glam/data/custodian/PS-GZ-GAZ-F-HSA.yaml

original_entry:
  id: PS-HER-046
  name: Hamam al-Sammara
  name_arabic: حمام السمرة
  type: GRP.HER.FEA
  subtype: feature
  country: PS
  city: Gaza City
  location: Zeitoun Quarter, Old City, Gaza, Palestine
  confidence: 0.95
entry_index: PS-HER-046
processing_timestamp: '2025-12-08T20:35:00.000000+00:00'
enrichment_status: enriched
provenance:
  schema_version: 1.0.0
  generated_at: '2025-12-08T20:35:00.000000+00:00'
  sources:
    original_entry:
    - source_type: wikipedia_extraction
      data_tier: TIER_2_VERIFIED
      extraction_source:
      - unesco_cultural_heritage_list_gaza_2024
      - wikipedia_destruction_cultural_heritage_gaza
    - source_type: wikidata_enrichment
      data_tier: TIER_3_CROWD_SOURCED
      wikidata_id: Q5644016
  data_tier_summary:
    TIER_1_AUTHORITATIVE: []
    TIER_2_VERIFIED:
    - unesco_cultural_heritage_list_gaza_2024
    - wikipedia_destruction_cultural_heritage_gaza
    - middle_east_eye_2023
    - palestine_chronicle_2022
    TIER_3_CROWD_SOURCED:
    - wikidata
    TIER_4_INFERRED: []
  notes:
  - Extracted from UNESCO list of 145 verified damaged/destroyed cultural sites (as of 4 November 2025)
  - One of the oldest surviving public baths in the Islamic world
  - 'Confidence score: 0.95'
  - Canonical location normalized on 2025-12-09T13:56:29Z
conflict_status:
  status: destroyed
  date: '2023-12-01'
  reported_date: '2023-12-15'
  description: Hamam al-Sammara, a historic Turkish bath dating to possibly the 13th century, was destroyed by Israeli bombing
    in December 2023. Located in the Zeitoun Quarter of Gaza's Old City, it was one of the oldest surviving hammams in the
    Islamic world. The bath had been in continuous operation for approximately 1,000 years until its destruction.
  sources:
  - Middle East Eye (December 2023)
  - UNESCO verified list of damaged/destroyed cultural sites (4 November 2025)
  - Wikipedia - Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
time_of_destruction:
  date: '2023-12-01'
  reported_date: '2023-12-15'
  description: The 1,000-year-old Hamam al-Sammara was destroyed by Israeli bombing in December 2023. The bath complex was
    a rare surviving example of medieval Islamic bath architecture and represented an unbroken tradition of public bathing
    in Gaza stretching back centuries.
  sources:
  - Middle East Eye - "Historic 1,000-year-old Hamam al-Sammara destroyed by Israeli bombing in Gaza"
  - UNESCO verified list of damaged/destroyed cultural sites (4 November 2025)
custodian_name:
  claim_type: custodian_name
  claim_value: Hamam al-Sammara
  claim_value_arabic: حمام السمرة
  emic_name: حمام السمرة
  source: wikidata
  source_url: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5644016
  confidence: 0.95
  extraction_timestamp: '2025-12-08T20:35:00.000000+00:00'
ghcid:
  ghcid_current: PS-GZ-GAZ-F-HSA
  ghcid_original: PS-GZ-GAZ-F-HSA
  ghcid_uuid:
  ghcid_uuid_sha256:
  ghcid_numeric:
  location_resolution:
    method: WIKIDATA_COORDINATES
    country_code: PS
    region_code: GZ
    city_code: GAZ
    city_name: Gaza City
    geonames_id:
    wikidata_id: Q5644016
    resolution_date: '2025-12-08T20:35:00.000000+00:00'
    notes: Coordinates from Wikidata entity Q5644016
service_area:
  type: admin2
  country_code: PS
  admin1_code: PSE.1_1
  admin1_name: Gaza Strip
  admin2_name: Gaza
  source: GADM v4.1
  notes: Located in the Zeitoun Quarter of Gaza's Old City
location:
  latitude: 31.5036
  longitude: 34.4639
  coordinate_provenance:
    source_type: WIKIDATA
    source_path: wikidata_enrichment.wikidata_coordinates
    original_timestamp: '2025-12-09T12:45:15.358871+00:00'
    api_endpoint: https://www.wikidata.org/w/rest.php/wikibase/v1
    entity_id: Q5644016
  city: Gaza City
  region_code: GZ
  country: PS
  normalization_timestamp: '2025-12-09T13:56:29.020897+00:00'
wikidata_enrichment:
  wikidata_entity_id: Q5644016
  api_metadata:
    api_endpoint: https://www.wikidata.org/w/rest.php/wikibase/v1
    fetch_timestamp: '2025-12-09T12:45:15.358871+00:00'
    user_agent: GLAMDataExtractor/1.1 (glam-data@example.com) Python/httpx
    enrichment_version: 2.0_full
    properties_found:
    - P18
    - P31
    - P17
    - P131
    - P373
    - P625
  wikidata_labels:
    en: Hamam al-Sammara
    tr: Es-Sammara Hamamı
    es: Hamam al-Sammara
    ar: حمام السمرة
    ms: Hamam al-Sammara
    ur: حمام السمرا
    bn: হাম্মাম আল-সামারা
    ca: Hamam al-Sammara
  wikidata_label_en: Hamam al-Sammara
  wikidata_label_es: Hamam al-Sammara
  wikidata_descriptions:
    en: Turkish bath in Gaza
    ar: حمام أثري في غزة
  wikidata_description_en: Turkish bath in Gaza
  wikidata_aliases:
    tr:
    - Es-sammara hamamı
    ar:
    - حمام السمره
  wikidata_sitelinks:
    enwiki: Hamam al-Sammara
    trwiki: Es-Sammara Hamamı
    eswiki: Hamam al-Sammara
    arwiki: حمام السمرة
    commonswiki: Category:Hammam as-Sammara
    mswiki: Hamam al-Sammara
