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glam/schemas/20251121/linkml/modules/classes/ProvenanceEvent.yaml
kempersc 66adec257e Add scripts for normalizing LinkML schemas and validating schema integrity 
- Implement `normalize_linkml_alt_descriptions.py` to convert structured alt_descriptions to the expected scalar form.
- Implement `normalize_linkml_structured_aliases.py` to flatten language-keyed structured_aliases into a standard list-of-objects format.
- Implement `validate_linkml_schema_integrity.py` to validate the integrity of LinkML schema bundles, checking for import resolution, YAML parsing, and reference existence.
2026-02-16 10:16:51 +01:00

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id: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/class/ProvenanceEvent
name: ProvenanceEvent
title: Provenance Event Class
prefixes:
linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/
hc: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/
schema: http://schema.org/
crm: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
aat: http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/
prov: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
imports:
- linkml:types
- ../enums/ProvenanceEventTypeEnum
- ../metadata
- ../slots/change_ownership_from
- ../slots/change_ownership_to
- ../slots/has_description
- ../slots/identified_by
- ../slots/has_level
- ../slots/has_note
- ../slots/has_provenance
- ../slots/has_reference
- ../slots/has_score
- ../slots/has_type
- ../slots/has_url
- ../slots/associated_with
- ../slots/conducted_by
- ../slots/has_numeric_value
- ../slots/has_flag
- ../slots/refer_to
- ../slots/has_price
- ../slots/has_currency
- ../slots/has_text
- ../slots/publish
- ../slots/require
- ../slots/temporal_extent
default_prefix: hc
classes:
ProvenanceEvent:
class_uri: crm:E8_Acquisition
description: >-
Event representing a transfer of legal ownership or custody of a heritage object
from one party to another, documenting the chain of provenance throughout its history.
alt_descriptions:
nl: >-
Gebeurtenis die een overdracht van juridisch eigendom of bewaring van een erfgoedobject
van de ene partij naar de andere vertegenwoordigt, documenterend de herkomstketen throughout zijn geschiedenis.
de: >-
Ereignis, das die Übertragung des rechtlichen Eigentums oder der Verwahrung eines Kulturguts
von einer Partei an eine andere darstellt und die Provenienzkette dokumentiert.
fr: >-
Événement représentant un transfert de propriété légale ou de garde d'un objet patrimonial
d'une partie à une autre, documentant la chaîne de provenance tout au long de son histoire.
es: >-
Evento que representa una transferencia de propiedad legal o custodia de un objeto patrimonial
de una parte a otra, documentando la cadena de procedencia a lo largo de su historia.
ar: >-
حدث يمثل نقل الملكية القانونية أو الحيازة لقطعة تراثية
من طرف إلى آخر، يوثق سلسلة المنشأ عبر تاريخها.
id: >-
Peristiwa yang mewakili transfer kepemilikan legal atau pengawasan objek warisan budaya
dari satu pihak ke pihak lain, mendokumentasikan rantai provenance sepanjang sejarahnya.
zh: >-
表示文化遗产物品的法律所有权或保管权从一方转移到另一方的事件，
记录其历史上的来源链条。
exact_mappings:
- crm:E8_Acquisition
close_mappings:
- crm:E10_Transfer_of_Custody
- prov:Activity
- schema:TransferAction
- aat:300055863
related_mappings:
- crm:E7_Activity
- schema:Action
broad_mappings:
- crm:E7_Activity
keywords:
- provenance event
- ownership transfer
- acquisition
- chain of custody
slots:
- conducted_by
- publish
- associated_with
- has_reference
- has_url
- identified_by
- has_note
- temporal_extent
- has_type
- change_ownership_from
- has_numeric_value
- has_flag
- refer_to
- has_price
- has_currency
- has_text
- has_provenance
- require
- has_score
- change_ownership_to
- has_description
slot_usage:
identified_by:
identifier: true
required: true
# range: string # uriorcurie
examples:
- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-001
- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/rijksmuseum-sk-c-5-005
refer_to:
required: true
# range: string # uriorcurie
inlined: false
examples:
- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
has_type:
required: true
range: ProvenanceEventTypeEnum
examples:
- value: BEQUEST
- value: AUCTION
- value: CONFISCATION
temporal_extent:
required: false
range: TimeSpan
inlined: true
examples:
- value:
begin_of_the_begin: '1664-01-01'
end_of_the_end: '1674-12-31'
has_label: c. 1665-74
- value:
begin_of_the_begin: '1696-05-16'
end_of_the_end: '1696-05-16'
has_label: May 16, 1696
change_ownership_from:
required: false
# range: string # uriorcurie
inlined: false
examples:
- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/person/des-tombe
