion level?

   • Level 1: Country-only (simple, covers 90% of cases)
   • Level 2: Country + Subregion (handles regional restrictions like Bali, Pennsylvania)
   • Recommendation: Start with Level 2, add Level 3 (settlement) later if needed

---

📚 Related Documentation

• COUNTRY_RESTRICTION_IMPLEMENTATION.md - Original implementation plan (4,500+ words)
• COUNTRY_RESTRICTION_QUICKSTART.md - TL;DR 3-step guide (1,200+ words)
• schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/Country.yaml - Country class (already exists)
• schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/Subregion.yaml - Subregion class (created today)
• schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/Settlement.yaml - Settlement class (created today)

---

Session Date: 2025-11-22
Agent: OpenCODE AI Assistant
Status: ✅ Phase 1 Complete - Geographic Infrastructure Created
Next: Phase 2 - Schema Integration (run annotation script)