    urwiki: حمام السمرا
    bnwiki: হাম্মাম আল-সামারা
  wikidata_classification:
    instance_of: &id001
    - id: Q28077
      label: hammam
      description: public steambath common in the Islamic world
  wikidata_instance_of: *id001
  wikidata_location:
    country: &id002
      id: Q219060
      label: Palestine
      description: country in West Asia
    located_in_admin_entity: &id003
      id: Q47492
      label: Gaza City
      description: ancient Levantine metropolis and modern city in Gaza Strip
    coordinates: &id004
      latitude: 31.5036
      longitude: 34.4639
      precision: 1.0e-07
  wikidata_country: *id002
  wikidata_located_in: *id003
  wikidata_coordinates: *id004
  wikidata_media:
    image: Hamam as-Sammara - 1920s.jpg
    commons_category: Hammam as-Sammara
  wikidata_image: Hamam as-Sammara - 1920s.jpg
wikipedia_enrichment:
  source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip
  access_date: '2025-12-08'
  claims:
  - claim_type: date_constructed
    claim_value: Possibly 13th century
    source: Wikipedia citing Palestine Chronicle 2022
    confidence: 0.8
  - claim_type: heritage_type
    claim_value: Historic bathhouse (hammam)
    source: UNESCO verified list
    confidence: 0.95
  - claim_type: destruction_date
    claim_value: December 2023
    source: Middle East Eye
    confidence: 0.95
  - claim_type: location
    claim_value: Zeitoun Quarter, Old City, Gaza City
    source: Wikipedia
    confidence: 0.95
  references:
  - citation_key: middle_east_eye_2023
    url: https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/historic-1000-year-old-hamam-al-sammara-destroyed-israeli-bombing-gaza
    archive_url: https://web.archive.org/web/20240408195123/https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/historic-1000-year-old-hamam-al-sammara-destroyed-israeli-bombing-gaza
    archive_date: '2024-04-08'
    access_date: '2024-04-08'
    title: 1,000-year-old Hamam al-Sammara destroyed by Israeli bombing in Gaza
    publisher: Middle East Eye
  - citation_key: palestine_chronicle_2022
    url: https://www.palestinechronicle.com/photo-essay-gazas-hamam-al-samra-a-thousand-year-later/
    access_date: '2024-11-01'
    title: 'Photo Essay: Gaza''s Hamam al-Samra, A Thousand Year Later'
    publisher: The Palestine Chronicle
    date: '2022-05-24'
description:
  en: Hamam al-Sammara was a historic Turkish bath (hammam) located in the Zeitoun Quarter of Gaza's Old City. Dating to possibly
    the 13th century, it was one of the oldest surviving public baths in the Islamic world and had been in continuous operation
    for approximately 1,000 years. The hammam represented an unbroken tradition of public bathing in Gaza and was a significant
    example of medieval Islamic bath architecture. The bath complex featured traditional heated rooms, domed ceilings, and
    stone construction typical of Ottoman-era bathhouses. It was destroyed by Israeli bombing in December 2023 during military
    operations in Gaza, representing an irreplaceable loss to Islamic architectural heritage.
  ar: حمام السمرة هو حمام تركي تاريخي يقع في حي الزيتون بالمدينة القديمة في غزة. يعود تاريخه إلى القرن الثالث عشر الميلادي
    ربما، وكان من أقدم الحمامات العامة الباقية في العالم الإسلامي وظل يعمل باستمرار لمدة ألف عام تقريباً. دُمّر بالقصف الإسرائيلي
    في ديسمبر 2023.
architectural_features:
  building_type: hammam (Turkish bath)
  construction_period: Possibly 13th century (Mamluk or early Ottoman period)
  architectural_style: Islamic/Ottoman
  features:
  - Heated bathing rooms
  - Domed ceilings
  - Traditional stone construction
  - Furnace system for heating water and steam rooms
  notes: One of the oldest surviving hammams in the Islamic world, representing 1,000 years of continuous operation and maintenance
    of traditional bathing culture.
timespan:
  begin_of_the_begin: '1200-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  end_of_the_begin: '1300-12-31T23:59:59Z'
  begin_of_the_end: '2023-12-01T00:00:00Z'
  end_of_the_end: '2023-12-31T23:59:59Z'
  notes: Hamam al-Sammara dated to possibly the 13th century (Mamluk period) and was in continuous operation for approximately
    1,000 years. Destroyed by Israeli bombing in December 2023. The exact construction date is uncertain, with estimates ranging
    from the 13th century.
  sources:
  - Palestine Chronicle (May 2022) - Photo essay describing 1,000-year history
  - Middle East Eye (December 2023) - Destruction report
  - UNESCO verified list of damaged/destroyed cultural sites (4 November 2025)
heritage_significance:
  significance_level: international
  significance_notes:
  - One of the oldest surviving public baths in the Islamic world
  - Approximately 1,000 years of continuous operation
  - Rare example of medieval Islamic bath architecture still in use
  - Important cultural institution for Gaza community
  - Irreplaceable loss to Islamic architectural heritage
  heritage_designations: []