change_ownership_to:
required: false
# range: string # uriorcurie
inlined: false
examples:
- value: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian/nl/mauritshuis
has_description:
required: false
multivalued: true
examples:
- value:
description_text: A.A. des Tombe, The Hague (1881-1903)
description_type: from_owner
- value:
description_text: Pieter van Ruijven, Delft (c. 1665-1674)
description_type: from_owner
- value:
description_text: Unknown German collector
description_type: from_owner
- value:
description_text: Mauritshuis, The Hague
description_type: to_owner
- value:
description_text: Maria de Knuijt, widow of van Ruijven
description_type: to_owner
has_price:
required: false
range: decimal
examples:
- value: 30
- value: 30000000
has_currency:
required: false
# range: string
examples:
- value: NLG
- value: EUR
- value: USD
- value: RM
has_text:
required: false
# range: string
examples:
- value: 30 guilders
- value: Purchased for 2 stuivers 10 guilders
- value: Forced sale for nominal sum
has_numeric_value:
required: false
# range: string
examples:
- value: '36'
- value: Lot 127A
associated_with:
required: false
range: ArtDealer
inlined: true
multivalued: true
examples:
- value:
has_name:
has_label: Paul Cassirer
- value:
has_name:
has_label: Goupil & Cie
has_reference:
required: false
range: Reference
inlined: true
multivalued: true
examples:
- value:
has_label: Dissius sale catalogue, Amsterdam, May 16, 1696, lot 36
- value:
has_label: Hofstede de Groot, vol. 1, no. 44
has_url:
required: false
range: uri
inlined: false # Fixed invalid inline for primitive type
multivalued: true
examples:
- value:
url_value: https://rkd.nl/explore/provenance/12345
url_type: provenance_record
- value:
url_value: https://www.getty.edu/research/provenance/sales
url_type: sales_database
has_level:
required: false
range: CertaintyLevel
inlined: true
examples:
- value:
level_value: CERTAIN
has_note:
- note_type: certainty
note_content: Confirmed by sale catalogue and receipt
- value:
level_value: PROBABLE
has_note:
- note_type: certainty
note_content: Inferred from stylistic analysis and collection history
- value:
level_value: UNCERTAIN
has_note:
- note_type: certainty
note_content: Provenance gap 1933-1945 requires further research
has_provenance:
required: false
range: Provenance
inlined: true
examples:
- value:
has_description:
- description_text: A.A. des Tombe, The Hague (purchased 1881, d. 1903)
description_type: provenance_text
- value:
has_description:
- description_text: Dissius sale, Amsterdam, May 16, 1696, lot 36
description_type: provenance_text
has_note:
required: false
# range: string
multivalued: true
examples:
- value: des Tombe purchased at auction for 30 guilders, a bargain price
- value: The painting's attribution to Vermeer was not recognized until later
- value: '[1] Montias 1989, p. 256, doc. 437'
- value: '[2] The painting was catalogued as ''A Tronij painted in Turkish fashion'''
comments:
- ProvenanceEvent models ownership transfers in an object's history
- Links to ExhibitedObject via object_ref relationship
- Uses ProvenanceEventTypeEnum for event classification
- Uses CIDOC-CRM E8_Acquisition as primary ontology mapping
- Supports Nazi-era provenance research with nazi_era_flag
- Certainty levels allow scholarly documentation of evidence quality
see_also:
- https://cidoc-crm.org/html/cidoc_crm_v7.1.3.html#E8
- https://www.aamd.org/object-registry
- https://www.lootedart.com/
- https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/provenance/
examples:
- value:
identified_by: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-001
object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
has_type: CREATION
temporal_extent:
begin_of_the_begin: '1664-01-01'
end_of_the_end: '1667-12-31'
has_label: c. 1665
has_description:
- description_text: Johannes Vermeer, Delft
description_type: to_owner
- place_name: Delft
country: NL
has_level:
level_value: CERTAIN
has_provenance:
has_description:
- description_text: Created by Johannes Vermeer, Delft, c. 1665
description_type: provenance_text
- value:
identified_by: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-002
object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
has_type: PURCHASE
temporal_extent:
begin_of_the_begin: '1665-01-01'
end_of_the_end: '1674-12-31'
has_label: c. 1665-1674
has_description:
- description_text: Johannes Vermeer
description_type: from_owner
- description_text: Pieter van Ruijven, Delft (c. 1665-1674)
description_type: to_owner
has_level:
level_value: PROBABLE
has_note:
- note_type: certainty
note_content: Van Ruijven was Vermeer's patron; likely acquired directly from artist
has_reference:
- has_label: Montias, Vermeer and His Milieu (1989), pp. 247-252
has_provenance:
has_description:
- description_text: Possibly Pieter van Ruijven, Delft (c. 1665-1674)
description_type: provenance_text
- value:
identified_by: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-005
object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
has_type: AUCTION
temporal_extent:
begin_of_the_begin: '1696-05-16'
end_of_the_end: '1696-05-16'
has_label: May 16, 1696
has_description:
- description_text: Estate of Jacob Dissius
description_type: from_owner
- description_text: Unknown buyer
description_type: to_owner
- place_name: Amsterdam
country: NL
publish:
- has_name: Dissius sale
lot_number: '36'
price_text: Unknown
has_level:
level_value: CERTAIN
has_reference:
- has_label: Dissius sale catalogue, Amsterdam, May 16, 1696, lot 36
has_note:
- Catalogued as 'Een Tronij in Antique Klederen, ongemeen konstig' (A Tronie in Antique Dress, uncommonly artful)
has_provenance:
has_description:
- description_text: Dissius sale, Amsterdam, May 16, 1696, lot 36
description_type: provenance_text
- value:
identified_by: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-008
object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
has_type: PURCHASE
temporal_extent:
begin_of_the_begin: '1881-01-01'
end_of_the_end: '1881-12-31'
has_label: '1881'
has_description:
- description_text: Unknown seller
description_type: from_owner
- description_text: A.A. des Tombe, The Hague
description_type: to_owner
price: 30
price_currency: NLG
price_text: 30 guilders
has_level:
level_value: CERTAIN
has_provenance:
has_description:
- description_text: A.A. des Tombe, The Hague (purchased 1881 for 30 guilders)
description_type: provenance_text
has_note:
- Des Tombe purchased at auction for a bargain price
- Painting was in poor condition and not yet attributed to Vermeer
- value:
identified_by: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/mauritshuis-670-009
object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/mauritshuis-girl-pearl-earring
has_type: BEQUEST
temporal_extent:
begin_of_the_begin: '1903-01-01'
end_of_the_end: '1903-12-31'
has_label: '1903'
has_description:
- description_text: A.A. des Tombe (d. 1903)
description_type: from_owner
- description_text: Mauritshuis, The Hague
description_type: to_owner
change_ownership_to: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/custodian/nl/mauritshuis
has_level:
level_value: CERTAIN
has_reference:
- has_label: Will of A.A. des Tombe
- has_label: Mauritshuis accession records
has_provenance:
has_description:
- description_text: Bequeathed to Mauritshuis, 1903
description_type: provenance_text
- value:
identified_by: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/provenance/example-nazi-confiscation
object_ref: https://nde.nl/ontology/hc/object/example-painting
has_type: CONFISCATION
temporal_extent:
begin_of_the_begin: '1938-01-01'
end_of_the_end: '1938-12-31'
has_label: '1938'
has_description:
- description_text: Jewish collector, Vienna
description_type: from_owner
- description_text: Nazi authorities
description_type: to_owner
nazi_era_flag: true
requires_research: true
has_level:
level_value: PROBABLE
has_note:
- note_type: certainty
note_content: Documentation incomplete; collector fled Vienna 1938
has_note:
- Provenance gap requires further research
- Listed on Art Loss Register
notes:
- |
Preserved from prior description (commit 6251b84d):
"An event representing a change in ownership or custody of a heritage object.\n\nProvenanceEvent models the CHAIN OF OWNERSHIP - who owned the object, when,\nand how ownership transferred between parties.\n\n**Key Distinction**:\n\n| Concept | Class | Description |\n|---------|-------|-------------|\n| **Ownership change** | **ProvenanceEvent** | **Sale, gift, confiscation** |\n| Temporary custody | Loan | Exhibition loan, study loan |\n| Physical condition | ConservationRecord | Condition, treatment |\n\n**Ontology Alignment**:\n\n- **CIDOC-CRM**: crm:E8_Acquisition (primary)\n \"Comprises the actions by which legal ownership of physical objects \n is transferred from one person or institution to another.\"\n- **CIDOC-CRM**: crm:E10_Transfer_of_Custody (for custody without ownership)\n- **PROV-O**: prov:Activity (provenance activity)\n- **Schema.org**: schema:TransferAction\n\n**Provenance Research Standards**:\n\nSupports key provenance research requirements:\n- **Nazi-era\
annotations:
specificity_score: 0.1
specificity_rationale: Generic utility class/slot created during migration
custodian_types: "['*']"
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